Southeast Asia

Countries • Vietnam • Laos • Cambodia • Thailand • Myanmar • Malaysia • Indonesia • Philippines • Brunei • East Timor

In the previous unit we studied: _____________

Where is it

located on this map?

In this unit we will study

Southeast Asia

Indonesia

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/indonesia_econ_1972.jpg

Indonesia

• 17,508 islands

• 238 million people, making the world's fourth most populous country

• Dutch had control over the archipelago during the colonial period

• Indonesia has about 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources

Indonesia - Trade

• The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century

• Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity

Indonesia - Culture

• Indonesian cuisine varies by region and is based on Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents

• Islam is Indonesia's main religion, with almost 88% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 census, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world. The remaining population is 9% Christian (of which roughly two-thirds are Protestant with the remainder mainly Catholic, and a large minority Charismatic), 2% Hindu and 1% Buddhist.

Myanmar (Formerly Burma)

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/burma_econ_1972.jpg

©2012, TESCCC

Myanmar (Burma)

• Once invaded and conquered by the British

• Burma/Myanmar has been under military control since a coup d'état in 1962

• Many political and ethnic opposition groups and countries continue to use "Burma" because they do not recognize the legitimacy of the ruling military government or its authority to rename the country.

• There is consensus that the military regime in Burma is one of the world's most repressive and abusive regimes

• 2010 Elections where considered by many to be falsified, and still under military rule

Religion in Myanmar Buddhism   89%

Christianity   4%

Islam   4%

Others   2%

Hinduism   1%

The Muslim and Christian populations are said to face religious persecution in Myanmar.

Stupa

Cambodia

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/vietnam.html ©2012, TESCCC

Cambodia

• Why is Angkor Wat displayed prominently on the flag of Cambodia?

Cambodia

Cambodia

• Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple complex and the largest religious monument in the world. It’s name means "Temple City" or "City of Temples”.

• In the late 13th century, Angkor Wat gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use, which continues to the present day. Angkor Wat is unusual among the Angkor temples in that although it was somewhat neglected after the 16th century it was never completely abandoned

• Angkor Wat has become a major tourist destination. In 2004 and 2005, government figures suggest that, respectively, 561,000 and 677,000 foreign visitors arrived in Siem Reap province, approximately 50% of all foreign tourists in Cambodia for both years

Cambodia

• Cambodia gained independence from France on November 9, 1953.

• In 2011 Cambodia's per capita income is $2,470 , low for the region.

• The government is a constitutional monarchy operated as a parliamentary representative democracy

• Cambodia is consistently listed as one of the most corrupt governments in the world

Cambodia – Genocide

• The Cambodian Genocide refers to the attempt of Khmer Rouge party leader “Pol Pot” to nationalize and centralize the peasant farming society of Cambodia virtually overnight, in accordance with the Chinese Communist agricultural model. This resulted in the gradual devastation of over 25% of the country’s population in just three short years

• 3,314,768 people lost their lives in the “Pol Pot time

Thailand

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/thailand_1974_econ_activity.jpg

©2012, TESCCC

Thailand

• formerly known as Siam

• The country is a constitutional monarchy

• Thailand was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India

• Despite European pressure, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian nation that has never been colonized

• Thailand is an emerging economy and considered as a newly industrialized country

Thailand

• The most common religion is Theravada Buddhism

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/philippines.html

The Philippines

©2012, TESCCC

The Philippines

• archipelago comprising 7,107 islands

• 92 Million people, the 12th most populated country in the world.

• In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. It remained a Spanish colony for 300 years. Looking for Trade ports.

• After the Spanish-American War, America retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II

The Philippines

• The Philippines has a democratic government

• more than 90% of the population are Christians: about 80% belong to the Roman Catholic Church while 10% belong to other Christian denominations

• Philippine culture is a combination of Eastern and Western cultures. The Philippines exhibits aspects found in other Asian countries with a Malay

heritage, yet its culture also displays a significant amount of Spanish and American influences

Vietnam

Vietnam

• With an estimated 90.3 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country

• colonized by the French in the mid-19th century

• After the Vietnam War the country was unified under a Communist government

Vietnam

• About 85% of Vietnamese identify with Buddhism

• Private ownership is encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture, like China.

• It is now the world's largest producer of cashew nuts, with a one-third global share; the largest producer of black pepper, accounting for one-third of the world's market; and the second-largest rice exporter in the world, after Thailand

Malaysia

Malaysia

• The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in politics.

• The constitution declares Islam the state religion while protecting freedom of religion.

• The government system is closely modelled on the Parliamentary system due to British influence.

Malaysia

• According to the Population and Housing Census 2010 figures, ethnicity and religious beliefs correlate highly. Approximately 61.3% of the population practice Islam, 19.8% practice Buddhism, 9.2% Christianity, 6.3% Hinduism

• The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures.

Singapore

Singapore

• Today, Singapore has a highly developed market economy, based historically on port trade.

• Singapore is the 14th largest exporter and the 15th largest importer in the world.

• Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth.

Singapore

• Buddhism is the most widely practiced religion in Singapore, with 33% of the resident population declaring themselves adherents at the most recent census. The next-most practiced religion is Christianity, followed by Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. 17% of the population did not have a religious affiliation.

• Singapore is a very diverse and young country. It has many languages, religions, and cultures for a country its size.

Laos

Laos

• Colonized by the French

• Laos is a single-party socialist republic. (Communist)

• Laos' strategy for development is based on generating electricity from its rivers and selling the power to its neighbors, namely Thailand, China, and Vietnam.

• 67% of Laotians are Theravada Buddhist, 1.5% are Christian, and 31.5% are other or unspecified

Brunei

Brunei

• Colonized by the British

• The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay (reflecting its ethnicity), with heavy influences from Islam

• Four periods of cultural influence have occurred, animist, Hindu, Islamic, and Western

• Islam is the official religion of Brunei and two-thirds of the population adheres to Islam

East Timor

East Timor

• East Timor was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century

• It is one of only two Predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia.

• About 37.4% of the country's population lives below the international poverty line – which means living on less than U.S. $1.25 per day

• East Timor's two official languages are Portuguese and Tetum

Plate Tectonics

©2012, TESCCC

Vocabulary of Instruction monsoon renewable resources nonrenewable resources tsunami ring of fire monumental architecture censorship limited government human rights unlimited government

Earth’s Physical Processes Related to Plate Tectonics

• Tsunamis -

• Earthquakes

• Volcanoes

©2012, TESCCC

The Pacific Ring of Fire One of the most active areas for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes

©2012, TESCCC

Active Volcanoes: Southeast Asia

©2012, TESCCC

©2012, TESCCC

What might we infer from this image?

©2012, TESCCC

Earthquakes may trigger Tsunamis

Nations affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean quake and tsunami

Epicenter, 2004

©2012, TESCCC

Monsoons

• A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. Monsoons are most often associated with the Indian Ocean

Monsoons

• Industry in India and Southeast Asia also relies on the summer monsoon. A great deal of electricity in the region is produced by hydroelectric power plants, which are driven by water collected during the monsoons. Electricity powers hospitals, schools, and businesses that help the economies of these areas develop.

Monsoons

• India and Southeast Asia depend on the summer monsoon. Agriculture, for example, relies on the yearly rain. Many areas in these countries do not have large irrigation systems surrounding lakes, rivers, or snowmelt areas. Aquifers, or supplies of underground water, are shallow. The summer monsoon fills wells and aquifers for the rest of the year

Monsoons

• Rice, grown in paddy fields, requires a lot of water to grow. This is why monsoons are so important to people in Southeast Asia - it's to ensure a good crop of rice. The prosperity of Asian nations is so linked to the availability of good crops and rainfall that studies have shown the link between the rise and fall of the Chinese Dynasties to the monsoon

Monsoons

Adaptation

Adaptations

• The traditional homes are built on stilts to avoid flooding.

• Farmers use the Monsoon rain to flood their rice patties.

• Traders used the Monsoon winds to form trade routes

Natural Resources

• Timber (Renewable resource) is the greatest natural resource that many Southeast Asia Countries have. Because of the timber furniture making is a large industry in SE Asia.

• Because of the monsoons (great for growing), agriculture dominates the economic activities of Southeast Asia.

Conflicts and Immigration

• Because of conflicts (civil wars) in the region, emigration out of the region has greatly increased. The United State has accepted more immigrants from the Southeast Asia area then from any other in region in Asia.

– Cambodia Genocide, Vietnam War, Indonesia Governmental change in 1998, etc…)

Limited Vs. Unlimited

Rule by one – monarchy or dictatorship

◦A single ruler controls government and claims the responsibility due to divine or hereditary right. Either birth or God determines who will rule, the people do not. Dictators or despots also maintain complete control of government in their countries. – unlimited government

Limited Vs. Unlimited

• •Rule by a few – small group has power – oligarchy

• ◦Government with rule by a few also occurs when a group of persons seize power after an overthrow of the previous government. Communist – usually an unlimited government

Limited Vs. Unlimited

Rule by many – people have power – limited government

◦A government ruled by many is a republic or a democracy. (limited government)

Limited Vs. Unlimited

• In unlimited governments individual human rights are often ignored to ensure that those that are in power stay in power. – Speech, petition, protest

• Leaders will often violate human rights to keep control of the power they have, and to keep control of their government. – The Disappeared.

Quiz 1

• 1. What industry has influenced the culture of Indonesia the most in the terms of religion, food, government?

• 2. What is the (that Mr. Lockhart is describing) process called?

• 3. What is the number one religion in Indonesia?

• 4. T or F- Indonesia has the largest population in the world that practices this religion?

Quiz 2

• 1. What is Angkor Wat, and why is it on the Cambodian Flag?

• 2. What is an archipelago?

• 3. Myanmar has what kind of regime/government and state if it is an unlimited or limited government?

• 4. What is the number one religion in most of the countries that we have studied in SE Asia and how did it get there?

Quiz 3

1) List one crop that benefits greatly from the Summer Monsoon season?

2) Monsoons are often associated with what ocean?

3) ______________ are large waves that are caused by earthquakes in the ocean.