Kinkeleba Doc Final

Master Plan

Prepared by Zakcq Lockrem, MUPHarvard Graduate School of DesignInstructor Toshiko Mori12.8.09 / GSD 1303

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center

Le Kinkeliba Arts Center Master Plan | p.3 |

Index 6.2 Electricity 6.21 Requirements 6.22 System 6.3 Water 6.31 Requirements 6.32 Potable Water 6.33 Grey Water 6.34 Water Storage 6.35 Stormwater Management 6.4 Sanitation 6.41 Waste Water 6.42 Solid Waste7.0 Open Space................................ 34 7.1 Concept 7.2 Precedent and Program 7.3 Location8.0 Phasing....................................... 38

1.0 Mission................................... 042.0 Introduction........................... 05 2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation 2.2 Introduction to Senegal 2.21 History 2.22 Climate 2.3 Demographics3.0 Program.................................. 13 3.1 Participants 3.2 Calender4.0 Site Evaluation....................... 17 4.1 Regional Context 4.11 Villages 4.12 Roads 4.13 Floodplain 4.2 Site Evaluation5.0 Land Use................................ 21 5.1 Program Requirements 5.2 Land Use Scenarios6.0 Infrastructure......................... 24 6.1 Transportation 6.11 Circulation Concept 6.12 Parking 6.13 Vehicles and Facilities


Le Kinkeliba Arts Center will enlarge the mission of the Le Kinkeliba Foundation, which is to provide medical, educational and economic aid to Eastern Senegal. It will do so in a way that is environmentally sustainable, provides economic opportunity and becomes a locus of identity and unity for the region.

1.0 Mission


2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation / 2.2 Introduction to Senegal / 2.3 Demographics

2.0 Introduction


Ongoing projects of Le Kinkeliba include medical centers at Goumbayel, Sinthian and Wassadou; elementary education facilities at Saal, Koar and Niéménékél; girls and boys residences at Tambacounda; and the farm school at Tilo-Tilo.

Founded in 1995, Le Kinkeliba is committed to engaging in concrete actions which facilitate longlasting development to support the most deprived and isolated rural populations of Eastern Senegal. It is guided by the following principles: transparency, information and longlasting collaboration with the people it seeks to support. Le Kinkeliba’s overall strategy is to transfer completed projects to competent local authorities. It works to facilitate the implantation of local doctors into the countryside by developing physical conditions necessary to support their work in the field.

Besides health care, which lies at the heart of Le Kinkeliba’s mission, the association also encompasses the following areas: education, agriculture, and local economic development. Le Kinkeliba works towards overall holistic development of the areas in which it operates.

2.1 Le Kinkeliba Foundation


2.2 Introduction to Senegal

1000 km1000 km 00

Dakar

Art Center Site


HistoryIndependent of French rule since 1960, Senegal has a long history as a center of African culture and unity in the post-colonial era.

Located on the western-most part of Africa, the country served as an administrative hub for the French colonial empire and a center of Francophone African culture.

The country’s first president, Léopold Senghor, was a leading proponent of pan-Africanism, attempting to unite Africa into a single federation. Although he was unsuccessful, he did establish a tradition of democratic rule, making Senegal one of the most stable, most democratic countries on the entire continent.

French ColoniesSenegalFrance


ClimateSenegal’s climate is tropical, with well defined wet and dry seasons. Most of the rainfall occurs between July and September, with most other months having little or no rainfall.

Temperatures are hottest in the wet season. However, even in the coolest months the average temperature remains 20 degrees Celsius.

19º

20º

21º

22º

23º

24º

25º

26º

27º

28º

25 mm

50 mm

75 mm

100 mm

125 mm

150 mm

175 mm

200 mm

225 mm

250 mm

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Temp. Rainfall

Rainy SeasonDry Season Dry Season


Despite its political stability, Senegal shares many of the problems of other African nations. The population is poor and young. More than half of the population is under the age of 19 and more than half live in poverty. Unemployment is widespread, especially in rural areas, causing large seasonal migrations of workers to the cities and to Europe.

$820

average

incomeannual

41¢1kgcosts54%

live inpoverty

22%live on< per day

0 - 45 - 9

10 - 1415 - 1920 - 2425 - 2930 - 3435 - 3940 - 4445 - 4950 - 5455 - 5960 - 6465 - 6970 - 7475 - 79

80+

1 million1 million

life expectancy life expectancy

median age median age

12.5million

pop.

income and cost of living

age characteristics

2.3 Demographics


employment by sector

seasonal migration patterns

urban / rural divide

25% urban75% rural

Regional Employment Center

Route of Migration

population density

< 15

16 - 40

41 - 70

71 - 275

> 275

Persons Per Square Kilometer


Tribal IdentitiesLike many African nations, the borders of Senegal have more to do with colonial necessities then cultural ties. As such, many diferent tribes live in close proximity to each other throughout Senegal.

In total, there are more than 30 distinctive group identities, which can be reduced to six main population groups.

Each tribe has a traditional territory, although urban / rural migration and more than a century of political unity has caused significant mixing of tribes.

Culturally and linguistically, many tribes are similar in significant ways and intermarriage is not uncommon.

fulawolof sererjolamandinka soninke

other groups

percentage of population

traditional tribal areas


3.1 Student - Artist Relationship / 3.2 Calendar

3.0 Program


One of the main missions of the arts center is to be a locus of local identity and unity. As such, it will be a location for the mixing of people from diverse tribal backgrounds.

Six artists will be selected by the foundation for six month residencies. The artists will be responsible for teaching local students. The students will be selected from numerous surrounding villages by tribal elders, ensuring a diverse population. In return for room, board and education, the students will be responsible for staffing the center and for farming.

artists

local villages

+ =

le kinkeliba arts center

3.1 Student - Artist Relationship


3.2 CalendarBoth the weekly movements between villages and the seasonal rhythms of life in rural Senegal must play an important part in the program of the arts center.

Movement of artist and students from the site into the villages during weekly market days will be an important component of outreach to surrounding communities. During these visits, artists and students will perform and collect songs and art from villagers. Large celebrations will also be held for villagers at the site on a monthly basis.

While the artists will only be present on the site for a six-month residency, the students will be on-site eleven months of the year for planting and harvesting, supplemented by local workers.

site

village

everyday

weekly monthlydaily

sat. sun. mon. tue. wed. thur. fri. fri. fri. fri. fri. fri. feb. mar. apr. may. jun. jul.

site

village

market days


site

village

celebration days




4.1 Regional Context / 4.2 Site Evaluation

4.0 Site Evaluation


The site is a plateau just north of the Gambia River. Numerous villages surround the site. The Gambia is the site of significant seasonal flooding and banana plantations line the river during the dry season.

4.1 Regional Context


4.2 Site AnalysisAn analysis was conducted using GIS. The site was divided into 20 meter by 20 meter squares. An algorithm was then run to assign each square with a value based on slope, view, access and wind.

The results were then compiled, identifying the four sites most suitable (least slope, best view, best access, most wind) for construction.


TitleContent goes here Content goes here (left)

Areas outlined in white are the most suitable building sites as identified by the above listed factors.


5.1 Program Requirements / 5.2 Land Use Scenarios

5.0 Land Use


5.1 Program Requirements

residential288 sq meters

studio64 sq meters

archive32 sq meters

kitchen32 sq meters

lavatory32 sq meters

storage16 sq meters

total built area464 sq meters

6 single roomsartists

2 double roomsstaff

10 triple roomsstudents

one type, multiple uses

Residential spaces are of uniform sizes, allowing for a changing program of residents.

Archive contains a gallery, an archive and a resource library

Studio spaces are largely open but contain private space for both students and artists.


5.2 Land Use Scenarios

residentialstudioarchivekitchenlavatorystorage


6.1 Transportation / 6.2 Electricity / 6.3 Water / 6.4 Sanitation

6.0 Infrastructure

6.1 TransportationAs a remote site in rural Africa, there are significant issues relating to transportation and access.

The transportation plan will address the following goals:

1. While automobile access is important, the vast majority of Africans do not drive. The plan must focus on pedestrian, animal and bicycle access.

2. Space must be provided for maintenance of vehicles and bicycles and fodder for animals on site.

3. The program must include rides to the site for villagers if they are to be included in the activities of the arts center.

circulation conceptPedestrian traffic is favored in the plan, followed by animal and bicycle, and finally auto traffic. This is also evident sectionally. Cars are parked at the bottom of the hill, while the pedestrian realm dominates on the plateau. Bikes and animals provide a link between the levels.

plateau as islandPedestrians experience the plateau as an island. Paths circumnavigate the plateau, connecting scenic overlooks.

restricted visionViews are restricted on pathways, creating a sense of enclosure. Visibility widens at scenic overlooks and in open space.


road typologies

3.5 m

2.5 m

1.5 m

primary roadwaypaved seeled road, primary access

secondary roadwaygravel road, secondary access

pathway



Parking128 sq meters6-8 vehicles

Vehicle Maintenence and Fueling32 sq meters


Center residents will visit different villages on market days, making use of the center’s vehicle and bicycles. For large scale performances and celebrations, the vehicle will make trips to bring villagers to and from the center.

The center will maintain a fleet of bicycles for the use of residents, as well as a bus to transport residents to villages on market days and villagers to the center for performances.

vehicles regional circulation


6.2 ElectricitySince there is no electrical grid in the region, power must be produced on site. Senegal’s location near the equator and the southern exposure of the site make solar power the most attractive solution. Utilization of roof space would allow for infrastructure to be both ubiquitous and inconspicuous.

Energy can be conserved and cost minimized by reducing the number of hours that power is available to different parts of the program.

A gas powered generator should be available as a backup, especially during the rainy season.

relative per capita energy consumption

Available solar energy:

5.73 kWh per meter square per day

Senegal2000 kWh

China10,000 kWh

Germany50,000 kWh

USA100,000 kWh

possible roof configurations464 square meters

970,000 kWh 27,000 kWh per capita

232 square meters485,000 kWh

13,500 kWh per capita

117 square meters245,500 kWh

6,750 kWh per capita


Midnight

Noon

6 AM6 PM

residentialstudioarchivekitchenlavatory

Energy consumption can be further limited by providing electricity to buildings based on a schedule. Residential buildings have power as people wake up and go to sleep, while the studios have power during daytime hours and into the night. The archive is open in the afternoons and the lavatories have power all the time. The kitchens open early and close after dark.

hours of power


6.3 WaterSecondary to the need for power is the need for water. Proximity to the Gambia River and a high water table create favorable conditions for collecting enough water, even in the dry season. Using wind power to pump and solar heating to purify potable water, the slope of the site can be utilized to deliver water downhill.

Additionally, rain water can be collected from the roofs of buildings, and stored as grey water.

Because of the large slope of the site, several landscape controls are necessary to protect downhill areas.

water requirementsThe UN recommends a daily water consumption of 20 liters per person. This amounts to 700 liters per day for the complete program.

solar heaterWater passes through plastic containers and is filtered by the sun’s power.

windmillProvides potable water for the site.


grey waterRainwater is collected from roof surfaces and stored below ground in retaining pools.

water storageAbove ground storage allows water to travel through pipes under pressure and to retain a significant amount of extra water for emergencies. An 8 cubic meter storage tank would retain 7400 liters of water, enough for over one week.

2 meters2 meters

stormwater managementSwales and plantings are used to allow slower filtration and control rainwater on the slopes.


6.4 SanitationSanitation must be achieved at low cost and in an environmentally sustainable way. A biogas septic unit filters water and human waste, allowing them to be reused. Waste water filters back into the environment, while the process of filtration releases methane gases that can be harnessed and used for cooking and fuel.

Utilization will significantly lower dependence on firewood and charcoal.

Waste, once treated, can also be used as manure.

biogas / septic unit


7.1 Concept / 7.2 Precedent and Program / 7.3 Location

7.0 Open Space


7.1 ConceptThe total site area is roughly 50 acres. Just under 1 acre will be built space, leaving 49 acres vacant. The remaining space will be divided between enclosed, open, semi-natural and natural spaces.

49 acres


Precedent and Program


Content goes here Content goes here

typology 1

typology 2

typology 2

typology 3

typology 4


8.0 Phasing


PhasingPhasing is considered to be an opportunity to enhance and expand programmatic considerations. Construction begins with infrastructure and artists’ residences. In the second phase, artists are encouraged to participate in the design and reclamation of open space. By the third phase, the final open space, infrastructure, studios and the archive complete the program.

infrastructure:

built space:

open space:

people:

program:

map:


infrastructure:

built space:

open space:

people:

program:

map:

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Kinkeleba Doc Final