Kyoto Protocol&Agenda 21

Copyright@ Moray Johnny 1

Kyoto ProtocolSustainable Development


Background

• Agreement• Signed & ratified by countries under UN

except USA & Australia• United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC)• Kyoto, Japan• December 1997


Objectives

• Cut greenhouse gases• Stop global warming• Reduction of greenhouse gases by 5.2%

compare to 1990 (between 2008-2012) among signatory countries


Mechanisms

1. International Emission Trading• “Carbon Market”• Monitor & regulate the CO2 production

2. Clean Development Mechanism• Renewable energy usage

3. Joint Implementation• Foreign investment & technology transfer


Why USA & Australia refuse??

• Bad for their economy• Economist, “a system to transfer wealth

from 1st world to 3rd world.

NO!!! Wall Street will experience

great lost….

Agenda 21 Sustainable Development

6Copyright@ Moray Johnny

Background

• Global plan of action• UN Conference on Environment &

Development (UNCED) @ Earth Summit• Rio de Jeneiro, Brazil (1992)• “21” – 21st century


Aim

• Create a high quality environment and a healthy economy for all peoples of the planet


Function

• addresses the critical issues we face as a global community:

i. continuing damage to ecosystems ii. the worsening of povertyiii. hunger and ill health iv. increasing world populationv. illiteracy


Justification• Global movement • Coordinated from global to local action &

plan• Create a world government with certain

objectives:– International sovereignty– Abolition of private property– Restructure family unit– Increase limitation & restriction on mobility &

individual opportunity


Content

• 40 chapters document• identify each challenge and propose

simple realistic solutions towards sustainable development


Section ISocial & Economic Dimensions

Chapter 1: Preamble to Agenda 21Chapter 2: The Role of TradeChapter 3: Combating PovertyChapter 4: Changing Consumption PatternsChapter 5: Population DynamicsChapter 6: Protecting & Promoting HealthChapter 7: Sustainable Human SettlementsChapter 8: Making Decisions for Sustainable

Development12Copyright@ Moray Johnny

Section IIConservation & Management of Resources

for DevelopmentChapter 9: Protecting the AtmosphereChapter 10: Planning & Management of Land-UseChapter 11: Combating DeforestationChapter 12: Combating DesertificationChapter 13: Mountain DevelopmentChapter 14: Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentChapter 15: Conservation of Biodiversity


Section IIConservation & Management of Resources

for DevelopmentChapter 16: Sustainable BiotechnologyChapter 17: Protection of the OceansChapter 18: Protecting & Managing WaterChapter 19: Management of Toxic ChemicalsChapter 20: Hazardous WastesChapter 21: Solid Waste & SewageChapter 22: Radioactive Waste


Section IIIStrengthening the Role of Major Groups

Chapter 23: PreambleChapter 24: WomenChapter 25: Children & YouthChapter 26: Indigenous PeopleChapter 27: Non-Governmental OrganizationsChapter 28: Local AuthoritiesChapter 29: Workers & Trade UnionsChapter 30: Business & IndustryChapter 31: Science & TechnologyChapter 32: Farmers


Section IVMeans of Implementation

Chapter 33: Financial ResourcesChapter 34: Transfer of TechnologyChapter 35: Science for Sustainable DevelopmentChapter 36: Education & Public AwarenessChapter 37: Creating Capacity for Sustainable

DevelopmentChapter 38: International Institutional ArrangementsChapter 39: International Law & MechanismsChapter 40: Sharing Information & Data For

Decision-making16Copyright@ Moray Johnny

Progression

“Around the world, governments, businesses, non-governmental and other organizations are already putting the ideas from Agenda 21 to work”


ReferencesThe Kyoto Protocol Video. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXdmqXG3ITUClimate Change | Greenhouse Gases | How does the emission trading scheme work? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbU-cDLQ0YwMichael, B. (2012). What is Kyoto Protocol? “Global warming – it’s our choice”. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www.carbonify.com/articles/kyoto-protocol.htmKyoto Protocol. (2013). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_ProtocolKyoto Protocol – Toward Climate Stability. (2013) Retrieved March 27, 2013 from http://www.kyotoprotocol.com/Kyoto Protocol Documents. Retrieved March 30, 2013 from http://unfccc.int/key_document/kyoto_protocol/item/6445.php


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXdmqXG3ITU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbU-cDLQ0Yw

http://www.carbonify.com/articles/kyoto-protocol.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol

http://www.kyotoprotocol.com/

http://unfccc.int/key_document/kyoto_protocol/item/6445.php

ReferencesAgenda 21 for Dummies. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzEEgt0FFIMFreedom Advocates Document. Understanding Sustainable Development – Agenda 21. For the People and their Public Officials. Retrieved from http://www.FreedomAdvocates.orgAgenda 21: Summary. Retrieved March 31, 2013 from http://tgmag.ca/enviro/ag16to21_e.htmlAgenda 21. In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 31, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzEEgt0FFIM

http://www.freedomadvocates.org/

http://tgmag.ca/enviro/ag16to21_e.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21