Ch. 16 - Psychological Ch. 16 - Psychological DisordersDisorders

Psychological disordersPsychological disordersHow do we classify disorders?How do we classify disorders?Types of disordersTypes of disordersLabeling Labeling What are:What are:

Anxiety disorders?Anxiety disorders?Mood disorders?Mood disorders? Dissociation disorders?Dissociation disorders?Schizophrenic disordersSchizophrenic disordersPersonality disorders?Personality disorders?

How do we classify How do we classify psychological disorders?psychological disorders?

DSM-IV-TRDSM-IV-TRPDMPDM

Psychodynamic Diagnostic ManualPsychodynamic Diagnostic ManualNew in 2007New in 2007

DSM-IV-TRDSM-IV-TR

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Mental Disorders (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR)(4th. Ed. Text revision(TR)

Used to identify psychological disordersUsed to identify psychological disorders

Types of disordersTypes of disorders

Neurotic disordersNeurotic disordersDisorders that allow you to think & function Disorders that allow you to think & function

sociallysociallyOlder term - Vague - used minimallyOlder term - Vague - used minimally

Psychotic disordersPsychotic disordersIrrational thoughtsIrrational thoughtsDebilitatingDebilitating

What is the effect of labeling What is the effect of labeling psychological disorders?psychological disorders?

It biases your perception of the patient’s It biases your perception of the patient’s behaviorbehavior

After you know the diagnosis (label) even After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis.that diagnosis.

What are anxiety disorders?What are anxiety disorders?

Generalized Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety Disorder

Vague expectation that something bad will Vague expectation that something bad will happen.happen.

Unfocused, out-of-control negative Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings.feelings.

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

Panic attackPanic attackAgoraphobia - fear of situations you can Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can

not escape if a panic attack occurs.not escape if a panic attack occurs.

PhobiasPhobias

An irrational fear of somethingAn irrational fear of somethingE.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spidersE.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spidersSocial phobia - fear of social situationsSocial phobia - fear of social situations

(Shyness taken to an extreme)(Shyness taken to an extreme)

Obsessive - compulsive Obsessive - compulsive disordersdisorders

Obsessive = thoughtsObsessive = thoughtsThoughts that won’t go awayThoughts that won’t go away

Compulsive = behaviorCompulsive = behaviorChecking a locked doorChecking a locked doorStraightening books or fringe on a carpetStraightening books or fringe on a carpetHand washingHand washingFlashingFlashing

Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(PTSD)

Causes:Causes: TraumaTrauma WarWar RapeRape

Effects (symptoms)Effects (symptoms) NightmaresNightmares FlashbacksFlashbacks Social withdrawalSocial withdrawal AnxietyAnxiety Insomnia (trouble sleeping)Insomnia (trouble sleeping)

What are mood disorders?What are mood disorders?

DepressionDepression The “common cold” of psychological disordersThe “common cold” of psychological disorders Main reason people seek mental health servicesMain reason people seek mental health services

Dysthymic disorderDysthymic disorder Between “feeling down” and clinical depressionBetween “feeling down” and clinical depression Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or

moremore SymptomsSymptoms

Low energyLow energy Low self-esteemLow self-esteem Never happyNever happy

Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

Depression to manic episodesDepression to manic episodesAlternating between hopelessness and Alternating between hopelessness and

unrestrained optimism.unrestrained optimism.

Dissociation and multiple Dissociation and multiple personalitiespersonalities

Dissociative disordersDissociative disorders

Conscious awareness becomes separated Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.thoughts and feelings.

Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personalities)(Multiple personalities)

Two or more distinct identities that control Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior.their behavior.

Each person has its own voice and Each person has its own voice and mannerisms.mannerisms.

One personality is usually unaware of the One personality is usually unaware of the others.others.

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

““Split mind”Split mind”Disorganized thinkingDisorganized thinking Inappropriate emotions & actionsInappropriate emotions & actionsHallucinations (see or hear things)Hallucinations (see or hear things)Delusions (“I am God”)Delusions (“I am God”)False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)

Types of SchizophreniaTypes of Schizophrenia

ParanoidParanoidDelusions or hallucinationsDelusions or hallucinationsThemes of persecutionThemes of persecution

““The Russians are after me.”The Russians are after me.”

DisorganizedDisorganizedDisorganized speech or behaviorDisorganized speech or behaviorFlight of ideasFlight of ideasInappropriate emotionInappropriate emotion

Types of schizophrenia (cont.)Types of schizophrenia (cont.)

CatatonicCatatonicMotionless - for long periods of timeMotionless - for long periods of timeParrotlike repeating of another’s speechParrotlike repeating of another’s speech

UndifferentiatedUndifferentiated

Many different symptoms as discussed Many different symptoms as discussed before.before.

What are Personality What are Personality Disorders?Disorders?

Antisocial personality disorderAntisocial personality disorderFormally called sociopath or psychopathFormally called sociopath or psychopathNo conscience - (e.g. serial killer)No conscience - (e.g. serial killer)