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Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France Prise en charge des troubles moteurs de l’œsophage

Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

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Page 1: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Frank ZERBIB

BordeauxFrance

Prise en charge des troubles moteurs de l’œsophage

Page 2: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Lien d’intérêts

Given Imaging/Covidien/Medtronic

Page 3: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Dysphagie

Dysphagie oropharyngée

Dysphagie oesophagienne

FOGD + biopsiesTOGD

Sténose maligne ténose bénigne

Œsophagite éosinophilesCompression extrinsèque

AchalasieSpasmes oesophagiens

ApéristaltismeŒsophage marteau Piqueur

Obstruction fonctionnelle JOG

TMO « mineurs »

Dysphagie « fonctionnelle »

Anormale Normale

Dysphagie obstructive

Manométrie (HR)

Dysphagie non obstructive

Zerbib and Omari, Nature Review GH, 2015

Page 4: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Manométrie haute résolution

Page 5: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Color scalein mm Hg

UES

LES

Esophageal Pressure Topography / “Clouse Plot”

Manométrie haute résolution

Page 6: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Leng

th a

long

the

esop

hagu

s (c

m)

100

50

0

150mmHg

20

IRP = 4,2 mmHg 2 s

Time (s)

JOG

UES

Normal esophageal peristalsis

PRI(Pression de relaxation intégrée)

Lowest mean EGJ pressure for 4 contiguous or non-contiguous seconds of relaxation

N< 15 mmHg

Page 7: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

5 s

Transition zone

DCI= 3020 mmHg-s-cm

100

50

0

150mmHg

20

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Leng

th a

long

the

esop

hagu

s (c

m)

ICD(intégrale de contraction distale)

Amplitude x duration x length (mm Hg-s-cm) of the distal esophageal contraction greater than 20 mm Hg from proximal (P) to distal (D) pressure troughs

Page 8: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Latence distale

Pandolfino JE, et al. Gastroenterology 2011;141(2):469-75

Reflète l’intégrité de l’innervation inhibitrice de l’oesophage

Latence réduite = contraction prématurée= spasme

Page 9: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

CDP

5 s

DL

Latence distale

N > 4.5 sec

Page 10: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Profils de pressurisation

100

50

0

150mmHg

30

2 s 2 s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Leng

th a

long

the

esop

hagu

s (c

m)

Time (s)

80-mmHg isobaric contourPressurisation

Contraction

Page 11: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

IRP ≥ ULN and 100% failed peristalsis or spasm

AchalasiaType I: no contractilityType II: ≥ 20% PEPType III: ≥ 20% spasm (DL<4.5 s)

IRP ≥ ULN and not type I-III achalasiaEGJ outflow obstruction•Incomplete achalasia•Mechanical obstruction

IRP normal and low DL or high DCI or 100% failed peristalsis

DES• ≥ 20% premature (DL<4.5 s)Jackhammer esophagus• ≥ 20% DCI >8,000 mmHg.s.cmAbsent Contractility• No scorable contraction• Consider achalasia

IRP normal and> 50% ineffective swallows

Ineffective Motility (IEM)• >50% ineffective swallowsFragmented peristalsis• >50% fragmented swallows and not ineffective

IRP normal and> 40% effective swallows

Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction

Major disorders of peristalsis

(Entities not seen in normal subjects)

Minor disorders of peristalsis

(Impaired clearance)

Normal

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Classification de Chicago v3.0

P Kahrilas et al, 2015

Page 12: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Achalasie

IRP ≥ ULN and 100% failed peristalsis or spasm

AchalasiaType I: no contractilityType II: ≥ 20% PEPType III: ≥ 20% spasm (DL<4.5 s)

IRP ≥ ULN and not type I-III achalasiaEGJ outflow obstruction•Incomplete achalasia•Mechanical obstruction

Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction

Yes

Yes

No

Classification de Chicago v3.0

Page 13: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

100

50

0

150mmHg

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Leng

th a

long

the

esop

hagu

s (cm

)

Impaired EGJ relaxation(IRP = 20,8 mmHg) 2 s

Time (s)

Distal pressurization

Normal esophageal peristalsisObstruction fonctionnelle

JOG

IRP ≥ ULN and 100% failed peristalsis or spasm

AchalasiaType I: no contractilityType II: ≥ 20% PEPType III: ≥ 20% spasm (DL<4.5 s)

IRP ≥ ULN and not type I-III achalasiaEGJ outflow obstruction•Incomplete achalasia•Mechanical obstruction

Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction

Yes

Yes

No

Classification de Chicago v3.0

Page 14: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

IRP ≥ ULN and 100% failed peristalsis or spasm

AchalasiaType I: no contractilityType II: ≥ 20% PEPType III: ≥ 20% spasm (DL<4.5 s)

IRP ≥ ULN and not type I-III achalasiaEGJ outflow obstruction•Incomplete achalasia•Mechanical obstruction

IRP normal and low DL or high DCI or 100% failed peristalsis

DES• ≥ 20% premature (DL<4.5 s)Jackhammer esophagus• ≥ 20% DCI >8,000 mmHg.s.cmAbsent Contractility• No scorable contraction• Consider achalasia

Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction

Major disorders of peristalsis

(Entities not seen in normal subjects)

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Classification de Chicago v3.0

Page 15: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

IRP ≥ ULN and 100% failed peristalsis or spasm

AchalasiaType I: no contractilityType II: ≥ 20% PEPType III: ≥ 20% spasm (DL<4.5 s)

IRP ≥ ULN and not type I-III achalasiaEGJ outflow obstruction•Incomplete achalasia•Mechanical obstruction

IRP normal and low DL or high DCI or 100% failed peristalsis

DES• ≥ 20% premature (DL<4.5 s)Jackhammer esophagus• ≥ 20% DCI >8,000 mmHg.s.cmAbsent Contractility• No scorable contraction• Consider achalasia

IRP normal and> 50% ineffective swallows

Ineffective Motility (IEM)• >50% ineffective swallowsFragmented peristalsis• >50% fragmented swallows and not ineffective

IRP normal and> 40% effective swallows

Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction

Major disorders of peristalsis

(Entities not seen in normal subjects)

Minor disorders of peristalsis

(Impaired clearance)

Normal

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Classification de Chicago v3.0

P Kahrilas et al, 2015

Page 16: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Anomalies du transit du bolus mais fréquent chez sujets sains

Fréquents dans le RGO

Significativité douteuse

IRP normal and> 50% ineffective swallows

Ineffective Motility (IEM)• >50% ineffective swallowsFragmented peristalsis• >50% fragmented swallows and not ineffective

Minor disorders of peristalsis

(Impaired clearance)

Yes

No

Page 17: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

La manométrie HR est le « gold standard »

- Meilleure détection des dysfonctions du SIO

- Plus simple, plus rapide

- Standardisation

- Apprentissage plus simple ++

- Meilleur rendement diagnostique

P Gyawali, Manual of HRM, Unimed 2013

Page 18: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Dysphagie

Dysphagie oropharyngée

Dysphagie oesophagienne

FOGD + biopsiesTOGD

Sténose maligne ténose bénigne

Œsophagite éosinophilesCompression extrinsèque

AchalasieSpasmes oesophagiens

ApéristaltismeŒsophage marteau Piqueur

Obstruction fonctionnelle JOG

TMO « mineurs »

Dysphagie « fonctionnelle »

Anormale Normale

Dysphagie obstructive

Manométrie (HR)

Dysphagie non obstructive

Zerbib and Omari, Nature Review GH, 2015

Page 19: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement de l’achalasie

Injections de toxine botulique

Myotomie de Heller

Dilatations pneumatiques

Page 20: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement de l’achalasie

Page 21: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Taux de réponses en fonction du type d’achalasie

Pandolfino 2008

Traitement de l’achalasie

Page 22: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Gastroenterology 2013

Traitement de l’achalasie

Page 23: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

63,60%

76,60%

25%

36,30%

23,30%

75%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Pour

cent

age

de p

atie

nts

Types d'achalasie

Rémission en fonction du type d'achalasie

RémissionEchec

n=11 n=8

p=0,024

n=30

Suivi médian : 27 mois (5-48 mois)

Traitement de l’achalasie

Badat et al, 2015

Page 24: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement de l’achalasie par myotomie peroraleendoscopique

Page 25: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement de l’achalasie par myotomie peroraleendoscopique

Page 26: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

551 patients

Taux de faisabilité 97% (IC 94-98%)

Taux de succès 93% (IC 90-95%)

Œsophagite 13% (IC 10-17%)

Effets II 14% (IC 11-17%)

Chirurgie 0.2% (IC 0-0,5%)

Décès 0

Page 27: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement de l’achalasie type IIIComparaison POEM vs. Heller

Page 28: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Achalasie

Haut risque chirurgical

Toxine botulique

Dérivés nitrésInhibiteurs calciques

Faible risque chirurgical

Type I-II

Dilatation pneumatique

Type III

Myotomie*Failure

échec

Répéter myotomie ou dilatation

Oesophagectomie ?

Zerbib, Roman, 2015* Endoscopique ou chirurgicale

Page 29: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement des troubles moteurs œsophagiens « hypercontractiles »

Règles HDAlimentation prudente, éviter les aliments “déclenchants”

Traitement médicalDérivés nitrés, inhibiteurs calciques, antispasmodiques, antidéprésseurs (douleurs)Aucune donnée solide

Dilatations oesophagiennesSéries rétrospectives, faibles effectifs

Page 30: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Les injections intra-oesophagiennes de toxine botulique

Inhibition de la libération d’Ach au niveau de la jonction neuromusculaire

Page 31: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Intra-sphincteric injection

Porter et al, 2011

36 patientsEtude non controlée58.3% avec réponse > 6 mois

Botox et obstruction fonctionnelle de la JOG

Page 32: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Intra-sphincteric injection

Bashashati et al 2010

Esophageal body injection

Botox et spasmes oesophagiens

Page 33: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Vanuytsel et al, CGH, 2013

22 patients DES/Nutcracker

ECR avec crossover

4x 12,5 UI 2 / 7cm de la JOG

Botox 50% vs Pla 10%

Botox et spasmes oesophagiens

Page 34: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

POEM et troubles moteurs hors achalasie

Page 35: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

POEM et troubles moteurs hors achalasie

Hoppo, 2015

Page 36: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

POEM et troubles moteurs hors achalasie

9 10 54

Khashab 2015

Page 37: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

Traitement des troubles moteurs œsophagiens « hypotoniques »

Règles HDBien mâcher, aliments “lisses”, eau gazeuse?

MédicamentsAucun traitement actuellement disponible pour stimuler la motricitéoesophagienne

Traiter le RGO ++

Kessing and Smout, Manual of HRM, 2013

Page 38: Frank ZERBIB Bordeaux France - Aquitaine Gastro...Disorders with EGJ outflow obstruction Major disorders of peristalsis (Entities not seen in normal subjects) Minor disorders of peristalsis

• La manométrie HR est devenue le gold standard pour le diagnostic des troubles moteurs œsophagiens

• La classification de Chicago repose sur l’évaluation de la relaxation de la JOG et la présence d’anomalies significatives du péristaltisme œsophagien

• L’identification des 3 principaux types d’achalasie a des implications thérapeutiques

• Les dilatations pneumatiques ne doivent plus être proposées en cas de type III

• La myotomie endoscopique pourraient être particulièrement utile (supérieure à la myotomie chirurgicale) dans les troubles moteurs spastiques (Type III, Jackhammer, spasmes)

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