Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL

8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL

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DECODING KYOTODECODING KYOTO

AND ITS RELEVANCEAND ITS RELEVANCEIN COPENHAGENIN COPENHAGEN



My mandate at Copenhagen was toprotect national interest, not save

humanity. Jairam Ramesh

Its a pinch of sugar to sweetena cauldron of failedcommitments.

"It's a nothing burger."

Sen. John McCain

The proposal is a gross violation of

the right to existence of the Africancontinent. Africa will become aholocaust.



BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

In 1992, more than 150 nations cametogether to sign the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) at The Earth Summit inRio De Janeiro.

The signatories entered into a voluntaryand non-binding pledged that thedeveloped nations would reduce thegreenhouse emissions to 1990 levels bythe year 2000.

Due to growing concerns over increasing



KYOTO PROTOCOL:KYOTO PROTOCOL:

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted inKyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 andentered into force on 16 February 2005.

It sets binding targets for 37industrialised countries and theEuropean Community for reducing

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The detailed rules for the

implementation of the Protocol were

adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001,and are called the Marrakesh Accords.



184 Parties of the Convention haveratified the Kyoto Protocol as of 14

January 2009

The most notable non-member of theProtocol is the United States, which wasresponsible for 36.1 per cent of the1990 emission levels.

The conference in Copenhagen was the15th conference of parties (COP15) inthe Framework Convention on Climate

Change.



PROPOSALS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOLPROPOSALS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

"stabilization of greenhouse gasconcentrations in the atmosphere at a levelthat would prevent dangerousanthropogenic interference with theclimate system.

adopted a principle of "common butdifferentiated responsibilities."

1. the largest share of historical and

current global emissions of greenhousegases originated in developed countries;

2. per capita emissions in developingcountries are still relatively low;

3. the share of global emissions originating



KYOTO MECHANISMSKYOTO MECHANISMS

Emissions Trading The Clean Development

Mechanism (CDM)

Joint Implementation (JI)

mechanism of "compliance



COPENHAGEN 2009COPENHAGEN 2009

To agree a new climate treaty as a successor

to the Kyoto protocol, the first phase of whichexpires in 2012.

To ensure that the worlds temperature doesnot rise more than 2 degrees Celsius till 2050.

FOUR ESSENTIALS:

1. How much are industrialized countries willingto reduce their emissions of greenhousegases?

2. How much are major developing countriessuch as China and India willing to do to limitthe growth of their emissions?

3. How is the help needed by developing

countries to engage in reducing theiremissions and ada tin to the im acts of



THE DANISH DRAFTTHE DANISH DRAFT

Each country would have to submit adomestic target for climate mitigation

open to global verification It proposed emission cuts for rich

countries as well as advanced developing

economies like India and China Each developing nation declare a

peaking year for carbon emissions



Asks for commitments from emergingeconomies

Demands international scrutiny of actions of

emerging economies even if they are notfunded by the international community

Weakens Indias right to get internationalmoney against its afforestation efforts

Demands money from the emerging

economies and not just the rich countries foradaptation and mitigation efforts in developing

countries

How the Danish draft undermines developing country interests and isHow the Danish draft undermines developing country interests and is

in contravention of the UN climate conventionin contravention of the UN climate convention andand Bali Action PlanBali Action Plan



PLEASEPLEASE--ALL DRAFTALL DRAFT

Parties should cooperate in achieving theglobal and national emissions as soon aspossible

Timeframe of peaking will be longer indeveloping countries bearing in mind thatsocial and economic development andpoverty eradication are the first and over-riding priorities of developing parties

Emphasis on low emission development,since it is indispensable to sustainable

development



COPENHAGEN ACCORDCOPENHAGEN ACCORD

The statement made compliancemandatory by asking countries to listtheir target emissions, reduction for rich

nations and domestic mitigation fordeveloping countries

Aimed at a 2 degrees Celsius limit to

global warming by reducing emissions50% by 2050

Mentioned a global emission peakingyear (without specifying the year) and

130 billion Rs.6.1 trillion for miti ation



´HANDING OUT CARROTSµ´HANDING OUT CARROTSµ

THE GAIN

Common butdifferentiated

responsibility in textmeans moreresponsibility fordeveloped economies

Got the term equity

embedded with globalgoal of bringingtemperatures below by2°C means it candemand burden-sharingof emission cuts

Green Climate Fund

THE LOSS

Window open fordiscussions to kill Kyoto

Protocol in the future Links between

mitigation actions of rich countries andfinance, tech transfer

weakened

Agrees to peakemissions in future,though no specific cut-off year mentioned

Allows international



LOOPHOLESLOOPHOLES

No agreement on whether to include emissions fromaviation and shipping in climate targets, and make itmandatory to include farming and forestry.

Kyoto excludes greenhouse gases from aviation and

shipping, responsible for at least 5 percent of globalemissions.

Under Kyoto, rich countries do not have to include in theirtargets emissions from land use, including forests andfarming.

Combined, farms and deforestation account for a third of all global greenhouse gases.

No agreement on how to scale up carbon finance under

Kyoto's existing $6.5-billion clean developmentmechanism (CDM).



BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

The Times of India

Hindustan Times

Telegraph (UK), The Guardian (UK)

http://en.cop15.dk/ (official site UNFCCC)

BBC news

http://www.reuters.com/subjects/cop15

NY Times http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2009/

http://www.eenews.net/public/25/13656/features/documents/2009/12/19/document_gw_01.pdf



THANK YOUTHANK YOU



MILAN SHARMAMILAN SHARMA

ROLL NO. 56ROLL NO. 56

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Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL