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1 Mood Disorders Module 50

1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorders Bipolar Disorder Explaining Mood Disorders

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Page 1: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

1

Mood Disorders

Module 50

Page 2: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

2

Psychological Disorders

Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorders

Bipolar Disorder

Explaining Mood Disorders

Page 3: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

3

Mood Disorders

Emotional extremes of mood disorders come in two principal forms.

1. Major depressive disorder

2. Bipolar disorder

Page 4: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Major Depressive Disorder

Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders. In a year 5.8% men and 9.5% women report depression

worldwide (WHO, 2002).

Chronic shortness of breath

Gasping for air after a hard run

Major Depressive Disorder

Blue mood

Page 5: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are

not caused by drugs or medical conditions.

1. Lethargy and tiredness2. Feelings of worthlessness3. Loss of interest in family &

friends4. Loss of interest in activities

Signs include:

Page 6: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Dysthymic Disorder

Dysthymic disorder lies between blue mood and major depressive disorder. A

disorder characterized by daily low level depression lasting two years or more.

Major DepressiveDisorder

Blue Mood

DysthymicDisorder

Page 7: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Bipolar Disorder

Formerly called manic-depressive disorder, alteration between depression

and mania signals bipolar disorder.

Multiple ideas

Hyperactive

Desire for action

Euphoria

Elation

Manic Symptoms

Slowness of thought

Tired

Inability to make decisions

Withdrawn

Gloomy

Depressive Symptoms

Page 8: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Bipolar Disorder

Many great writers, poets, composers suffered from bipolar disorder. During

their manic phases, their creativity surged and dropped off during their

depressive phases.

Whitman Wolfe Clemens Hemingway

Bettm

ann/ Corbis

George C

. Beresford/ H

ulton Getty Pictures L

ibrary

The G

ranger Collection

Earl T

heissen/ Hulton G

etty Pictures L

ibrary

Page 9: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Theory of Depression

3. Gender differences

Page 10: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Theory of Depression

4. Depressive episodes self-terminate.

5. Depression is increasing, especially in the teens.

Post-partum depression

Desiree N

avarro/ Getty Im

ages

Page 11: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Biological Perspective

Genetic Influences: Mood disorders run in families. Rates of depression is higher in identical (50%) than fraternal twins

(20%).

Linkage analysis and associations studies link

possible genes and dispositions for

depression.

Jerry Irwin Photography

Page 12: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Neurotransmitters & Depression

Post-synapticNeuron

Pre-synapticNeuron

Norepinephrine Serotonin

Reduction of norepinephrine

and serotonin has been implicated in

depression.

Drugs that alleviate mania

reduce norepinephrine.

Page 13: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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The Depressed Brain

PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with manic

and depressive episodes.

Courtesy of L

ewis B

axter an Michael E

. P

helps, UC

LA

School of M

edicine

Page 14: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Social-Cognitive Perspective

The social-cognitive perspective suggests that depression arises partly from self-

defeating beliefs and negative explanatory styles.

Page 15: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Depression Cycle

1. The negative stressful events.

2. Pessimistic explanatory style.

3. Hopeless depressed state.

4. Hampers the way the individual thinks and acts, and thus fuels personal rejection.

Page 16: 1 Mood Disorders Module 50. 2 Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders  Major Depressive Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Explaining Mood Disorders

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Example

Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed.