Doc Atm Final

Anurag Engineering College

1. INTRODUCTION

Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital based image directly to a

variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small run jobs from desktop

publishing and other digital sources are printed using large format and/or high volume laser or

inkjet printers. Digital printing has a higher cost per page than more traditional offset printing

methods but this price is usually offset by the cost saving in avoiding all the technical steps in

between needed to make printing plates. It also allows for on demand printing, short turn around,

and even a modification of the image (variable data) with each impression. The savings in labor

and ever increasing capability of digital presses means digital printing is reaching a point where

it will match or supersede offset printing technology's ability to produce larger print runs at a low

price.

The main difference between digital printing and traditional methods such as lithography,

flexography, gravure, or letterpress is that no printing plates are used, resulting in a quicker and

less expensive turnaround time. The most popular methods include inkjet or laser printers that

deposit pigment or toner onto a wide variety of substrates including paper, photo paper, canvas,

glass, metal, marble and other substances.

Consumer and professional printers such as inkjet or laser printers use the most common

examples of digital printing. Professional companies now use those practices to go green by

using better quality ink and better laser etching to get a more crisp picture that is displayed

through digital printing.

In many of the processes the ink or toner does not permeate the substrate, as does

conventional ink, but forms a thin layer on the surface and may in some systems be additionally

adhered to the substrate by using a fuser fluid with heat process (toner) or UV curing process

(ink).

Department of ECE 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_(chemistry)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toner

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toner

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_plate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterpress

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offset_printing



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing


2. DIGITAL PRINTING METHODS

2.1 INKJET PRINTING

Fine art digital printing evolved from digital proofing technology in the printing industry.

As the printing industry became digital, traditional film-based proofing became cumbersome and

cost prohibitive. Kodak, 3M, and other major manufacturers stepped up to the plate and large

format inkjet printers were developed using dye based inks or archival, lightfast pigment based

inks. Initially, these printers were limited to glossy papers, but the IRIS Graphics printer allowed

the use of a variety of papers that included traditional and non-traditional media. Graham Nash,

of Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, was one of the early pioneers of experimental digital

printmaking, and he began using the new proofing technology from IRIS Graphics to print his

own photographs and digitally manipulated images. Nash and his associate Mac Holbert opened

Nash Editions in 1991 and adapted an IRIS printer to meet the needs of artists.

Challenges in fine art printmaking include the need for exceptionally accurate high-

resolution scanning and/or photographing of original artwork, managing large file sizes, viewing

and interpreting image files onscreen, and artist-printmaker communication. Key software and

computer providers have been Adobe Photoshop and Apple Computer, along with Silicon

Graphics, who were on the forefront of color image management for both graphic arts and fine

art printmaking. Longevity is always an important consideration in fine art, whether in

reproductions (such as serigraphs or lithographs) or in an original work. It is a well-accepted fact

that paintings, especially watercolors, must be protected from the elements, therefore the light

fastness of digital inks was a critical issue. The original proofing inks were not archival, but

printmakers experimented with coatings and substrates to achieve greater longevity. A

collaborative effort by artists, including the group known as Unique Editions, worked with

printmakers to produce archival quality on a variety of substrates. The IRIS printer was the

standard for fine art digital printmaking for many years, and is still in use today, but as the field

grew, printmakers, and printer manufacturers began to offer alternative equipment for

Department of ECE 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIS_printer

http://www.lhotka.com/bonny/UniqueEditions.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Nash#Early_digital_fine_art_printing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Nash

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightfastness#Paint_Lightfastness


printmaking. More powerful computers, improved software, and viewing technologies have

expanded possibilities for artists and printmakers.

Substrates in gicle printmaking include traditional fine art papers such as Rives BFK,

Arches watercolor paper, treated and untreated canvas, experimental substrates (such as metal

and plastic), and fabric. This has allowed for the creation of limited and unlimited reproductions

of artworks.[4] Depending on the printing inks and substrate, longevity of the digital print may be

limited. Although the color range of the digital process cannot always match an original pigment,

artists and fine art digital printmakers can work together for exceptional quality with

repeatability. Digital printing also allows for the output of digital art of all types as finished

pieces or as an element in a further art piece. Experimental artists often add texture or other

media to the surface of the final prints, or use them as part of a mixed-media work. Many terms

for the process have been used over the years, including digigraph, but fine art digital

printmaking is generally known as giclée, and, although there are still a few exceptions, giclées

is widely accepted as a fine art medium by museums and galleries. Thousands of digital

printmakers now offer services to painters, photographers, and digital artists around the world.

Inkjet printing technologies

Basic Inkjet Printing Technologies

i) Continuous Flow

ii) Thermal (Bubble Jet)

iii) Piezo Electric

Now we may be wondering about the non-mentioning of memory space meant for the

program storage, the most important part of any embedded controller. Originally this

Department of ECE 3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_art

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_printing#cite_note-3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_painting#Paper


8051 architecture was introduced with on-chip, ‘one time programmable’ version of

Program Memory of size 4K X 8. Intel delivered all these microcontrollers (8051) with

user’s program fused inside the device. The memory portion was mapped at the lower

end of the Program Memory area. But, after getting devices, customers couldn’t change

anything in their program code, which was already made available inside during

device fabrication.

Fig 2.1 Block Diagram of 8051

So, very soon Intel introduced the 8051 devices with re-programmable type of

Program Memory using built-in EPROM of size 4K X 8. Like a regular EPROM, this

memory can be re-programmed many times. Later on Intel started manufacturing these

8031 devices without any on chip Program Memory.

Microcontroller Logic Symbol:

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Fig 2.2 Microcontroller logic symbol

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during

accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 of the oscillator frequency,

for external timing or clocking purposes, even when there are no accesses to external memory.

(However, one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.) This pin is

also the program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming.

PSEN

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When the device is

executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle (except

that two PSEN activations are skipped during accesses to external Data Memory). PSEN is not

activated when the device is executing out of internal Program Memory.

EA/VPP

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EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program Memory (unless the Program

Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding EA low forces the CPU to execute out of

external memory regardless of the Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA must be externally

wired low. In the EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP)

during EPROM programming.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Disadvantages of Existing System:

They are not safe since they are located outside the bank hall.

If one forgets the pin number he or she will not be able to withdraw money from their

accounts.

If one makes mistakes three times in entering the pin number the card will be swallowed

down the machine and it takes time to retrieve it.

3. PROPOSED MODEL

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3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1 Block Diagram

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Micro Controller(LPC2148)

LCD

Keyboard

Power Supply

GSM Modem

Finger Print Module

EEPROMMax 232

Buzzer


3.2 EXPLANATION OF EACH BLOCK

In this section we will be discussing about complete block diagram and its functional

description of our project. And also brief description about each block of the block

diagram.

Micro Controller

In this project work the micro-controller is plays major role. Micro-controllers were

originally used as components in complicated process-control systems. However,

because of their small size and low price, Micro-controllers are now also being used in

regulators for individual control loops. In several areas Micro-controllers are now

outperforming their analog counterparts and are cheaper as well.

Power Supply

This section is meant for supplying Power to all the sections mentioned above. It

basically consists of a Transformer to step down the 230V ac to 18V ac followed by diodes. Here

diodes are used to rectify the ac to dc. After rectification the obtained rippled dc is filtered using

a capacitor Filter. A positive voltage regulator is used to regulate the obtained dc voltage.

LCD Display

This section is basically meant to show up the status of the project. This project makes use

of Liquid Crystal Display to display / prompt for necessary information.

GSM Modem

Here we are using GSM modem to communicate with the mobile phone to which we are

going to send the message. When ever an authorized person wants to know the status of

parameter or whenever parameters values increases above the threshold value then a message

will be sent through modem.This fault is indicated by displaying in LCD. This project will

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facilitates us to monitor as well as control different parameters at a time which increase accuracy

and speed.

Buzzer Section

This section consists of a Buzzer. The buzzer is used to alert / indicate the completion of

process. It is some times used to indicate the start of the embedded system by alerting during

start-up.

Finger Print Scanner

A fingerprint sensor is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the

fingerprint pattern. The captured image is called a live scan. This live scan is digitally processed

to create a biometric template (a collection of extracted features) which is stored and used for

matching.

It supports wide range of fingerprint sensor interoperability giving you a freedom to

select suitable sensor that most fits to your application. Furthermore, the fingerprint data for

enrollment and verification are compatible among different sensors, even if they are based on

different technologies. This feature of unification presents application manufacturers and system

integrators with much more flexibility than ever before.

EEPROM

This section acts as a backend database for the project. This section is realized using an

EEPROM integrated circuit chip.

Department of ECE 9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_extraction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor


4.IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 ARM PROCESSOR

ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machines. It is a 32 bit processor core, used for high

end application. It is widely used in Advanced Robotic Applications.

History and Development

ARM was developed at Acron Computers ltd of Cambridge, England between 1983 and

1985.

RISC concept was introduced in 1980 at Stanford and Berkley.

ARM ltd was found in 1990.

ARM cores are licensed to partners so as to develop and fabricate new microcontrollers

around same processor cores.

Features

16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.

8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory.

128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.

In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot

loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of

256 bytes in 1 ms.

EmbeddedICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the

on-chip RealMonitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction execution.

USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.

In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by

DMA.

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One or two (LPC2141/42 vs. LPC2144/46/48) 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14

analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 μs per channel.

Single 10-bit DAC provides variable analog output (LPC2142/44/46/48 only).

Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare

channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.

Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input.

Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400

kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.

Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses.

Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package.

Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.

60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with

settling time of 100 μs.

On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal from 1 MHz to 25

MHz.

Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.

Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling

for additional power optimization.

Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt or BOD.

Single power supply chip with POR and BOD circuits:

CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V ± 10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O

pads.



4.2 LPC2148 MICRO CONTROLLER

Fig 4.1 LPC2148 Pin Description

Architecture Of LPC 2148 Micro Controller

Fig 4.2 Architecture of LPC2148 Microcontroller







Table 4.1 Pin functions of Port 0







Register Bank

ARM 7 uses load and store Architecture.

Data has to be moved from memory location to a central set of registers.

Data processing is done and is stored back into memory.

Register bank contains, general purpose registers to hold either data or address.

It is a bank of 16 user registers R0-R15 and 2 status registers.

Each of these registers is 32 bit wide.

Data Registers- R0-R15

R0-R12 - General Purpose Registers

R13-R15 - Special function registers of which,

R13 - Stack Pointer, refers to entry pointer of Stack.

R14 - Link Register, Return address is put to this when ever a subroutine is called.

R15 - Program Counter

Depending upon application R13 and R14 can also be used as GPR. But not commonly used.

Table 4.2 Register bank



In addition there are 2 status registers.

CPSR - Current program status register, status of current execution is stored.

SPSR - Saved program Status register, includes status of program as well as processor.

CPSR

CPSR contains a number of flags which report and control the operation of ARM7 CPU.

Fig 4.3 CPSR Register Format

Conditional Code Flags

N - Negative Result from ALU

Z - Zero result from ALU

C - ALU operation carried out

V - ALU operation overflowed

Interrupt Enable Bits

I - IRQ, Interrupt Disable

F - FIQ, Disable Fast Interrupt

T- Bit

If T=0, Processor in ARM Mode.

T=1, Processor in THUMB Mode



Mode Bits

Specifies the processor Modes.

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 0

Features

16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs

Register locations conform to ‘550 industry standard

Receiver FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes

Built-in fractional baud rate generator with autobauding capabilities.

Mechanism that enables software and hardware flow control implementation

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 1

Features

UART1 is identical to UART0, with the addition of a modem interface.

16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs

Register locations conform to ‘550 industry standard

Receiver FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes

Built-in fractional baud rate generator with autobauding capabilities.

Mechanism that enables software and hardware flow control implementation

Standard modem interface signals included with flow control (auto-CTS/RTS) fully

supported in hardware (LPC2144/6/8 only).

Real Time Clock



Features

Measures the passage of time to maintain a calendar and clock.

Ultra Low Power design to support battery powered systems

Provides Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Day of Month, Month, Year, Day of Week, and Day

of Year

Dedicated 32 kHz oscillator or programmable prescaler from VPB clock.

Dedicated power supply pin can be connected to a battery or to the main 3.3 V

4.3 GSM TECHNOLOGY

An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely

encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose

computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few pre-defined

tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks,

design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems

are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a set of ETSI standards specifying

the infrastructure for a digital cellular service. The standard is used in approx. 85 countries in the

world including such locations as Europe, Japan and Australia1.

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system

that is widely used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple

Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies

(TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel

with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz,

1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer


GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last

decade. Now, at the dawn of the era of true broadband services, GSM continues to evolve to

meet new demands. One of GSM's great strengths is its international roaming capability, giving

consumers a seamless service. This has been a vital driver in growth, with around 300 million. In

the Americas, today's 7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of 500

million in population, due to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows operators using the 800

MHz band to have access to GSM technology too.

GSM security issues such as theft of service, privacy, and legal interception continue to

raise significant interest in the GSM community. The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness

of these issues with GSM security.

The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital

revolution. Everyday, millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little

is known about how one person's voice reaches the other person's phone that is thousands of

miles away. Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system.

The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital

pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer.

All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it. The

system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future

enhancements. General System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one of the many solutions

out there. GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't take much to realize

why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication.

GSM Modems

A GSM modem can be an external modem device, such as the Wavecom FASTRACK

Modem. Insert a GSM SIM card into this modem, and connect the modem to an available serial

port on your computer.


http://www.tech-faq.com/cell-phone-reviews.shtml


A GSM modem can be a PC Card installed in a notebook computer, such as the Nokia

Card Phone. A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate

cable and software driver to connect to a serial port on your computer. Phones such as the Nokia

7110 with a DLR-3 cable, or various Ericsson phones, are often used for this purpose.

A dedicated GSM modem (external or PC Card) is usually preferable to a GSM mobile

phone. This is because of some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones. For

example, if you wish to be able to receive inbound MMS messages with your gateway, and you

are using a mobile phone as your modem, you must utilize a mobile phone that does not support

WAP push or MMS. This is because the mobile phone automatically processes these messages,

without forwarding them via the modem interface. Similarly some mobile phones will not allow

you to correctly receive SMS text messages longer than 160 bytes (known as “concatenated

SMS” or “long SMS”). This is because these long messages are actually sent as separate SMS

messages, and the phone attempts to reassemble the message before forwarding via the modem

interface. (We’ve observed this latter problem utilizing the Ericsson R380, while it does not

appear to be a problem with many other Ericsson models.)

When you install your GSM modem, or connect your GSM mobile phone to the

computer, be sure to install the appropriate Windows modem driver from the device

manufacturer. To simplify configuration, the Now SMS/MMS Gateway will communicate with

the device via this driver. An additional benefit of utilizing this driver is that you can use

Windows diagnostics to ensure that the modem is communicating properly with the computer.

The Now SMS/MMS gateway can simultaneously support multiple modems, provided

that your computer hardware has the available communications port resources.



Fig 4.4 GSM Smart Modem

Smart Modem (GSM/GPRS)Smart Modem (GSM/GPRS)

Analogic’s GSM Smart Modem is a multi-functional, ready to use, rugged and versatile

modem that can be embedded or plugged into any application. The Smart Modem can be

customized to various applications by using the standard AT commands. The modem is fully

type-approved and can directly be integrated into your projects with any or all the features of

Voice, Data, Fax, SMS, and Internet etc.Smart Modem kit contain the following items:

Analogic’s GSM/GPRS Smart Modem

SMPS based power supply adapter.

3 dBi antenna with cable (optional: other types)

Data cable (RS232)

User Manual

Installing the Modem

To install the modem, plug the device on to the supplied SMPS Adapter. For Automotive

applications fix the modem permanently using the mounting slots (optional as per your

requirement dimensions).



Inserting/ Removing the SIM Card

To insert or Remove the SIM Card, it is necessary to press the SIM holder ejector button

with Sharp edged object like a pen or a needle. With this, the SIM holder comes out a little, then

pulls it out and insert or remove the SIM Card

Fig 4.5 Inserting/Removing the SIM card into the Modem

Make sure that the ejector is pushed out completely before accessing the SIM Card holder

do not remove the SIM card holder by force or tamper it (it may permanently damage). Place the

SIM Card Properly as per the direction of the installation. It is very important that the SIM is

placed in the right direction for its proper working condition

Connecting External Antenna

Connect GSM Smart Modem to the external antenna with cable end with SMA male. The

Frequency of the antenna may be GSM 900/1800 MHz. The antenna may be ( 0 dbi, 3 dbi or

short length L-type antenna) as per the field conditions and signal conditions.



Services provided by GSM

GSM was designed having interoperability with ISDN in mind, and the services provided

by GSM are a subset of the standard ISDN services. Speech is the most basic, and most

important, teleservice provided by GSM.

In addition, various data services are supported, with user bit rates up to 9600 bps.

Specially equipped GSM terminals can connect with PSTN, ISDN, Packet Switched and Circuit

Switched Public Data Networks, through several possible methods, using synchronous or

asynchronous transmission. Also supported are Group 3 facsimile service, videotex, and teletex.

Other GSM services include a cell broadcast service, where messages such as traffic reports, are

broadcast to users in particular cells.

A service unique to GSM, the Short Message Service, allows users to send and receive

point-to-point alphanumeric messages up to a few tens of bytes. It is similar to paging services,

but much more comprehensive, allowing bi-directional messages, store-and-forward delivery,

and acknowledgement of successful delivery.

Supplementary services enhance the set of basic teleservices. In the Phase I

specifications, supplementary services include variations of call forwarding and call barring,

such as Call Forward on Busy or Barring of Outgoing International Calls. Many more

supplementary services, including multiparty calls, advice of charge, call waiting, and calling

line identification presentation will be offered in the Phase 2 specifications.

4.4 LCD

Liquid crystal displays (LCD) have materials which combine the properties of both

liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature range within



which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together

in an ordered form similar to a crystal.

An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in

between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with transparent electrodes which

define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present in between

the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules to maintain a

defined orientation angle.

One each polarisers are pasted outside the two glass panels. These polarisers would rotate

the light rays passing through them to a definite angle, in a particular direction

When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are rotated by the two polarisers and the liquid

crystal, such that the light rays come out of the LCD without any orientation, and hence the LCD

appears transparent.

When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules would be

aligned in a specific direction. The light rays passing through the LCD would be rotated by the

polarisers, which would result in activating / highlighting the desired characters.

The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since the LCD’s

consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits, and can be powered

for long durations.

The LCD s won’t generate light and so light is needed to read the display. By using

backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The LCD’s have long life and a wide operating

temperature range.Changing the display size or the layout size is relatively simple which makes

the LCD’s more customer friendly.

The LCD s used exclusively in watches, calculators and measuring instruments is the

simple seven-segment displays, having a limited amount of numeric data. The recent advances in

technology have resulted in better legibility, more information displaying capability and a wider



temperature range. These have resulted in the LCD s being extensively used in

telecommunications and entertainment electronics.

The LCD s has even started replacing the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used for the display of

text and graphics, and also in small TV applications.

LCD operation

In recent years the LCD is finding widespread use replacing LEDs (seven-segment LEDs or

other multisegment (LEDs). This is due to the following reasons:

The declining prices of LCDs.

The ability of display numbers, characters, and graphics. This is ain contrast to LEDs,

which are limited to numbers and a few characters.

Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the

task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU (or in

some other way) to keep displaying the data.

Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

LCD Pin Description

The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in table.



Fig 4.7 LCD pin diagram

Table 4.6 LCD Pin Description

Vcc, Vss, and VEE

While Vcc and Vss provide +5V and ground, respectively, VEE is used for controlling

LCD contrast.



RS – register select

There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used for their

selection as follows. If RS = 0, the instruction command code register is selected, allowing the

user to send a command such as clear display, cursor at home, etc. If RS = 1 the data register is

selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the LCD.

R/W – read/write

R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read information from it.

R/W = 1 when reading; R/W =0 when writing.

E – Enable

The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When

data is supplied to data pins, a high to low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the LCD

to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide.

D0 – D7

The 8 bit data pins, D0 – D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the contents of

the LCD’s internal registers. To display letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes for the letters

A – Z, a – z, and numbers 0 – 9 to these pins while making RS = 1.There are also instructions

command codes that can be sent to the LCD to clear the display or force the cursor to the home

position or blink the cursor. Table below lists the instruction command codes.

LCD Interfacing

Sending commands and data to LCDs with a time delay



To send any command from table 2 to the LCD, make pin RS=0. For data, make

RS=1.Then place a high to low pulse on the E pin to enable the internal latch of the LCD.

4.5 BUZZER

The "Piezoelectric sound components" introduced herein operate on an innovative

principle utilizing natural oscillation of piezoelectric ceramics. These buzzers are offered in

lightweight compact sizes from the smallest diameter of 12mm to large Piezo electric sounders.

Today, piezoelectric sound components are used in many ways such as home appliances, OA

equipment, audio equipment telephones, etc. And they are applied widely, for example, in

alarms, speakers, telephone ringers, receivers, transmitters, beep sounds, etc.



Fig4.7 Types of Buzzers

4.6 EEPROM

EEPROM (also written E2PROM and pronounced e-e-prom or simply e-squared), which

stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, is a type of non-volatile

memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must

be saved when power is removed, e.g., calibration tables or device configuration.

When larger amounts of more static data are to be stored (such as in USB flash drives)

other memory types like flash memory are more economical. EEPROMs are realized as arrays of

floating-gate transistors.

4.7 MAX-232

The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one package contains the necessary

drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. It

became popular, because it just needs one voltage (+5V) and generates the necessary RS-232

voltage levels (approx. -10V and +10V) internally.


http://www.maxim-ic.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-gate_transistor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_memory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_memory


This greatly simplified the design of circuitry. Circuitry designers no longer need to

design and build a power supply with three voltages (e.g. -12V, +5V, and +12V), but could just

provide one +5V power supply, e.g. with the help of a simple 78x05 voltage converter. The

MAX232 has a successor, the MAX232A. The ICs are almost identical, however, the MAX232A

is much more often used (and easier to get) than the original MAX232, and the MAX232A only

needs external capacitors 1/10th the capacity of what the original MAX232 needs.

It should be noted that the MAX 232(A) is just a driver/receiver. It does not generate the

necessary RS-232 sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing, it does not decode the RS-

232 signal, it does not provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to convert signal

voltage levels. Generating serial data with the right timing and decoding serial data has to be

done by additional circuitry, e.g. by a 16550 UART or one of these small micro controllers (e.g.

Atmel AVR, Microchip PIC) getting more and more popular.

4.8 FINGER PRINT SCANNER

NITGEN FIM 3030

A fingerprint sensor is an electronic device used to capture a digital image of the

fingerprint pattern. The captured image is called a live scan. This live scan is digitally processed

to create a biometric template (a collection of extracted features) which is stored and used for

matching.

General Descriptions

FIM30 is an evolutionary standalone fingerprint recognition module consisted of optic

sensor and processing board. As CPU and highly upgraded algorithm are embedded into a

module, it provides high recognition ratio even to small size, wet, dry, calloused fingerprint.

High speed 1: N identification and 1: N verification.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_extraction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Embedded_Systems/PIC_Microcontroller

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming:8250_UART_Programming


FIM 30 has functions of fingerprint enrollment, identification, partial and entire deletion

and reset in a single board, it does not require connection with a separate PC, thereby offering

convenient development environment. Off-line functionality stores logs on the equipment

memory (up to 100 fingerprints) and it’s identified using search engine from the internal

algorithm. Evolutionary standalone fingerprint recognition module FIM30 is ideal for on-line

applications, because allows ASCII commands to manage the device from the host. On-line

functionality, fingerprints to verify (1:1) or identify (1: N) can be stored on non volatile memory,

or be sent by RS-232 port.

Features

On-line and off-line fingerprint identification incorporated

Identification rate 1:1 and 1:N; FAR: 1/100.000 y FRR: 1/1.000

Algorithm and high hardness optical sensor

It provides high recognition ratio even to small size, wet, dry, calloused fingerprint.

Fast acquisition of difficult finger types under virtually any condition.

Memory capacity for 100 fingerprints

Memory events: up to 2,000 authentications

Access host can be protected by fingerprint or password

It offers convenient development environment.

Two communication ports: RS-232 or host ( on-line applications )

ASCII protocol

Supply voltage: 5V

This FIM 3030 is going to have the Optical Sensor to Enroll and Identify the Finger Print.



Optical sensor

Optical fingerprint imaging involves capturing a digital image of the print using visible

light. This type of sensor is, in essence, a specialized digital camera. The top layer of the sensor,

where the finger is placed, is known as the touch surface. Beneath this layer is a light-emitting

phosphor layer which illuminates the surface of the finger. The light reflected from the finger

passes through the phosphor layer to an array of solid state pixels (a charge-coupled device)

which captures a visual image of the fingerprint. A scratched or dirty touch surface can cause a

bad image of the fingerprint. A disadvantage of this type of sensor is the fact that the imaging

capabilities are affected by the quality of skin on the finger. It can also be easily fooled by an

image of a fingerprint if not coupled with a "live finger" detector. However, unlike capacitive

sensors, this sensor technology is not susceptible to electrostatic discharge damage.

Fingerprint biometry

High Universality

A majority of the population (>96%) have legible fingerprints. More than the

number of people who possess passports, license and IDs.

High Distinctiveness

Even identical twins have different fingerprints (most biometrics fail).

Individuality of fingerprints established through empirical evidence

High Performance

One of the most accurate forms of biometrics available. Best trade off between

convenience and security.

High Acceptability

Fingerprint acquisition is non intrusive. Requires no training.

Advantages

• Uniqueness


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled_device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_(electronics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light


• Surety over the Cards and Keypads

• Against to Cards Duplication, misplacement and improper disclosure of

password

• No excuses for RF/Magnetic Cards forget ness

• No need to further invest on the Cards Cost

• No need to further manage the Cards Writing Devices

Fingerprint Patterns

• Loops

– Ridge lines enter from one side and curve around to exit from the same side

– 60-65% of population

• Whorls

– Rounded or circular ridge pattern

– 30-35% of population

• Arches

– Ridge lines enter from one side of print and exit out the other

– 5% of population

4.9 POWER SUPPLY

The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low

voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a

series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which maintains the

output voltage constant irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is known as “Regulated

D.C Power Supply”



Fig 4.8 Power Supply

Transformer

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of power.

Transformers work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC.

Step-up transformers increase in output voltage, step-down transformers decrease in output

voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains

voltage to a safer low voltage. The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called

the secondary. There is no electrical connection between the two coils; instead they are linked by

an alternating magnetic field created in the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines in the

middle of the circuit symbol represent the core. Transformers waste very little power so the

power out is (almost) equal to the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is

stepped up. The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the turn’s ratio, determines the

ratio of the voltages. A step-down transformer has a large number of turns on its primary (input)

coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a small number of turns on its

secondary (output) coil to give a low output voltage.



An Electrical Transformer

Rectifier

The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating D.C.

The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is used

because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification.

Fig 4.9 Bridge Rectifier

The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half

cycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has

four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite

ends of the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge.



For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D3 conduct, whereas

diodes D2 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the load

resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL.

For the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas, D1

and D3 remain OFF. The conducting diodes D2 and D4 will be in series with the load resistance

RL and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the previous half cycle.

Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional wave.

Filter

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier

and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and

load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this

point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.

Regulator

Voltage regulator ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output

voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators are

available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection

from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection'). Many of

the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805

+5V 1A regulator shown on the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the

positive lead of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the

Input pin, connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power,

you get a 5 volt supply from the output pin.



Fig 4.10 Voltage Regulator

78XX

The Bay Linear LM78XX is integrated linear positive regulator with three terminals. The

LM78XX offer several fixed output voltages making them useful in wide range of applications.

When used as a zener diode/resistor combination replacement, the LM78XX usually results in an

effective output impedance improvement of two orders of magnitude, lower quiescent current.

The LM78XX is available in the TO-252, TO-220 & TO-263packages.

Features

• Output Current of 1.5A

• Output Voltage Tolerance of 5%

• Internal thermal overload protection

• Internal Short-Circuit Limited

• No External Component

• Output Voltage 5.0V, 6V, 8V, 9V, 10V,12V, 15V, 18V, 24V



4.10 LINEAR KEYPAD

This section basically consists of a Linear Keypad. Basically a Keypad can be classified into

2 categories. One is Linear Keypad and the other is Matrix keypad.

Matrix Keypad

This Keypad got keys arranged in the form of Rows and Columns. That is why

the name Matrix Keypad. According to this keypad, In order to find the key being

pressed the keypad need to be scanned by making rows as i/p and columns as output or

vice versa.

This Keypad is used in places where one needs to connect more no. of keys with

less no. of data lines.

Linear Keypad

This Keypad got ‘n’ no. of keys connected to ‘n’ data lines of microcontroller.

This Keypad is used in places where one needs to connect less no. of keys. Generally, in

Linear Keypads one end of the switch is connected to Microcontroller (Configured as i/p)

and other end of the switch is connected to the common ground. So whenever a key of Linear

Keypad is pressed the logic on the microcontroller pin will go LOW.

Here in this project, a linear keypad is used with switches connected in a serial

manner. Linear keypad is used in this project because it takes less no. of port pins. The

Linear Keypad with 4 Keys is shown below.



Fig 4.11 Linear Keypad

Working process

The project “Design of ATM terminal based on finger print recognition” is used to provide

the high security for ATM access. The project will use ARM7 TDMI-S based NXP’s (national

semiconductors and Philips) LPC 2148 microcontroller in LQFP (Liquid Quad Flat package)

with 64 pins. The Power requirement of LPC2148 Microcontroller is 3.3VDC and VSS ground.

The power supply for the LPC2148 is produced by using available 1 Φ 230VAC with the

help of conversion AC to DC supply which includes four most basic steps of step down the

available power to required level of power supply, Rectification of 1Φ supply to the pulsated DC

supply, filtering of Pulsated DC supply to non regulated DC supply and then through regulator a

pure regulated DC supply is produced.

This project mainly consists of the LPC2148 microcontroller, GSM modem, and

Fingerprint Module and ATM terminal with key pad. The fingerprint module is used to enroll the



fingerprint and verification of the finger tips of that person. This can also be used to identify the

person’s fingerprint, which is already stored in the database. The fingerprint module is connected

to the microcontroller using the serial communication port UART0.GSM module is connected to

the microcontroller using the serial communication port UART1. The fingerprint module

consists of the finger print scanner and the driver circuit for the fingerprint.

Every person is given with a unique account number and password for that account. Each

and every person has to enter the account number which is stored in the database (EEPROM). If

the entered account number is matched with the existed account, it will request for the password

to access that account. If the entered account number is wrong, it will buzz the buzzer. If the

entered account number and the entered password are correct, it will request for the finger print

verification.

If the entered password and the account number are not matched then microcontroller

will send a message to the account holder with the GSM technology. If the finger print of that

person is matched with the details of that account, then that person will be able to do the ATM

transactions like balance check, mini statement, deposit and withdrawal. If the finger print of that

person is not matched then microcontroller will send a message to the account holder with the

GSM technology.

The ATM terminal is constructed as in general. The balance checking, Deposit required

amount, the withdrawal amount and mini statement. The result of that transaction is stored in the

EEPROM for the further transactions.

This project useful for the advanced security for the ATM transactions and also for the

Locker system.



5 SOFTWARE

5.1 KEIL SOFTWARE

It is possible to create the source files in a text editor such as Notepad, run the Compiler on

each C source file, specifying a list of controls, run the Assembler on each Assembler source file,

specifying another list of controls, run either the Library Manager or Linker (again specifying a

list of controls) and finally running the Object-HEX Converter to convert the Linker output file

to an Intel Hex File. Once that has been completed the Hex File can be downloaded to the target

hardware and debugged. Alternatively KEIL can be used to create source files; automatically

compile, link and covert using options set with an easy to use user interface and finally simulate

or perform debugging on the hardware with access to C variables and memory. Unless you have

to use the tolls on the command line, the choice is clear. KEIL Greatly simplifies the process of

creating and testing an embedded application.

Simulator/Debugger

The simulator/ debugger in KEIL can perform a very detailed simulation of a micro

controller along with external signals. It is possible to view the precise execution time of a single

assembly instruction, or a single line of C code, all the way up to the entire application, simply

by entering the crystal frequency. A window can be opened for each peripheral on the device,

showing the state of the peripheral. This enables quick trouble shooting of mis-configured

peripherals. Breakpoints may be set on either assembly instructions or lines of C code, and

execution may be stepped through one instruction or C line at a time. The contents of all the

memory areas may be viewed along with ability to find specific variables. In addition the

registers may be viewed allowing a detailed view of what the microcontroller is doing at any

point in time.



ARM Software

About Keil ARM

1. Click on the Keil u Vision3 Icon on Desktop

2. The following fig will appear

3.Click on the Project menu from the title bar

4.Then Click on New Project



5. Save the Project by typing suitable project name with no extension in u r own folder sited in either C:\ or D:\



6. Then Click on Save button above.

7. Select the component for u r project. i.e.NXP……

8. Click on the + Symbol beside of NXP



9.Select LPC2148 as shown below.



10.Then Click on “OK”

11.The Following fig will appear



12. Then Click YES

13. Now your project is ready to USE

14. Now double click on the Target1, you would get another option “Source group 1” as

shown in next page.



15. Click on the file option from menu bar and select “new”



16.The next screen will be as shown in next page, and just maximize it by double clicking on its blue boarder.



17.Now start writing program in either in “C” or “ASM”

18.For a program written in Assembly, then save it with extension “. asm” and for “C”

based program save it with extension “ .C”



19.Now right click on Source group 1 and click on “Add files to Group Source”



20.Now you will get another window, on which by default “C” files will appear



21. Now select as per your file extension given while saving the file

22. Click only one time on option “ADD”

23. Now Press function key F7 to compile. Any error will appear if so happen.



24. If the file contains no error, then press Control+F5 simultaneously.

25. The new window is as follows



26. Then Click “OK”

27. Now Click on the Peripherals from menu bar, and check your required port as shown in

Fig below



29.Drag the port a side and click in the program file



29.Now keep Pressing function key “F11” slowly and observe.

30.You are running your program successfully



6.CONCLUSION

The project “ Design of ATM Terminal Based On Fingerprint Recognition” has been

successfully designed and tested.

Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of

every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of

the unit.

Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the

project has been successfully implemented.



7.REFERENCES

The 8051 Micro controller and EmbeddedSystems

-Muhammad Ali Mazidi Janice Gillispie Mazidi

The 8051 Micro controller Architecture,Programming & Applications

-Kenneth J.Ayala

Micro processor Architecture, Programming& Applications

-Ramesh S.Gaonkar

Wireless Communications Theodore S. Rappaport

Mobile Tele Communications William C.Y. Lee

References on the Web

http://www.garmin.com/products/gps35

http://www.alldatasheet.com

http://www.mathworks.com

http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf

http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10139.pdf


http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf

http://www.mathworks.com/

http://www.garmin.com/products/gps35


APPENDIX

A.Source Code

/***** HEADER FILES ****/

#include <LPC214x.H>

#include"lcdheader.h"

#include"new_finger.h"

/*****functions declaration*****/

void init_serial2 (void);

void init_serial (void);

/****variables****/

unsigned int mask1=0x00000000;

unsigned char a,flag,ID,ID_H,ID_L,D_LEN,CMD,scan_flag;

unsigned char byte1[50],value;

char *accno,*passwd,person;

/*****interrupts******/

/***GSM MODEM***/

void serialint1 (void)__irq

{

if(U1IIR==0x00000004 ){byt[u]=U1RBR;u=u+1;

}



VICVectAddr=0X00000000;

}

/*****FINGER PRINT MODULE****/

void serialint2 (void)__irq

{

if(U0IIR==0x00000004 | U0IIR==0x00000005 )

{ byte1[a]=U0RBR;a=a+1;

} flag=1;

VICVectAddr=0X00000000;

}

/*****main program*****/

int main(void)

{ unsigned char i='1';

PINSEL0|= 0x00050005;

IODIR0|=0x001F0000;

IOSET0|=0x001F0000;

init();i2cInit();

init_serial2 (); init_serial ();



a=0;u=0;

LCDstr("FINGERPRINT BASE",0x80);

LCDstr(" BANKING SYSTEM ",0xC0);

gap(300);

mask=IOPIN0 & 0x00080000; //delete sw-p0.19

mask1=IOPIN0 & 0x00020000; //enrolling sw-p0.17

if(mask1==0x00000000)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("ENROLLING ",0x80);a=0;flag=0;

GSM_IMAGE();//enrolling

gap(100);

while(flag!=1);

{flag=0;a=0;

if(byte1[9]==0x00)LCDstr("sucess image",0xc0);

else if(byte1[9]==0x01)LCDstr("receive error",0xc0);

else if(byte1[9]==0x02)LCDstr("no image",0xc0);

else if(byte1[9]==0x03)LCDstr("input not success",0xc0);

memset(byte1,'\0',sizeof(byte1));

}



gap(400);lcdcmd(0x01); GSM_CHAR(); //convert to character

gap(200);

if(flag==1 ){flag=0;a=0;

if (byte1[9] == 0x00){ lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("ENTER ID_NO:",0xc0);

while(1){

mask=IOPIN0 & 0x00060000;

if(mask==0x00040000){lcdcmd(0xcd);i++;if(i>0x35)i=0x31;lcddata(i);gap1(9000);} if(mask==0x00020000)

{value=i-0x30;break;}

}STORE_CHAR(value);gap(200);flag=0;a=0;}

else{lcdcmd(0x01); LCDstr(" INVALID ",0xc0);}

}gap(30);}

if(mask==0x00000000)

{flag=0;a=0;DELETE_ALL();//to delete all id's

lcdcmd(0x01); LCDstr("DELETING...",0x80);gap(200);

if(flag==1 ){flag=0;a=0;

if (byte1[9] == 0x00){ LCDstr("ALL DATA DELETED",0xc0);gap(500);lcdcmd(0x01); }

} }


a=0; flag=0;

while(1)



{

lable:LCDstr("BANKING SYSTEM: ",0x80);gap(200);lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("ENTER ACC-NO:",0x80);

accno=switches();

if(!(strcmp(accno,"123"))){person='1';}

else if(!(strcmp(accno,"234"))){person='2';}

else if(!(strcmp(accno,"345"))){person='3';}

else {lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr(accno,0x80);LCDstr("WRONG ACC-NO",0xc0);gap(500);

init_b ;BUZZER_ON();gap(200);BUZZER_OFF();

gsm_send("WRONG ACC_NO","919885379047");lcdcmd(0x01);goto lable;}

lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("ENTER PASSWORD:",0x80);

passwd=switches();

if((!(strcmp(passwd,"111")))& person=='1'){LCDstr("PERSON1",0xc0);}

else if((!(strcmp(passwd,"222")))& person=='2'){LCDstr("PERSON2",0xc0);}

else if((!(strcmp(passwd,"333")))& person=='3'){LCDstr("PERSON3",0xc0);}

else {lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr(passwd,0x80);LCDstr("WRONG PASSWD",0xc0);gap(500);


gsm_send("WRONG PASSWORD","919885379047");lcdcmd(0x01);goto lable;}

finger: LCDstr(" KEEP FINGER & ",0x80);LCDstr(" PRESS THE ENT ",0xc0);

mask1=0x00100000 &IOPIN0;

gap(20);



if(mask1==0x00000000){ lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("TO IDENTIFY",0x80);a=0;flag=0;

IDENTIFY();//finger identification

gap(100); while(flag!=1);flag=0;a=0;

if(byte1[9]==0x00){

if( byte1[11]==0x01 & person=='1')LCDstr("PERSON1",0xc0);

else if( byte1[11]==0x02& person=='2')LCDstr("PERSON2",0xc0);

else if( byte1[11]==0x03& person=='3')LCDstr("PERSON3",0xc0);

else

{lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("INVALID PERSON",0x80);gap(500);


lcddata(byte1[11]+0x30);gap(200);

gsm_send("INVALID PERSON","919885379047");

memset(byte1,'\0',sizeof(byte1));goto lable;

}


} else {lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("INVALID FINGER",0x80);gap(500);

init_b ;

BUZZER_ON();gap(200);BUZZER_OFF();



lcddata(byte1[11]+0x30);gap(200);

gsm_send("INVALID finger","919885379047");

memset(byte1,'\0',sizeof(byte1));goto lable;

}

}

else goto finger;

lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("SELECT OPTIONS:",0x80);gap(500);

lcdcmd(0x01);LCDstr("MINISTA WITHDRA",0x80);

LCDstr("DEPOSIT BALANCE",0xc0);

while(1){

mask=IOPIN0 &0x001E0000;

if(mask==0x001c0000){lcdcmd(0x01);mini_statement(person);break;}

if(mask==0x001a0000){lcdcmd(0x01);withdral(person); break;}

if(mask==0x00160000){lcdcmd(0x01);deposit(person); break;}

if(mask==0x000E0000){lcdcmd(0x01);balance(person); break;}

}

gap(100);lcdcmd(0x01);

}}



/****sub programs****/

void init_serial2 (void)

{ U0LCR = 0x83;

U0DLL =97;//here bard rate 9600 //for bard rate 4800 (U1DLL=0xc3 )

U0LCR = 0x03;

VICIntEnable|=0x00000040;

U0IER=0x01;

VICVectCntl1|=0x00000026;

VICVectAddr1|=(unsigned)serialint2;

} void init_serial (void)

{

//PINSEL0 = 0x00040000;

U1LCR = 0x83;

U1DLL =97;//here bard rate 9600 //for bard rate 4800 (U1DLL=0xc3 )

U1LCR = 0x03;

VICIntEnable=0x00000080;

U1IER=0x01;

VICVectCntl2 =0x00000027;

VICVectAddr2=(unsigned)serialint1;

}






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