Final Report1.doc

8/18/2019 Final Report1.doc

1/56

Table of Contents: Figures

Figure 1.1: Organization Chart of K. D. Ebert And Sons Holdings (Pt! Page

"i#ited....................................................................................................$Figure 1.%: Organisation of the Pro&e't anage#ent )ea#...........................*

Figure %.1: +,,er floor ,lan of the eastern side of the building...................11

Figure %.%: A 'ross se'tion of the building....................................................1%Figure -.1: Eisting reinfor'e#ent oer the slab..........................................1/

Figure -.%: 0ire brush...................................................................................1

Figure -.-: Colu#n reinfor'e#ent................................................................1*Figure -.2: 3ar bending )able.......................................................................%4

Figure -./: dor5.............................................................................................%4Figure -.6: A Coer blo'5.............................................................................%1Figure -.$: Partiall7 'ontinued bea#............................................................%%

Figure -.: reinfor'e#ent at bea# dro, at the leel of $./ # fro# DPC.....%-

Figure -.*: reinfor'e#ent at bea# dro, at the leel of *.6/ # fro# DPC...%-Figure -.14: Pneu#ati' s'aling ha##er.......................................................%/

Figure 2.1: )urn bu'5le and thread bolt used to tighten for#8or5 boes... .%$Figure 2.%: ad&ustable steel ,ro,s..................................................................%

Figure 2.-: )e#,orar7 #ade ,lu#b bob.......................................................%*

Figure 2.2: 'la#, used to su,,ort bea# botto#s.........................................-4Figure 2./: 3ea# for#8or5 arrange#ent using ti#ber bra'es.....................-%

Figure /.1: Ele'tri'al ,o5er ibrator.............................................................-/

Figure /.%: )esting the 'ube strength of test 'ubes.......................................-*Figure /.-: 9atural slu#, of the 'on'rete.....................................................-*

Figure 6.1: 'oordinating size of the bri'5....................................................22

Figure 6.%: Arrange#ent of bri'5s along side the o,enings..........................2/Figure 6.-: ;ueen 'loser hales used at bends.............................................2/

Figure 6.2: 3ri'58or5 bet8een bea# and roofing sheets.............................26

Figure 6./: 3rea5ing line bet8een ground floor 8all and u,,er floor 8all..2

1


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Table of Contents: Tables

)able -.1: 3ars used for stirru,s at different leels.......................................%2)able 2.1: Height of for#8or5 boes used at different leels......................%6

)able 2.%: arious su,,orts used at different leels......................................-1)able /.1: aterial


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PART I

INTRODUCTION

Part = 'onsists of t8o introdu'tor7 'ha,ters:

Cha,ter 1 des'ribes histor7 and 'urrent status of the training

organization. =t also in'ludes organization 'hart of the

'onstru'tion site and training organization.

Cha,ter % gies an introdu'tion to the ,ro&e't> that the author

had his under graduate training.


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Chapter 1

1 Introduction to the Training Organization

)he organization> to 8hi'h = 8as atta'hed to undergo #7 industrial training> 8as

K. D. Ebert ? Sons Holdings Priet "i#ited. =t is an u,'o#ing 'onstru'tion fir#>

s,e'ialized in all 5inds of 'iil engineering 'onstru'tion.

1.1 History

Histor7 of the K. D. Ebert ? Sons Holdings Pt("td! etends 8a7 ba'5 to 1*/4@s.

So that it has alread7 sur,assed /4th #ilestone of its 'onstru'tion 'areer.

)he founder of this establish#ent> r. K. D. Ebert had ,ut u, the initiatie to the

'o#,an7 b7 starting to build ,re'ast 'on'rete ite#s in s#all s'ale. At that ti#e

trans,ortation of ,rodu'ts 8as done using his bullo'5 'art. He had deelo,ed his business

8ith tre#endous 'ourage and enthusias# 'onfli'ting 8ith his 'ounter,arts and e'ono#i'

dis're,an'ies.

"ater it 8as registered as K. D. Ebert ? Sons 'onstru'tions. )hen it had started

renoation &obs and s#all s'ale 'onstru'tion. Sin'e then 'o#,an7 had gro8n graduall7>

and in 1*** it had been 'hanged to a fa#il7 o8ned li#ited liabilit7 'o#,an7> registered

under the na#e of K. D. Ebert ? Sons Holdings Priet "i#ited.

9o8 r. Ebert has gien the 'harge of the business to his sons. A#ong his sons r.

=ndi5a has #ainl7 inoled in the ad#inistratie 8or5 as the #anaging dire'tor of the

'o#,an7.

)he 'o#,an7 had earned lot of ,rofits b7 doing the renoation 8or5 and the7 5ee, on

doing the#.

Currentl7 the 'o#,an7 underta5es large s'ale 'iil engineering 'onstru'tions and has

rea'hed % state of the building 'onstru'tion.


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1.2 General Information

Name of the company : K.D.Ebert ? Sons Holdings Priet "i#ited.

ea! Office : 9o. /21> adi8ela road> E#buldeni7a> 9ugegoda.

"ranch Office : 9o. %44> High "eel Boad> aharaga#a.

Type of company : Priet li#ited liabilit7.

Nature of business : Ciil engineering 'onstru'tion.

ICTAD gra!ing of the company : % 3uilding 'onstru'tion.

: 2 High8a7 'onstru'tion.

: / 0ater su,,l7 and drainage.

: / 3ridges.

1.3 Field of Activities

Currentl7 'o#,an7 has inoled in arious di#ensions of the 'iil engineering

field. )hus there is a ast diersit7 in the 'onstru'tion 8or5 of the 'o#,an7. Ke7 areas of

the 'o#,an7 inole#ent in'lude

3uilding 'onstru'tion.

Fa'tor7 and 8arehouse 'onstru'tion.

"and deelo,#ent.

High8a7 'onstru'tion.

0ater su,,l7 and treat#ent s7ste#.

Se8erage and 8aste 8ater dis,osal s7ste#.

Benoation and #aintenan'e 8or5.


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1.4 Construction Projects Bein !nder Construction

=nstitute of ole'ular 3iolog7> +niersit7 of Colo#bo.

Can'er hos,ital> Kara,iti7a.

a'hiner7 3uilding> A7uredi' Hos,ital> Ba&agiri7a.

Head Offi'e 3uilding> Co'onut Deelo,#ent Authorit7> 3aththara#ulla.

Ad#inistratie 3uilding> inistr7 of S,orts> Colo#bo$.

Housing Co#,le> $*$ 0aththa> Colo#bo 14.

Hos,ital 3uilding> Kinse7 Boad> Colo#bo .

edi'al Fa'ult7 3uilding> +niersit7 of Kelani7a> Baga#a.

)hese are the #ain building stru'tures 'urrentl7 being under 'onstru'tion. )here

are also large no. of renoation &obs being under ,rogress. )hose in'lude 8or5s at the

#ost of the general hos,itals and 'ourts in Sri "an5a.

1." #taff of t$e %rani&ation and '$eir (uties.

)he #anage#ent staff of this 'o#,an7 'onsists of


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Figure #$#: Organization Chart of K. D. Ebert And Sons Holdings (Pt! "i#ited

A$ "OARD OF

DIR%CTOR&

"$ 'ANA(IN(

DIR%CTOR

C#$ (%NARA) 'ANA(%R

#$ PRO*%CT COORDINATION

+$ CON&TRUCTION 'ANA(%'%NT

,$ CONTRACT AD'INI&TRATION

-$ .UATIT/ &UR0%/IN(

C+$ ADDITIONA) (%N%RA) 'ANA(%R

#$ FINANC%

+$ AD'INI&TRATION

,$ D%0%)OP'%NT

-$ R%CRUITIN(

1$ TRAININ(

D#$ CI%F

.UANTI/

&UR0%/OR

D+$ PRO*%CT

'ANA(%R

D,$ 'ANA(%R

AD'INI&TRATION

TRAININ(

DI0I&ION

&UPP)I%&

DI0I&ION

TRAN&POR

DI0I&ION

D-$ 'ANA(%R

#$ '%CANICA)

+$ &%CURIT/

,$ 'O"I)%

.$&$

DI0I&ION

%#$&IT% %N(IN%%R

F#$ T%CNICA)

OFFIC%R

(#$ &UP%R0I&OR


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1.5.1 Professional Staff of the Organisation

Charted engineers

Engineers

;uantit7 sure7ors

)e'hni'al offi'ers

0or5 su,erisors

Eer7 ,ro&e't of the 'o#,an7 is assigned to a ,ro&e't #anage#ent tea# under a

,ro&e't #anager. )he ,ro&e't #anage#ent tea# is dire'tl7 res,onsible to the 'o#,an7 for

the su''essful ee'ution of the ,ro&e't.

)he 'o#,osition of the ,ro&e't #anage#ent tea# de,ends on the size and the

nature of the ,ro&e't. 3ut genera organization of the ,ro&e't #anage#ent tea# 'an be

sho8n as gien belo8.


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Figure #$+: Organisation of the Pro&e't anage#ent )ea#

PBOEC)

A9AEB

S=)E

E9=9EEB

)ECH9=CA"

OFF=CEB

;+A9)=)G

S+BAGOB S+PEB=SOB

(E"EC)B=CA"!S+PEB=SOB

CABPE9)BG

S+PEB=SOB

(P"+3=9!

ASO9S

A9D

+9SK=""ED

"A3O+BS

E"EC)B=C=A9S

A9D

+9SK=""ED

"A3O+BS

SK=""ED

A9D

+9SK=""ED

"A3O+BS

P"+3EBS

A9D

+9SK=""ED

"A3O+BS

S)OBE

KEEPEB

"A3O+B

)ECH9=CA"

OFF=CEB

S+PEB=SOB

(ASO9BG!


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Chapter 2

2 Introduction to the Project

Pro&e't : 3alan'e 0or5 at a'hiner7 3uilding> A7uredi' Hos,ital>

3orella.

Contra'tor : K.D. Ebert ? Sons Holdings (Pt! "td.

Client : A7uredi' Hos,ital> 3orella

Consultant : De,art#ent of 3uildings

Contra't alue : .4 #illion

Date of 'o##en'e#ent : %41%%44%

Pro&e't duration : * 'alendar #onths

S'o,e of the 8or5 :

a'hiner7 building of the A7uredi' hos,ital is to be used for #a'hiner7 8or5

and stores.

• +,,er floor #a'hiner7 a,art#ents

• round floor stores

)he ,ro&e't inoled 'onstru'tion 8or5 at the u,,er floor in'luding stru'tural 8or5>

finishing 8or5 and roof 8or5. )here 8as also 8ater su#, to be 'onstru'ted under the

ground.


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round floor stru'tural 8or5 and ground floor finishes 8ere done b7 t8o disti't

'ontra'tors. As the third stage of the ,ro&e't this 'ontra't had been a8arded to K. D. Ebert

? Sons Holdings (Pt! "td.

Figure +$,: +,,er floor ,lan of the eastern side of the building

As sho8n in figure +$#> there is a 'orridor at the 'enter of the building and

stores reside along side the 'orridor.

Figure +$-: A 'ross se'tion of the building

High roof ,art of the building is to be 'onstru'ted to dis,erse the s#o5e freed

fro# the #a'hines. )here are ent o,enings to be ,la'ed to sere that ,ur,ose. )he s#o5e

freed fro# the o,enings at the to, of the #a'hiner7 a,art#ents are to be 'olle'ted to the

s,a'e oer the 'eiling. )hen that s#o5e is to be dis,ersed through the ent o,enings

,la'ed at the to, of the 8all of the 'enter ,ortion of the building. (see figure +$+!

Figure +$1:


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PART II

CON&TRUCTION '%TOD&

Part == 'onsists of four 'ha,ters on 'onstru'tion #ethods:

Cha,ter - des'ribes 'onstru'tion #ethods follo8ed during the

ere'tion of reinfor'e#ent at the site.

Cha,ter 2 des'ribes 'onstru'tion #ethods follo8ed during the

ti#e of ere'tion of for#8or5 at the site.

Cha,ter / des'ribes 'onstru'tion #ethods follo8ed during the

'on'reting 8or5 at the site

Cha,ter 6 des'ribes 'onstru'tion #ethods follo8ed 8hile

doing the bri'5 8or5 and ,lastering 8or5.


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Chapter 3

3 Reinforceent

Beinfor'e#ent 8as #ainl7 'arried out at 'olu#ns and bea#s.

3.1 Columns

3.1.1 O!er!ie"

=n 'olu#ns there 8as eisting reinfor'e#ent u, to %144 ## fro# the slab leel.

(See figure ,$#!

Figure ,$2: Eisting reinfor'e#ent oer the slab

%144 ##

G16 bars

Slableel


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)here 8as a %44## bri'5 la7er along the outer ,eri#eter of the slab 8hi'h 8as

done b7 the ,reious 'ontra'tor. =n order to fi 5i'5ers> i'init7 of the 'olu#n ,ositions

of the bri'5 la7er 8as de#olished.

As ,reiousl7 #entioned there had been a lea5age in the slab> finished b7 the

for#er 'ontra'tor. )herefore 'hi, 'on'rete la7er had been ,la'ed oer the slab b7 hi#.

3ut slab 8as not ,ro,erl7 leeled. )herefore in order to fi 5i'5ers 'hi, 'on'rete la7er>

#entioned aboe had to be re#oed for so#e etent.

3.1.2 Setting Out

Setting out 8as started fro# a referen'e ,oint. A 'olu#n> 8hi'h had been

finished oer the slab leel 8as ta5en as the referen'e. =nitiall7 it 8as atte#,ted to do the

setting out using theodolite> a''ording to the ,lan. +nfortunatel7 it 8as not su''essful as

there 8as a signifi'ant differen'e bet8een the ,ositions of the 'olu#ns done b7 the

for#er 'ontra'tor and 'orres,onding ,ositions on the ,lan.

)hus after ta5ing the 'onsultant@s a,,roal> 'olu#n ,ositions 8ere

,rodu'ed to the to, using ,lu#b bob to retain the erti'alit7. As outer ,eri#eter 'olu#ns

had alread7 been ,lastered> 1/## 8as dedu'ted fro# releant sides for ,laster thi'5ness.

)hus 5i'5er ,ositions of outer ,eri#eter 'olu#ns 8ere #ar5ed

=n order to ta5e 'orre't leels and #easure#ents 1444## line 8as #ar5ed on

the ea'h 'olu#n reinfor'e#ent.


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3.1.3 #easureents and construction

Beinfor'e#ent 8as 'arried out starting fro# eisting leel of reinfor'e#ent. )he

reinfor'e#ent to be ere'ted 8as 'al'ulated as follo8s

Beinfor'e#ent to be ere'ted starting fro# slab leel I h1

Eisting reinfor'e#ent height I h%

"a, length I "

Beinfor'e#ent length to be ere'ted I h1 h% J "

" I 2/ > I Dia#eter of the Beinfor'e#ent

Beinfor'e#ent bars 8ere 'ut allo8ing #ini#u# 8astage as ,ossible.

Be#aining ,art of Beinfor'e#ent 8as al8a7s used for another ,la'e. )hus a''ording to a

bar s'hedule ,ro,er ,lan of 'utting Beinfor'e#ent 8as ,re,ared and labourers 8ereinstru'ted a''ording to that.

First eisting Beinfor'e#ent 8as 8ire brushed. 3e'ause there had been

'onsiderable ti#e sin'e the eisting Beinfor'e#ent had been ere'ted. )hus there 8as lot

of rust in the Beinfor'e#ent. )hus signifi'ant labour for'e 8as s,ent for 8ire brushing

Figure ,$3: 0ire brush

(As 7ou 'an see 8ire brush has steel fibers fied in a 8ooden shan5!

As 8ire brushing ite# 8as not in'luded in the 3O; itself> it 8as added to the

bill as an etra 8or5 ite#. Prior to starting the 8ire brushing> a,,roal 8as ta5en fro# the

'onsultant through an etra 8or5 a,,roali for#.

i See A,,endi C


16/56

At the to, of the 'olu#n it 8as an'hored in to the 'olu#n> bending

,er,endi'ularl7. ( See figure ,$,!

Figure ,$4: Colu#n reinfor'e#ent

,$#$,$# &tirrups

For 'olu#ns G14 stirru,s 8ere used.

0idth and length of stirru,s 8ere 'al'ulated dedu'ting 'oer of the

reinfor'e#ent fro# the size of the finished 'on'rete 'olu#n.

Coer for the 'olu#n reinfor'e#ent I 24 ##

9et length of bar used to bend stirru,s I % (8 J l! J %4d

An'horage

length

"a, length

9et bar

length


17/56

)he stirru,s 8ere bent using the bar bending tool> sho8n in figure ,$-.

Figure ,$5: 3ar bending )able

As it 8as #entioned under ,$#$+> eisting reinfor'e#ent had to be re,ositioned.

As it 'ould gie 8a7 to redu'tion of strength> there 8as initial ob&e'tion fro# the

'onsultant. After so#e dis'ussion> 'onsultant agreed for that> as there 8ere no an7 other

alternatie.

Beinfor'e#ent 8as re,ositioned using a s,e'ial tool 'alled Ldor5@. (See figure

,$1!

14 ##

)or steel bar Steel L"@ angle

3ar bending

table


18/56

Figure ,$#6: dor5

,$#$,$+ Co7er of Reinforcement

Coer of reinfor'e#ent 8as ,resered b7 #eans of 'oer blo'5s. )he 'oer

blo'5s 8ere fied around the reinfor'e#ent ,rior to fiing for#8or5 boes. 24## 'oer

blo'5s 8ere used for 'olu#ns. (See figure ,$2!

Figure ,$##: A Co7er bloc8

3.2 Beams

3.2.1 O!er!ie"

As there 8ere no slabs inoled in the 'onstru'tion> bea# 8as an essential

,art of the 'onstru'tion. "ots of dis,utes 8ere arisen during the 'onstru'tion of the

bea#s. 3ea#s 8hi'h 8ere done b7 the ,reious 'ontra'tor 8ere 2/4## dee,. 3ut

a''ording to the dra8ings the7 8ere to be onl7 -$/## dee,.

At the so#e ,arts of the building> 'ontinuation of bea#s had been done u,

to 1- of the total bea# length. (See figure ,$3! As the7 8ere 2/4## dee,> the7 8ere

'ontinued u, to net 'olu#n and dro,,ed to the de,th of -$/##.

Con'rete

'ube

3inding

8ires


19/56

Figure ,$#+: Partially continue! beam

3.2.2 #easureent and Construction

So#e dis'ussions 8ere gone on 8hether to 'arr7 on botto# leel or the to,

leel of the bea# as the sa#e. At the leel of $./ # fro# DPC> bea# botto# leel had

been ta5en as to, of the 8indo8 leel u, to ,reiousl7 'o#,leted ,art. )hus if the bea#

botto# leel had been 'hanged> further 'ost and ti#e 8ould hae been s,ent for

additional lintels. For these reasons it 8as de'ided to 'arr7 on the bea# botto# leel as

the sa#e leel. Ho8eer at the leel of *.6/ # fro# DPC to, leel of the bea# 'ontinued

as the sa#e.

)o ta5e the ,re'ise bea# botto# leel> ,artiall7 'ontinued bea# 8as ta5en as

the referen'e. Een though a 'ertain bea# leel 8as indi'ated as *.-4# fro# D.P.C.> leel

of the ,artiall7 finished ,ortion of that bea# 8as built at *.6/ # fro# D.P.C. )hus to

,resere the 'ontinuit7> bea# leel 8as ta5en as the sa#e as the finished leel.

3ea# 'ontinued u, to 1- of bea#

length


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As ,reiousl7 #entioned> bea# sizes 8ere dro,,ed at 'ertain ,la'es. At these

,la'es> reinfor'e#ent 8as ere'ted as sho8n figure ,$4 and figure ,$5.

Figure ,$#,: reinfor'e#ent at bea# dro, at the leel of $./ # fro# DPC

3ea# botto# leel 8as 'ontinued as the sa#e leel. )o, leel of the bea# 8as dro,,ed.

Figure ,$#-: reinfor'e#ent at bea# dro, at the leel of *.6/ # fro# DPC

)o, leel of the bea# 8as 'ontinued as the sa#e leel. 3otto# leel of the bea# 8as dro,,ed.

- G16 'ontinued u, to 1- of bea# length

$/ ##

- G16 in ea'h

- G16 'ontinued u, to

1- of length

$/ ## - G16 in ea'h


21/56

"ongitudinal se'tional dra8ings or bar s'hedules had not been su,,lied b7

'onsultants. )hus bar s'hedules had to be ,re,ared b7 the 'ontra'tor hi#self. 0hen

,re,aring the bar s'hedules> hogging and sagging effe't 8as greatl7 'onsidered.

Considering bending #o#ent diagra#> botto# reinfor'e#ent is #ainl7

designed to ta5e sagging effe't. )hus no la,s 8ere ,la'ed at the #iddle 1- of the botto#

reinfor'e#ent.

)o, reinfor'e#ent is #ainl7 designed to ta5e the hogging effe't. )hus no la,s

8ere ,la'ed at the first and last 1- of the to, reinfor'e#ent.

And ea'h bar of the to, or botto# reinfor'e#ent 8as staggered to ea'h other.

0hen ,re,aring the bar bending s'hedule #ini#u# 8astage 8as i##ensel7

'onsidered. =t 8as a tre#endous e,erien'e to ,re,are the bar bending s'hedule for these

bea#s.

At the bea# and 'olu#n &un'tions> reinfor'e#ent arrange#ent 8as 'arefull7

,lanned.

,$+$+$# &tirrups

)here 8ere t8o t7,es of bars used for stirru,s.

Height of bea# leel fro#

D.P.C.)7,e of bar used for stirru,s

$./#G14

*.6/#G14

11.//# B6

Table ,$#: 3ars used for stirru,s at different leels

B6 bars trans,orted to the site as rollers. )hus the7 8ere 'ut to the ,ro,er size

and straightened.


22/56

,$+$+$+ Disputes an! &olutions

Certain bea#s> 8hi'h should hae been 'ontinued> had not been 'ontinued u, to

1- of the bea# length b7 the ,reious 'ontra'tor. )herefore there 8as no 8a7 to ,resere

the 'ontinuit7 of the reinfor'e#ent. )hus 'on'rete 8as 'hi,,ed u, to 'ertain etent

(%44## of length! using the ele'tri'al ha##er and reinfor'e#ent 8as inserted.

Figure ,$#1: Pneu#ati' s'aling ha##er

Chapter $


23/56

$ %or"or&

4.1 %vervie)

Pl78ood sheet 8as the #aterial used for for#8or5. Sheets 8ere ,rote'ted fro#the sunlight and the #oisture> in order to ,reent the shrin5age and s8elling effe't of the

ti#ber. %MN%M ti#ber 8as used to su,,ort the ,l78ood sheets.

For#8or5 8as ,re,ared and fied for 'olu#ns and bea#s at the site.

4.2 Column Form)or*

$.2.1 Size of the %or"or&

Pl78ood sheets are #anufa'tured in 2N size. )herefore to restri't the 8astage

of ti#ber> for#8or5 boes of height of either 2 or 8ere #ade. Sheets 8ere torn in

ensuring #ini#u# 8astage.

Een though so#e dis'ussion 8as gone on segregation of 'on'rete> eentuall7

a,,roal 8as gien for the @ high for#8or5.

Table -$+: Height of for#8or5 boes used at different leels

Starting height of

the leel fro#DPC

9et height of 'olu#n to be

'onstru'ted bet8een bea#s

For#8or5 boes

Height 9u#ber of boes

-.* # -.1/ #

@ 1

2@ 1

$./ # 1.$$/ 2@ %

*.6/ # 1./%/ /@ -M 1


24/56

Table -$# sho8s the different sizes of for#8or5 boes used at different leels.

At the ti#e of doing 'olu#n for#8or5 at *.6/# fro# DPC there 8as a dela7 a''ording

to the 'onstru'tion ,rogra##e. )herefore it 8as de'ided to use for#8or5 boes of

#entioned size although the7 8ere not reusable.

$.2.2 Tightening the for"or&

First iron bars 8ere tightened to the for#8or5 boes using nails and binding

8ires. )hree iron bars 8ere used for one 8ider side. Subse the7 8ere tightened at

three different heights using turn bu'5les and thread bolts. (See figure -$#!

Figure -$#2: )urn bu'5le and thread bolt used to tighten for#8or5 boes

)hread 3olt

)urn 3u'5le


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$.2.3 Supporting the %or"or&

Colu#n for#8or5 8as su,,orted using ad&ustable steel ,ro,s. )he7 8ere 5no8n

as a'ro8 &a'5s at the site. (See figure -$+!

Figure -$#3: ad&ustable steel ,ro,s

Steel &a'5s 8ere fied around the 'olu#n for#8or5 and the7 8ere ad&usted

8hen 'he'5ing the erti'alit7.

For 'olu#n for#8or5 boes oer the $./# leel fro# DPC> there 8ere no

surfa'e to ,osition &a'5s on t8o of the four sides around the#. )hus .=. ,i,es and

arious su,,orts for &a'5s 8ere used for this ,ur,ose.

rease 8as a,,lied oer the internal surfa'es of the for#8or5 boes ,rior to

fiing the#. )his 8as done to fa'ilitate the eas7 re#oal of for#8or5.


26/56

$.2.$ Chec&ing the 'erticalit( and the Shape

Si te#,oraril7 #ade ,lu#b bobs (See figure -$,! 8ere sus,ended

around the for#8or5 bo. )hen the distan'e fro# the for#8or5 bo 8as 'he'5ed at the

to, and the botto# of the for#8or5 bo. )he steel &a'5s 8ere ad&usted until these

distan'es be'a#e e


27/56

4.3 Beam Form)or*

$.3.1 %i)ing and *e!eling +ea +ottos

First 'la#,s for bea# botto#s 8ere fied on the surfa'e of the 'olu#ns at the

'orre't leel. (See figure -$-! "eels 8ere #easured fro# the 1444## leel 8hi'h 8as

#ar5ed on the 'olu#n ,reiousl7.

Figure -$#5: 'la#, used to su,,ort bea# botto#s

)he sizes of bea# botto#s 8ere #easured fro# 'olu#n to 'olu#n and the7

8ere #ade a''ording to those #easure#ents.

3ea#s 8ere su,,orted #ostl7 using steel &a'5s at the leel of $./# fro#

DPC. )i#ber ,ro,s 8ere o''asionall7 used. 3ut for bea#s aboe that leel> it 8as not

,ossible to use steel &a'5s be'ause of the less height in bet8een bea#s. Table -$+ sho8s

the arious su,,orts used at different bea# leels.


28/56

Height of bea#leel fro# D.P.C.

Height bet8een'onse'utie bea#s

)7,e of su,,ort used for bea# for#8or5

$./# -.1/4# Steel &a'5s and ti#ber

,ro,s

*.6/# 1.$/4#> 1.$$/# )i#ber ,ro,s

11.//# 1./%/# )i#ber ,ro,s

Table -$,: arious su,,orts used at different leels

)o ,resere the stabilit7 of the for#8or5> &a'5s 8ere ,la'ed at eer7 1./@ length.

-$,$#$# )e7eling beam bottoms

A string 8as dra8n along the 'orre't leel of the bea# and bea# botto#s 8ere

leeled a''ording to that. 0hile bea# botto#s 8ere leeling> 'ross heads of &a'5s 8ere

nailed and the7 8ere 'orre'tl7 ,ositioned 5ee,ing 8edges under the &a'5.

$.3.2 %i)ing and *e!eling Side +oards

Side boards 8ere #ade in % different sizes. One 8as for 2/4## dee, bea#s and

one 8as for -$/## dee, bea#s.

Certain ,artiall7 'ontinued bea#s done b7 ,reious 'ontra'tor had gone a8r7.)hus the7 had to be 'hi,,ed in order to fi side boards.

A string 8as dra8n along the 'orre't leel and side boards 8ere aligned in the

horizontal dire'tion as 8ell as the erti'al dire'tion. )hen the7 8ere nailed. At the ,la'es

8here ,artiall7 'ontinued bea#s o''u,ied> side boards 8ere nailed to the eisting ,ortion

of the bea#.

For#8or5 su,,orts 8ere nailed 8ell to ,reent the #oe#ent of the for#8or5

8hen ibrating the 'on'rete.


29/56

-$,$+$# &upports for si!e boar!s

3ea# for#8or5 at different leels 8as done b7 t8o different sub 'ontra'tors.

=n the bea# for#8or5 done b7 first sub 'ontra'tor> side

su,,orts 8ere ,roided using ti#ber bra'es. ( See figure -$1!

Figure -$+6: 3ea# for#8or5 arrange#ent using ti#ber bra'es

=n the bea# for#8or5 done b7 se'ond sub 'ontra'tor> side

su,,orts 8ere ,roided using steel &a'5s.

Finall7 ties 8ere nailed at eer7 1@ of the to, of the for#8or5 to ,roide #ore

stabilit7.


30/56

Chapter 5

5 Concreting

".1 %vervie)

Con'reting 8as #ainl7 done in 'olu#ns and bea#s. A''ording to the 3O;>

1:%:2 'on'rete had to be used for 'on'reting of both 'olu#ns and bea#s.

".2 +aterials

Ce#ent> sand and 'oarse aggregates ('o##onl7 re'ognized as #etal at the site!

are the basi' #aterials re


31/56

Be 'onstru'ted at the site

,re#ises. 0ater re 'on'reting 8as ,ro,erl7 organized to aoid the segregation.


32/56

5.$.1 'i-rating

A #ethodi'al ibration ,ro'edure 8as follo8ed for 'on'reting of M high

'olu#ns. First 8ater and grout 8ere ,oured res,e'tiel7 in to the bo to obtain a good

finish. )hen 'on'rete 8as ,oured u, to about -@ height and ibrated using ,o5er ibrator.

(See figure /.1! As there 8as a long horse fied to the ,o5er ibrator> it 8as al8a7s

,ossible to insert to su'h a de,th. )hen 'on'rete 8as ,ored again and ibrated. Sa#e

,ro'edure 8as i#,le#ented at 6@ height.

Figure 1$+#: Ele'tri'al ,o5er ibrator

erti'alit7 8as 'he'5ed again after the 'on'reting 8as

finished. =f there 8ere an7 #oe#ent> releant ad&ust#ents of the

&a'5s 8ere #ade.

5.$.2 isantling of %or"or&

For#8or5 8as re#oed one da7 after 'on'reting. As grease had been a,,lied

oer the internal surfa'e of the for#8or5> it 8as able to re#oe the for#8or5 easil7 and

s#oothl7.

5.$.3 Curing


33/56

On'e the for#8or5 8as re#oed> 'uring 8as started. Pol7thene 'oers 8ere

tightened around the 'olu#n and 8ater 8as ,oured dail7. )hus there 8as al8a7s #oisture

around the 'olu#n surfa'e.

"." Beam concretin

A''ording to 3O;> for bea# 'on'reting 1:%:2 #iture 8as to be used also

for the bea#s. Different t7,es of 'on'retes> used at different leels are gien in )able /.%.

Table 1$1: Different t7,es of 'on'retes used at different leels

ain reason for using read7 #ied 'on'rete at $./ # and *.6/ # leels fro#

DPC 8as site dela7 ,ersisted at that stage. 3ut bea# 'on'reting al8a7s gies 8a7 to

dis,utes at the site.

As there 8ere no slab to a''o#,an7 bea#s> ,roiding a ,ro,er a''ess to the

'on'reting ,eo,le 8as al8a7s a ,roble#.

)hus s'affoldings 8ere fied 8ell to fa'ilitate the safe #oe#ent of read7 #i

,u#, holder and ,eo,le 8ho do the ibrating. Additional = ,i,es 8ere fied to 'olu#nreinfor'e#ent bars> e#erging oer the bea# leel at the 'hest height of the 8or5ers. )his

bar arrange#ent hel,ed to aoid unne'essar7 e'ite#ent 8ould hae been o''urred

during the 8or5.

At $./ # leel> ,o5er ibrator 8as 'arried alone the slab and the hose 8as

'arried oer the s'affoldings. 3oth these ,arts 8ere #oed ,arallel throughout the 8or5.

3ut ,ro'edure #entioned aboe 8as not ,ossible for the bea#s at *.6/ # fro#

DPC be'ause there 8as no slab 'losel7 belo8 those bea#s. )hus een though

s'affoldings had been fied to suit the 'on'reting and ibrating 8or5> ,u#, holder and

Height of the bea# leelfro# DPC

)7,e of 'on'rete used

$./ # rade %4 read7 #i 'on'rete

*.6/ # rade %4 read7 #i 'on'rete

11.// # 1:%:2 site #ied 'on'rete


34/56

the ibrating gang of the read7 #i 'o#,an7 refused to do the ibrating 8or5. )herefore

'on'reting and ibrating 8or5 8as done b7 the sub 'ontra'tor 8ho did the shuttering and

reinfor'e#ent 8or5.

5.5.1 'i-rating

0hile ,u#, o,erator do the #oe#ent of the ,u#,> ,u#, 8as 'arried oer the

bea# b7 a ,erson e#,lo7ed b7 the sub 'ontra'tor. )he ,o5er ibrator 8as 'arried oer

the bea# 8hi'h is ,arallel to the bea# 8hi'h 8as being 'on'reted then. Person> 8ho held

the ,o5er hose #oed oer the s'affolding 'lose to bea# and did the ibrating tas5. 0or5

8as 'arried a''ording to a rh7th#.

5.5.2 Curing

Curing 8as started follo8ing da7> 'on'reting 8as finished. 0ater 8as

,oured on to the bea# and the7 8ere e,e'ted to be retained around the bea# be'ause of

the for#8or5.

".- 'ests on Concrete

3asi'all7 there 8ere t8o tests done on 'on'rete.

• Cube strength test

• Slu#, test

5./.1 Cu-e Strength Test

)est 'ubes 8ere ,re,ared using steel test 'ube #oulds. First test 'ube #oulds

8ere 'leaned 8ell and grease 8as a,,lied oer the internal surfa'es of the#. )his 8as

done to fa'ilitate the eas7 re#oal of the #ould.


35/56

Con'rete 8as ,la'ed in the standard steel #ould in - la7ers> a,,roi#atel7

/4## dee, and ea'h la7er 8as 'o#,a'ted using a steel bar of dia#eter of %/ ##. %/

stro5es 8ere a,,lied for ea'h la7er.

- 'ubes 8ere ,re,ared at the ea'h da7 'on'reting 8as done at the site. As

al8a7s #ore than one bat'h of 'on'rete 8as used> ea'h of the three 'ubes 8as ta5en fro#

different bat'hes.

)he7 8ere 5e,t for %2 hours to a'hiee the suffi'ient strength to enable the

de#oulding to be 'arried out. After de#oulded the7 8ere #ar5ed for identifi'ation>

indi'ating the grid no. of the 'olu#n or bea#> 8hi'h 8as 'on'reted using the bat'h and

the date it 8as 'ast. Subse


36/56

Figure 1$+,: 9atural slu#, of the 'on'rete

Slu#, test 8as done for 'on'rete to deter#ine the 8or5abilit7 of 'on'rete. )his

test 8as done at the both instan'es 8here the read7 #i 'on'rete 8as used. Slu#, test

e 8hi'h it had fallen> 8as #easured. )his 8as the slu#, alue of the 'on'rete and

should be in bet8een 144 and 1%/ ##.

=f this alue 8as to be out of the allo8ed range> the 'on'rete had to be re&e'ted

as it is not suitable due either e'ess or insuffi'ient 8ater 'ontent. )he a''e,tan'e letter

of 'on'rete load 8as signed b7 the engineer if onl7 the slu#, alue 8as 8ithin the range.

". +anaement of resources

anage#ent of resour'es is i#,ortant for an7 'iil engineering 8or5. 3ut

'on'rete 8or5 has etra i#,ortan'e.

As site #ied 'on'rete 8as used for 'olu#n 'on'reting> it had to be ,ro,erl7

,lanned. First Considering nu#ber of 'olu#ns to be 'on'reted> da7 to da7 'on'reting

8or5 8as ,lanned.

Height of the starting

leel fro# DPC

9o. of 'olu#ns to be

'on'reted

9o. of da7s

allo'ated

-.* # -4 -

$./ # 1 %

*.6/ # %4 1

Table 1$3: Planning of 'olu#n 'on'rete 8or5


37/56

Considering the labour for'e eisted at that stage at the site> aboe ,lan (See

)able /.2! 8as ,re,ared. 0hen de'iding the nu#ber of labours to be allo'ated> height to

the 'on'reting leel 8as also 'onsidered. As the sub 'ontra'tor 8ho do the 'on'reting

aboe *.6/ # leel had #ore talented labour for'e he 8as able to finish %4 'olu#ns in

one da7.

aterial re


38/56

Height of bea# leel fro#

D.P.C. 8ithin 8hi'h

bri'58or5 to be done

)hi'5ness of 8all ;uantit7

Fro# -.6# to $./#

2./M $ s


39/56

haing stores alone. And he instru'ted not to 'onstru't *44## high 2 M bri'5 8all oer

the 'orridor. He further instru'ted to 'onstru't additional *M 8all around a store roo#.

)hus bri'58or5 indi'ated in 3.O.;. 8as 'hanged.

/.1.2 #aterials

=t 8as #entioned in 3O; to use 1: 'e#ent>sand #ortar for bri'58or5.

2$#$+$# "ric8s

3ri'5s 8ere brought to the site fro# Dan5otu8a. )hose bri'5s 8ere si#ilar to

'o##onl7 found bri'5s in no8ada7s.

)hose bri'5s 8ere #ore light in 'olour than the usual ones. =t i#,lied that bri'5s

8ere not ,ro,erl7 'ast. )he7 8ere regular in 'rossse'tion and had straight and shar,

edges. )here 8ere so#e 'ra'5s on the bri'5s.

As there had been lot of rain during the ,eriod bri'5 8or5 8as done> bri'5s

be'a#e #u'h 8et. )hose 8et bri'5s 8ere liable to brea5 easil7. "ots of bri'5s 8ere

bro5en 8hile the7 8ere being ,assed to and fro the 8or5ing site. )hus lot of half bri'5s

8as re#ained at the site. So that #asons 8ere instru'ted to do the 'onstru'tion using half

bri'5s> altogether 8ith the full bri'5s.

2$#$+$+ Cement

Een though there 8as #asonr7 'e#ent aailable at the #ar5et for 'hief ,ri'e> it

8as de'ided to use general ,ur,ose Portland 'e#ent> be'ause of its reliabilit7.

2$#$+$, &an!

)here 8ere signifi'ant a#ount of grael ,arti'les in the sand. )herefore>

een though =t 8as #entioned in 3O; to use 1: for bri'58or5> it 8as de'ided to use 1:$

#ortar.


40/56

/.1.3 Construction

3ri'5s 8ere i##ersed in 8ater ,rior to 'onstru'tion in order to saturate the#.

During the raining da7s the7 8ere not i##ersed in 8ater> as the7 had alread7 been

saturated.

First a string 8as dra8n bet8een 'olu#ns to ta5e the horizontal align#ent of

bri'5s. )hen this align#ent 8as 'he'5ed 8ith the bea# at the to, of the 8all using the

,lu#b bob. )hen first bri'5 la7er 8as established aligning 8ith the bea#. A #ortar la7er

of nearl7 14 ## 8as ,la'ed bet8een ea'h bri'5la7er. 3ri'58or5 8as neer 'ontinued for

#ore than 1./# on one session. )he rest 8as 'onstru'ted after the initial 8or5 8as

suffi'ientl7 hardened. )his 8as al8a7s ha,,ened in the ,re'ise 8a7 sin'e a signifi'ant

ti#e 8as s,ent to8ards resetting of s'affoldings and hoisting #aterials.

erti'alit7 of the 8all 8as 'he'5ed during the ea'h 'ourse using the ,lu#b bob.

As there 8as 'onsiderable length to be 'onstru'ted> align#ent 8as al8a7s 'he'5ed

dra8ing a string.

S,a'ing bet8een o,enings or 8indo8s 8as 'al'ulated 'onsidering s7##etr7 of

the building. =t 8as also atte#,ted to ,resere the uni


41/56

=t 8as al8a7s atte#,ted to 5ee, arrange#ent of bri'5s along side the o,enings

as s7##etri'all7 as ,ossible. (See figure 2$+!

Figure 6$+1: Arrange#ent of bri'5s along side the o,enings

=t 8as al8a7s ins,e'ted the se'urit7 of English bond throughout the 'ourse. At

the bends English bond 8as ,resered using


42/56

Figure 6$+3: 3ri'58or5 bet8een bea# and roofing sheets

During the roofing 8or5> an L=@ bea# 8as to be ,la'ed oer the 'olu#n thus

there 8as a ga, bet8een to, of the bea# and the leel at 8hi'h roofing sheets to be

,la'ed. )his ga, aried bet8een %44 ## and %$/ ##. Oer the -$/ ## bea#s> this ga,

8as %$/ ## and oer the 2/4 ## bea#s it 8as %44 ##. A s,a'e of %%/ ## 8as

allo'ated at the ,la'es 8here L=@ bea#s to be ,la'ed.

-.2 P/A#'0IG P/A#'0 FII#H0#

/.2.1 O!er!ie"

As the 'o##on ,eo,le ealuate the 'ondition of the building b7 their finishes>

finishing is a 'ru'ial ,art of the building 'onstru'tion. Plastering al8a7s holds the 5e7 to

good finishing.

)he #ain ,ur,oses of ,lastering are

• )o gie a good a,,earan'e

• For the ,rote'tion of stru'tural ,arts

• For 'oering the defe'ts in 'onstru'tion

S,a'e ,roided to ,la'e L=@ bea#s

Surfa'e oer 8hi'h roofing sheets to

be ,la'ed

-$/ ## N %%/ ## bea# at $./#

fro# DPC

-$/N %%/ 'olu#n


43/56

/.2.2 0all plastering

3efore ,lastering> the entire 8all 8as 8etted to ,reent absor,tion of 8ater

fro# the ,laster to the 8all. )hen #ortar s,ots to the thi'5ness of the ,laster 8ere

established on the 8all. )hese s,ots 8ere ,roided at nearl7 one#eter interals in both

dire'tions.

At first t8o lu#,s 8ere established horizontall7 at the t8o to, edges of the 8all

? a string 8as dra8n along the#. Belatie to the string> inter#ediate s,ot heights 8ere

#ar5ed and lu#,s 8ere established. So#eti#es the 8all surfa'e 8as not regular. =t 8ould

hae 'aused ,laster thi'5ness to be'o#e less than the re the7 8ere dashed against the 8all in order to ,roide a good bond 8ith the

8all> ,reenting air ga,s inside. )hen the surfa'e 8as leeled using the straight edge.

0ater 8as s,rin5led to the 8all using brushes 8hile ,lastering 8as done to ,roide #ore

8ater to absorb and strengthen the bond.

)o obtain the rough finish> the ,laster surfa'e 8as finished using a 8ooden float.

)hen it 8as rubbed using rigid foa#s. 0hen rigid foa#s 8ere used> a better finish 8as

al8a7s assured.

2$+$+$# Disputes an! &olutions

)here 8as about -4 ## differen'e bet8een ,laster leels of the ground floor

and the u,,er floor. =f the etra thi'5ness had been ,lastered> it 8ould hae been a huge

8astage of #aterials. )hus after dis'ussing the #atter 8ith 'onsultant> a,,roal 8as ta5en

to 5ee, a brea5ing line bet8een t8o leels. (See figure 6./!


44/56

Figure 6$+4: 3rea5ing line bet8een ground floor 8all and u,,er floor 8all

/.2.3 Plastering o!er the concrete surfaces.

As the 'on'rete surfa'es are 'onsiderabl7 s#ooth> 'e#ent ,laster does not

for# a good bond 8ith the#. )his 'ould hae 'aused 'olla,ses of ,laster on those ,la'es.

)o oer'o#e this ,roble#> initiall7 a thi'5 'e#ent grout la7er 8as a,,lied oer the

'on'rete surfa'e then nor#al ,lastering 8as done oer that. 3ut the ,laster 8as left to

harden for a 8hile before leelling 8ith straight edge to aoid 'olla,sing of ,laster.

2$+$,$# Column plastering

During the 'olu#n ,lastering> it 8as er7 diffi'ult to ,resere the erti'alit7> as

lo8er ,art> done b7 the ,reious 'ontra'tor 8as not erti'al at all. )hus it 8as finished

s#oothl7 to not to sho8 an7 dis're,an'7.

2/Q

angled

slo,e

round

floor

+,,er

floor

8all

-4 ##


45/56

/.2.$ Special aspects of plastering

=f a ,laster 'olla,ses due to e'ess 8ater 'ontent> dr7 'e#ent ,o8der 8as

dashed on the surfa'e and left for fe8 #inutes. )he 'e#ent ,o8der absorbed the e'ess

8ater> #a5ing the ,laster stable.

At so#e instan'es een a ,lastered surfa'e 8as leel along horizontall7 or

erti'all7. Ho8eer it 8as not leel along the other dire'tions. )his 8as 'he'5ed 5ee,ing

the straight edge in seeral dire'tions on the 8all surfa'e. Su'h defe'ts 8ere aoided

leeling using the straight edge along seeral dire'tions.

References an! "ibliography

=3S)OCK Pt ("td! : 888.=bsto'5.'o# bri'58or5bonds.,df


46/56

PART III

CONC)U&ION

Part = 'onsists of one solitar7 'ha,ter:

Cha,ter $ su##erises all the training e,erien'e = had during

the training ,eriod. =t also in'ludes so#e useful 'o##ents on

the training organization and i#,ortan'e of industrial training.

And it also 'ontains so#e aluable suggestions to i#,roe

under graduate training.

26


47/56

Chapter

Conclusion to the Report

+lti#ate ob&e'tie of the #a&orit7 of the graduates 8ho 'o#,lete their

edu'ation is to enter the industr7. )he industr7 8ants ,eo,le 8ho 'an gras, the things

ha,,ening in the industr7 soon and a,,l7 the theor7 to8ards the benefit of the industr7.

)o do this su''essfull7 the7 #ust hae obtained ne'essar7 s5ills and suffi'ient e,erien'e

in the industrial a,,li'ations ,rior to enter the 8or5. For these reasons ne'essit7 of the

industrial training is obious.

= thin5 = hae gained 'onsiderable 5no8ledge and te'hni'al s5ills during

#7 training ,eriod. = thin5 obseration is the ,ri#ar7 #ode of learning. =n that sense =

8as able to 'a,ture lot of 5no8ledge as there 8ere lots of i#,ortant things to be

obsered. 7 ,ri#ar7 ob&e'tie is to obsere te'hni'al a,,li'ations and stud7> ho8 the

theor7 is a,,lied in the ,ra'ti'al sense.

=n the uniersit7 8e hae onl7 stud7 eniron#ent. )hus 8e get

o,,ortunit7 to build u, asso'iations 8ith ,eo,le 8ho are inoled 8ith a'ade#i' 8or5.)herefore it 8as a tre#endous o,,ortunit7 to be a''usto#ed to the industrial

eniron#ent before entering the industr7.

At the training ,la'e> 8hi'h = 8as established at> there 8ere nu#ber of

te'hni'all7 and #anageriall7 s5illed ,ersons. So#e of the# had not undergone through

for#al higher edu'ation s7ste#. 3ut the7 had 'olle'ted #ore than enough e,erien'e in

the industrial eniron#ent. )he7 al8a7s told that all that #atters 8as e,erien'e. )hus

,erson 8ho has undergone for#al higher edu'ation and has 'olle'ted ade a real asset to the 8or5ing ,la'e.

During the ti#e of #7 industrial training> = 8as able to deal 8ith ,eo,le

8ho hold different ,ositions at the industr7. )he7 aried fro# te'hni'al leel to higher

2$


48/56

#anage#ent leel. A''ording to #7 e,erien'e hu#an relations s5ills has the

si#ilar state of i#,ortan'e as the te'hni'al s5ills. Person 'an not surie in the industr7

8ithout ,ro'essing good hu#an relations s5ills.

ost i#,ortant as,e't of training at K. D. Ebert ? Sons Holdings Pt

("td! is the o,,ortunit7 gien to bear a res,onsibilit7 at the site. 0e 'annot learn

eer7thing b7 &ust obseration. 37 obseration 8e are able to 5no8 8hat it does and

8hen it does. 3ut to ea'tl7 5no8 ho8 it does> 8e hae to feel it b7 doing it. = had

tre#endous o,,ortunit7 to handle tuft situations at the site. 37 handling su'h situations> =

8as able to 5no8> 8hat are the ,roble#s 8ould arise> 8hen handling su'h situations and

ho8 to sole the#. = a# sure that 8ill hel, #e in #7 future to handle #ore tuft situations.

At the site> staff #e#bers of the 'o#,an7 8ere al8a7s there to guide #e

8hen doing the 8or5. = got the o,,ortunit7 to organize te'hni'al &obs> to ,re,are

te'hni'al do'u#ents> to ,re,are ,rogress re,orts and to inole in #an7 other

engineering 8or5s.

= 8ould li5e to a,,re'iate site engineers and te'hni'al offi'er at the site 8ho are

al8a7s ,re,ared to sho8 #7 #ista5es and guide #e through out #7 8or5.

As = hae e,lained in #7 re,ort> there 8ere so #an7 une,e'ted

situations arisen 8hen #anaging a'tiities li5e 'on'rete 8or5. = had to use #7 te'hni'al

and hu#an relations s5ills to oer'o#e su'h situations. 0hat = 8as obsered at the site

8as that engineering has be'o#e #ostl7 the te'hnolog7 #anage#ent.

One of the i#,ortant to 'onsider eer7 one@s

,rofile of the ,roble#. 37 anal7zing those details it is engineer@s res,onsibilit7 to #a5e

o,ti#u# and #ost a,,ro,riate de'ision. And he also should be able to de,end it.

"abourers are not dire'tl7 #anaged b7 engineers. ost of the ti#e

labourers are #anaged ia te'hni'al offi'ers> su,erisors and fore#an. 3ut engineer

should hae a feeling of labour handling to ,ass the instru'tions to those offi'ers to 'arr7

out the 'onstru'tion 8or5. During the training> = got a 'han'e to handle labourers and feel

it.

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= 8as able to obtain lot of 5no8ledge of the 'onsultant ,art during #7

training ,eriod. )e'hni'al offi'er> residential engineer> ,ro&e't engineer and 'hief

engineer gae ne'essar7 adi'es to #e and engineering staff to 'arr7 on the ,rogress of

the 8or5.

= 8ould li5e to ,ro,ose a training ,rogra##e 8hi'h in'or,orates an inter'hange

of training establish#ents. )hat 8ill gie the o,,ortunit7 to obtain training at t8o distin't

eniron#ents. Parti'ularl7> = did not hae the o,,ortunit7 to e,erien'e the building

setting out> one of the #ost i#,ortant duties of the 'iil engineer. 3ut so#e of the

trainees had that o,,ortunit7. )herefore = ,ro,ose t8o sessions of training in t8o distin't

establish#ents.

)here is also a dis'ri#ination of training regarding the a''e,tan'e of training

e,erien'e. = hae heard that training e,erien'e at onl7 li#ited nu#ber of 'o#,anies is

alid as e,erien'e to a,,l7 for 'harted engineering. )his is unfair for #ost of students

had their training at ,la'es other than those re'ognized institutions. = ,ro,ose to 9A=)A

and +niersit7 of oratu8a to get a,,ro,riate #easures to ensure the alidit7 of training

e,erien'e as ea'h and eer7 organization to 'harted engineering. = thin5 there 8ill be no

,roble# 8ith that be'ause een though organizations are different at their standards>

training 8as under the su,erision of 9A=)A and the +niersit7 of oratu8a.

Finall7 = li5e to 8ish a su''essful and aluable training ,eriod for under

graduates 8ho 8ish to go for training in the future. = ho,e this re,ort 8ill be hel,ful to

#ai#ize the benefits of their under graduate training.

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APP%NDI9%&

Follo8ing ,ortion of the re,ort in'ludes three a,,endies 8hi'h ,roide

so#e useful infor#ation on s,e'ial as,e'ts e,erien'ed at the site:

A,,endi A des'ribes so#e i#,ortant details on roof 8or5 of

the building. As = 8as not able to e,erien'e roof 8or5 during

#7 training ,eriod> it 8as ,resented as an a,,endi

A,,endi 3 in'ludes so#e i#,ortant infor#ation regarding

storage of #aterials at the site.

A,,endi C in'ludes details on so#e of the do'u#ents used

at the site.

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ppendi)

Storage of aterials

aterials and instru#ents 8hi'h are to be used at the site 8ere stored at the

stores built at the site. )hose stores 8ere under the res,onsibilit7 of the store 5ee,er.

A.1 #tore *eeer

Store 5ee,er 8as the ,erson 8ho 8as res,onsible for all the #aterials and

instru#ents at the site. Duties of the store 5ee,er 'an be e,ressed as follo8s

• )a5e res,onsibilit7 for all the #aterials and instru#ents at the site.

• Kee,ing all the tra'5s of re'ords regarding #aterials and instru#ents at the

site.

• Kee,ing re'ords of re'eied goods and issued goods

• Proide infor#ation about the ,resent #aterials and instru#ents to the site

engineer.

So#e infor#ation regarding 'o##onl7 used #aterials at the site is gien belo8.

A.2 Cement and lime

Ce#ent 8as not 5e,t in the store for a longer ,eriod. A#ount of 'e#ent needed

for usage of one 8ee5 8as al8a7s ordered fro# the #ain stores. )hus there 8as no 8a7

to hae unne'essar7 sto'5 of 'e#ent at the site stores.

Ce#ent and li#e 8ere su,,lied in bag for# and the7 8ere sta'5ed in a dr7 floor

raised oer /44 ## in the stores. )he7 8ere issued to the 8or5 in the order the7 had been

re'eied at the site.

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Ce#ent 8as 5e,t in the store until it 8as a'tuall7 re and an7

'e#ent te#,oraril7 ,la'ed near the #iing ,la'e or else8here> after re#oal fro# the

store> 8as ade sha,e and fun'tion of the

instru#ent.

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ppendi) +

Site ocuents

B.1 0,tra )or* aroval form

Standard a,,roal for# 8hi'h is sub#itted b7 the 'ontra'tor to the 'onsultant

in order to ta5e the a,,roal for a ,arti'ular 8or5 to be done> 8hi'h is not #entioned in

the 3O;. =n this for# 'ontra'tor should ,roide ea't reasons for ne'essit7 of doing that

8or5 and #a5e sure sub#itting the for# suffi'ient ti#e ,rior to starting the ,arti'ular

8or5. =f the a,,roal is gien> for# should 'arr7 the offi'ial seal and the signature of the

,ro&e't engineer and 'hief engineer of the 'onsultant and sub#itted to the 'lient. =f the

for# is a,,roed b7 the 'lient> it is sub#itted ba'5 to the 'ontra'tor. After #entioning the

labour for'es s,ent to8ards the 8or5> this for# is resub#itted 8ith the bill.

B.2 %t$er (ocuments

Fe8 of the other do'u#ents used at site are gien belo8.

Dail7 Be,ort

"og 3oo5

Dail7 Staff Be'ord

Dail7 0eather Chart

Fortnight ,rogress Be,ort

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ppendi) C

Roof 0or& and %loor

C.1 Floor level

As = hae #entioned in ,reious 'ha,ters there had been a lea5age through

the slab and for#er 'ontra'tor had ,ut 'hi, 'on'rete la7er oer the slab. 3ut slab 8as not

,ro,erl7 leeled. )hus there 8as a huge ariation in leels. )hus leeling sheet 8as

,re,ared sho8ing the dis're,an'7 a#ong leels.

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Back Sight Intermediate SightForeSight Reduced Level Remarks

1.650 10.000 TBM From station 1!

1.6"0 10.010 #rid "$5 1.6%0 10.0&0

1.6"% 10.00'

1.6&5 10.015

1.650 TBM

1.66( 10.000 TBM From station %!

1.66& 10.00" #rid %)$&)

1.66' *.***

1.656 10.011

1.6(0 *.**(

1.6"& 10.0%"

1.6"6 10.0%11.6(' *.*'*

1.6"% 10.0%5

1.6"0 10.0%(

1.6(% *.**5

1.6(( *.**0

1.6'0 *.*'(

1.66( TBM

1.6' 10 TBM From station &!

1.6(% 10.00' +,$L)

1.6"5 10.0&5

1.(1( *.*6& L)$M) 1.(%5 *.*55

1.(0& *.*((

1.6(& 10.00(

1.6'

Table C$#: "eeling sheet of the slab

After for8arding the leeling sheet (See Table C$#!> it 8as as5ed for a,,roal

for a 'hi, 'on'rete la7er oer the slab. At the ti#e this re,ort 8as being ,rinted> a,,roal

of the 'onsultant is ,ending.

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C.2 oof )or*

Boof of this building has #ainl7 t8o ,arts.

1. #ain roof

%. #onitor roof

onitor roof is the roof oer the ,ortion of the building 8hi'h is used to

dis,erse s#o5e freed fro# the #a'hiner7 ,arts.

=n the 3O;> 'ontra'tor 8as as5ed to design and 'onstru't the roof. )hus

detailed design of the roof 8as sub#itted to the 'onsultant and a,,roal 8as ta5en.

Table C$+: aterials due to be used for roof fra#e 8or5

Fi C # D il f f f 5

Portion of the roof aterial to be used for roof fra#e 8or5

ain roof 1/4 N $/ N 6 L=@ se'tion/4 N /4 bo bars

onitor roof 24 N 24 N - L"@ 'hannel se'tion/4 N /4 bo bars

Documents

Final Report1.doc