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Hipoxia en el Golfo de México
Nancy N. Rabalais, Ph.D.Executive Director and Professor
Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
http://www.gulfhypoxia.net
symposium LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Towards a regional assessment
Effects are more far reachingthan suspended sediment plume,
esp. N & somewhat P
New Orleans
dominant wind direction
Mississippi River
Atchafalaya River
Hypoxic Area
Mississippi River – Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Continuum
Hypoxia-Eutrophication
State Waters: Estuaries, Bays, Tidal Reach of RiversWorking with GOMA Nutrient Reduction and Water Quality PITs
• Hypoxia-Nutrient Data Portal• Planning for Increased Monitoring
Shelf Waters: Time Series & AUVs
LA LATX MS ALMississippi River
Atchafalaya River
Distribution of bottom-water dissolved oxygen July 18-21 (east of the Mississippi River delta) and
July 24-30 (west of the Mississippi River delta), 2011.
Data source: NN Rabalais, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, and RE Turner, Louisiana State University. Funding source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. http://www.gulfhypoxia.net
Brown Shrimp• Fisheries resources at risk
• Altered migration
• Reduced habitat
• Changes in food resources
• Susceptibility of early life stages• Growth & reproduction
The Consequences
Nutrients Delivered to GoMx
http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/sparrow/gulf_findings/Alexander et al. 2008 &
*
Long Island Sound (tons N/yr)
http://dep.state.ct.us/
*33% increase since 1950
1600% increase since 1950
Mississippi River Watershed
Downing et al. 1999
*
Nutrient Sources Differ by Watershed
Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico
Land use change around the Grijalva Usumacinta Watershed,
(1976-2010)
EVALUACIÓN INTEGRAL Y MANEJO DEL GRAN ECOSISTEMA MARINO DEL GOLFO DE MÉXICOINTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE GULF OF MEXICO LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM
www.gulfofmexicoproject.org
*
BAHIAS Cruise in June 2009RV ANTEA - IRD
Hipoxia - Grijalva-Usumacinta Cuenca
< 1.25
1.25 - 1.50
1.50 - 1.75
1.75 - 2.00
2.00 - 2.25
2.25 - 2.50
2.50 - 2.75
2.75 - 3.00
3.00 - 3.25
3.25 - 3.50
3.50 - 3.75
3.75 - 4.00
4.00 - 4.25
4.25 - 4.50
4.50 - 4.75
4.75 - 5.00
5.00 - 5.25
5.25 - 5.50
5.50 - 5.75
5.75 - 6.00
6.00 - 6.25
> 6.25
93°00'W 92°40'W 92°20'W 92°00'W 91°40'W 91°20'W8°20'N
8°40'N
9°00'N
Ciudad Del Carmen
Laguna de Terminos
Bottom Oxygen
BAHIAS Cruise in June 2009RV ANTEA - IRD
The Future
Climate ChangeOcean Acidification
BiofuelsIncreased Population
Increased AgribusinessIncreased Atmospheric
DepositionLATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN
LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMSTowards a regional assessment
