introductiontoapexcode-120510175542-phpapp01

7/27/2019 introductiontoapexcode-120510175542-phpapp01

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Coding the Cloud: An Introduction

to Apex Code

Andrew Albert, salesforce.com

Force.com Plat form Fundamentals


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Safe Harbor Statement

Safe harbor statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This presentation may contain forward-

looking statements including but not limited to statements concerning the potential market for our existing service offerings

and future offerings. All of our forward looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. If any such risks or

uncertainties materialize or if any of the assumptions proves incorrect, our results could differ materially from the results

expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make.

The risks and uncertainties referred to above include - but are not limited to - risks associated with possible fluctuations in

our operating results and cash flows, rate of growth and anticipated revenue run rate, errors, interruptions or delays in our

service or our Web hosting, our new business model, our history of operating losses, the possibility that we will not remain

profitable, breach of our security measures, the emerging market in which we operate, our relatively limited operatinghistory, our ability to hire, retain and motivate our employees and manage our growth, competition, our ability to continue to

release and gain customer acceptance of new and improved versions of our service, customer and partner acceptance of

the AppExchange, successful customer deployment and utilization of our services, unanticipated changes in our effective

tax rate, fluctuations in the number of shares outstanding, the price of such shares, foreign currency exchange rates and

interest rates.

Further information on these and other factors that could affect our financial results is included in the reports on Forms 10-

K, 10-Q and 8-K and in other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. These

documents are available on the SEC Filings section of the Investor Information section of our website atwww.salesforce.com/investor. Salesforce.com, inc. assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-

looking statements, except as required by law.
http://www.salesforce.com/investorhttp://www.salesforce.com/investor


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Andrew AlbertTechnical Evangelist


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Apex Code: Logic-as-a-Service

What is it?

What can it do?

How do I use it?

Well, lets see it!


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Introducing Apex

Force.com allows many customizations through User

Interface Force.com API allows developers to write client-side

programs or integrations for more flexibility in their

applications

Client side programs have performance costs

Lack transactional control across API requests

Cost and complexity of client hosting server code

APEX was introduced to address those issues and to

revolutionize the way developers create on-demand

applications.


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Apex Code Is

Strongly-typed, object-based programming language

Enables developers to execute logic and transaction

control statements on Force.com

Runs natively on the server

Code executes on the server when initiated by UserInterface via Buttons & Events, and data through the

API

Java or C#-like syntax

Transactional


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How can you use Apex Code?

Database Trigger

- Apex Code that is executed in response to adatabase interaction

Example: Apex trigger is initiated whenever a new

Contact record is inserted.

Class

- Similar to a Java or .NET class

- A trigger can call an Apex Class


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Differences between Triggers and Classes

Triggers execute impl ic i t lyin response to a database

action Apex class methods can be expl ici t lycalled in many

areas of the Force.com

For example:

(a) Email to Apex Services

(b)Apex Web Services

(c) Visualforce controllers


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How is Apex Different?

Executes directly on the Force.com

Eliminates network traffic between client applicationand Force.com

Apex Code tightly integrated to the rest of the platform

functionality

Changes to the metadata referenced in Apex Code will

cause an automatic recompilation the next time those

components are executed


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Language Basics

Data Types Primitive

- String

- Boolean

- Date and DateTime

- Integer, Long, Double

- ID (Force.com database record identifier)

- Blob (for storing binary data)

- Sobject (object representing a Force.com standard or custom

object)

Example:

DateTime dt = System.now() + 1;

Boolean isClosed = true;

String sCapsFirstName = Andrew.toUpperCase();

Account acct = new Account(); //Sobject example


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Language Basics (cont)

Data Types Collections

- Lists

- Sets

- Maps

- Arrays

Example:List myList = new List();

myList.add(12); //Add the number 12 to the list

myList.get(0); //Access to first integer stored in the List


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Statements and Expressions

- If/Else- For Loops

- Do/While Loops

- While Loops

Example:Integer count = 0;

while(count < 11){

System.debug(Count = + count);

count++;

}


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Exception Handling

- Try/Catch/Finally statements- Ability to create and throw your own Exceptions

Example:

public class OtherException extends BaseException {}

Try{

//Add code here

throw new OtherException(Something went wrong here);

} Catch (OtherException oex) {

//Caught a custom exception type here

} Catch (Exception ex){

//Caught all other exceptions here

}


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Force.com Query Languages

SOQL Salesforce object Query Language

String myName = Acme;

Account[] accts = [select ID from Account where name =:myName] //Pass in a variable

SOSL Salesforce object Search Language

List searchList = [FIND '415' IN PHONE FIELDS RETURNING Account, Contact ];Account [] accounts = ((List)searchList[0]);

Contact [] contacts = ((List)searchList[1]);


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Data Manipulation with Apex

DML (Data Manipulation Language)

- Insert- Update

- Upsert - Operation to create a new or update existing record

based on an external id.

- Delete

- Undelete


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Heres what it looks like

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1 myPlainText = email.plainTextBody.substring(0, email.plainTextBody.indexOf(''));

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1 myPlainText = email.plainTextBody;

1 System.debug('No in email: ' + e);1

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...

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global class tasks implements Messaging.InboundEmailHandler {

// Create inboundEmailResult object for returning the result of the Force.com Email Service

// Add the email plain text into the local variable

// new Task object to be created

/* Try to lookup any contacts based on the email from address

/ If there is more than 1 contact with the same email address/ an exception will be thrown and the catch statement will be called

*/

Messaging.InboundEmailResult result = new Messaging.InboundEmailResult();

String myPlainText = ';

try {

} catch (System.StringException e) {

}

List newTask = new List();

[Select Id, Name, Email From Contact Where Email = :email.fromAddress]Contact vCon =

Interface

Implementation

Comment

Syntax

Object

InstantiationVariable Declaration

Exception

Handling

List Creation

Query Language

Function

Declaration

global Messaging.InboundEmailResult handleInboundEmail(Messaging.inboundEmail email,

Messaging.InboundEnvelope env){


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Bulk data operations with Apex

Commonly, the ordering of process for an apex solution is as follows:

1) Records are retrieved from the Force.com database with a querystatement

2) The array of records ismodified in the processing of your Apex

Code

3) The array of records is then sent back to the object through a

data manipulation statement

These actions are performed in bulk on the Force.com


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Bulk data operations with Apex (cont)

Apex Code must be designed to handle bulk operations

Why is this important?

- The Force.com enforces limits to how many records can be

processed at a time (governor limits)

Examples:

Limit on the number of records that can be queried. Limit on the number of records that be modified.

Limits are calculated by the number of records invoking the Apex

Code code


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Handling Bulk operations - example


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Testing

Apex Code to test your Apex Code

Code to help developers perform and automate unit testing Enables the platform to execute these test methods during

deployment

Force.com requires that at least 75% of your Apex is

covered by testing before code can be deployed to a

Production environment (100% is ideal!)

Unit test methods are denoted with testMethodkeyword.

testMethods do not modify any data in your org


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What can you do with Apex Code?

Triggers

Apex Web Services

Email Services

SOA (callouts)

Visualforce Controllers


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What can you do with Apex Code?

Triggers

Code runs when data changes to ensure business logic isapplied

Executes on the serverwhen data changes in either the UI or API.

Email Services

Send & Receive emails, including attachments, with custom

logic to process contents.

Includes all standard email attributes, use email templates, and

supports plain text or HTML. Force.com generates a unique email address to process the

contents.


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What else can you do with Apex Code?

Apex Web Services

Develop new Force.com Web Services Define and expose a custom Web Service for an external service

to invoke.

As simple as adding the webService keyword to a Apex method

WSDL automatically available

Consume other Web Services

Provides integration with external Web Services

Apex provides integration with Web services that utilize SOAP

and WSDL, or HTTP services


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What else can you do with Apex Code?

Visualforce Controllers

Apex logic accessed by Visualforce pages through customcontrollers and controller extensions.

Apex Class that drives the logic when a user interacts with the

Visualforce pages.


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Winter 09 Apex Feature Dynamic Apex

public class displayFields{

//Retrieves available SObjects with Global Describe

private Map schemaMap =

Schema.getGlobalDescribe();

//Retrieve accessible fields for specified object

public List showFields(String selectedObject) {

fields.clear();

Map fieldMap =

schemaMap.get(selectedObject).getDescribe().fields.getMap();

//for each field determine whether the running user has

access to the field

for(Schema.SObjectField f : fieldMap.Values()){

Schema.DescribeFieldResult df = f.getDescribe();

if(df.isAccessible()){

fields.add(f);

}

}

return fields;

}

Streamline code design

eliminate repetitive code by

constructing dynamic procedures

for query, search, and data

manipulation

Describe methods

New Apex methods to describe

schema including object definition

and field definitions.

User permission awareness

The power of system level access

with the capability to enforce user

permissions and constraints


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Winter 09 Apex Feature Async Apex

Asynchronous execution

Supports web service callouts

from triggers

Monitoring UI provides

detailed view of status and

execution time

global class myclass {

public class MyException extends Exception{}public static void throwException() {

System.debug('calling throw exception');

throw new MyException('for bar');

}

@future(callout=true) static void voidvoid() {

System.debug('void void');

Http http = new Http();

HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();

req.setMethod('GET');

req.setEndpoint('http://www.cheenath.com');HttpResponse res = http.send(req);

System.debug(res.getBody());

//throw new MyException('for bar');

}

@future static void createAccount(String n) {

Account a = new Account(name=n);

insert a;

}


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Additional Dreamforce 2008 Apex Sessions

Apex Test Coverage Best Practices

Tuesday, 2:00-3:00PM, Esplanade 305

Hands-On : Apex Code

Tuesday, 2:00-3:00PM, South 102

Development As A Service Building and Deploying Apps

in the Cloud

Wednesday, 10:15-11:15AM, Esplanade 303


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Force.com Library

Books

Developers Guide to the Force.com

Force.com Cookbook

Creating On-Demand Apps

Apex Language Reference


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Additional Resources

Developer.Force.com

Force.com Developer Community

Apex Developer Guide & Language Reference

Recorded technical presentations and whitepapers

Apex Message Boards

Sign up for free Developer Edition

Training Courses & Certification

DEV401: Force.com essentials

DEV501: Visualforce, Apex, DaaS (Development As A Service)


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Session FeedbackLet us know how were doing and enter to win an iPod nano!

Please score the session from 5 to 1 (5=excellent,1=needs

improvement) in the following categories: Overall rating of the session

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Additionally, please fill in the name of each speaker &

score them on overall delivery.

We strive to improve, thank you for filling out our survey.


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