Format APA Bibliografi

FORMAT BIBLIOGRAFI

General Rules

Single

Author

Last name first, followed by

author initials.

Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship

quality and social development.

Current Directions in Psychological

Science, 11, 7-10.

Two

Authors

List by their last names and

initials. Use the ampersand (&)

instead of "and."

Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E.

(1994). Mood management across

affective states: The hedonic

contingency hypothesis. Journal of

Personality & Social Psychology,

66, 1034-1048.

Three to

Seven

Authors

List by last names and initials;

commas separate author

names, while the last author

name is preceded again by

ampersand (&).

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun,

C. R., Berry, A., White, A., Ganster,

D. C. & Harlow, T. (1993). There's

more to self-esteem than whether it

is high or low: The importance of

stability of self-esteem. Journal of

Personality

More Than

Seven

Authors

APA 6th ed. uses “. . .”

instead, replacing all authors

between the sixth author and

the last author:

Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G.,

Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P.,

… Berry, A. (2001). Writing labs

and the Hollywood connection.

Journal of Film and Writing, 44(3),

213-245.

Author -

Malay

Names

(without

Omit bin/binti Asmah Binti Omar

Cite as

Asmah Omar. (1991). Kemahiran

berbahasa. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:

family names) Penerbitan Pustaka Antara.

Author -

Chinese

Names

First name first, followed by

author initials.

Chu Chin Ning

Cite as

Chu, C. N. (1995). Simulated counter-

current adsorption processes: A

comparison of modeling strategies.

Chemical Engineering Journal, 56, 59-

65.

Author -

Chinese

Names with

English

Names

Family names followed by the

initials of the English name

and the author initials

Vincent Foo Hiap Khian

Cite as

Foo, V. H. K. (1983). Sarawak: Mini

episodes of the past. Selangor,

Malaysia: Fajar Bakti.

Author-

Indian &

Sikh Names

(without

family names)

Omit d/o, s/o, a/l, a/p Narrayani a/p Jeganathan.

Cite as

Narrayani Jeganathan. (2009).

Inherited

Names

Cite as it is Raja Ahmad Niza.

Cite as

Raja Ahmad Niza. (2009).

Conferred

titles

Omit title Tun Mahathir Mohamad

Cite as

Mahathir Mohamad

Local

Government

Institution

as Author

Cite under state and followed

by the name of department in

Malay

Pahang, Jabatan Alam Sekitar.

(2009).

Foreign

Government

Institution

Cite under state or country and

followed by the name of

department in English

New Zealand, Department of

External Affairs. (2009).

as Author

Unique

Corporate

Body Names

If the name starts with

Foundation (Yayasan), Board

(Lembaga), cite as it is given

Yayasan Sabah. (2009).

Organizatio

n as Author

American Psychological

Association. (2003).

Conference

Names with

Numbers

Do not include the numbers Fifth Asia-Pacific Physics

Conference

Cite as

Asia-Pacific Physics Conference

Unknown

Author

Don‟t use „Anonymous‟ Merriam-Webster's collegiate

dictionary (10th ed.).(1993).

Springfield, MA: Merriam-

Webster.

Reference List : Books

Basic Author, A. A. (Year of Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R.

Format for

Books

publication). Title of work:

Capital letter also for subtitle.

Location: Publisher.

Note: APA 6th ed. always includes

a country (if the city is not

American) or a two-letter state

code (if the city is American.

(1991). APA guide to preparing

manuscripts for journal publication.

Washington, DC: American

Psychological Association.

Neftci, S. N. (2009). Principles of

financial engineering (2nd ed.).

London, England: Academic.

Lawford, C. K. (2009). Moments of

clarity: Voices from the front lines of

addiction and recovery. New York, NY:

William Morrow.

Edited

Book, No

Author

Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J.

(Eds.). (1997). Consequences of

growing up poor. New York, NY:

Russell Sage Foundation.

Edited Book

with an

Author or

Authors

Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged

journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed.). New

York, NY: Anchor.

A

Translation

Note: When you cite a

republished work in your text, it

should appear with both dates:

Laplace (1814/1951).

Laplace, P. S. (1951). A

philosophical essay on

probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L.

Emory, Trans.). New York, NY:

Dover. (Original work published

1814).

Edition

Other Than

the First

Helfer, M.E., Keme, R.S., &

Drugman, R.D. (1997). The

battered child (5th ed.). Chicago,

NY: University of Chicago Press

Article or

Chapter in

an Edited

Book

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.

(Year of publication). Title of

chapter. In A. Editor & B.

Editor (Eds.), Title of book

(pages of chapter). Location:

Publisher.

Note: When you list the pages of

the chapter or essay in

parentheses after the book title,

use "pp." before the numbers:

(pp. 1-21). This abbreviation,

however, does not appear before

the page numbers in periodical

references, except for

newspapers.

Rogoff, B., & Mistry, J. (1985).

Memory development in cultural

context. In M. Pressley & C.

J.Brainerd (Eds.), Cognitive

learning and memory in children

(pp. 117-142). New York, NY:

Springer-Verlag.

Multivolume

Work

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of

listening. The New Criterion,

15(30), 5-13.

Reference List : Articles in Periodicals

Basic Form The APA style dictates that authors are named last name followed by

initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a

period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the

first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical

title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which,

with the title, is also italicized or underlined.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.

Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.

Article in

Journal

Paginated

by Volume

Journals that are paginated by

volume begin with page one in

issue one, and continue

numbering in issue two where

issue one ended.

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals

for preparing psychology journal

articles. Journal of Comparative

and Physiological Psychology, 55,

893-896.

Article in

Journal

Paginated

by Issue

Journals paginated by issue

begin with page one in every

issue. Therefore, the issue

number gets indicated in

parentheses after the volume.

The parentheses and issue

number are not italicized or

underlined.

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of

listening. The New Criterion,

15(30), 5-13.

Article in a

Magazine

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9).

Making the grade in today's

schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Article in a

Newspaper

Unlike other periodicals, p. or

pp. precedes page numbers

for a newspaper reference in

APA style. Single pages take

p., e.g., p. B2; multiple pages

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28).

Calls made to strengthen state

energy policies. The Country

Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

take pp., e.g., pp. B2, B4 or pp.

C1, C3-C4.

Letter to the

Editor

Moller, G. (2002, August). Ripples

versus rumbles [Letter to the

editor]. Scientific American, 287(2),

12.

Review Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing

the self-knowledge myth [Review of

the book The self-knower: A hero

under control ]. Contemporary

Psychology, 38, 466-467.

Reference List : Other Print Sources

An Entry in

an

Encyclopedia

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity.

In The new encyclopedia

britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).

Chicago, NA: Encyclopedia

Britannica.

Work

Discussed in

a Secondary

Source

List the source the work was

discussed in:

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B.,

Atkins, P., & Haller, M.

(1993). Models of reading

aloud: Dual-route and

parallel-distributed-processing

approaches. Psychological

Review, 100, 589-608.

NOTE: Give the secondary

source in the references list.

In Seidenberg and McClelland's

study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis,

Atkins, & Haller, 1993), ...

In the text, name the original

work, and give a citation for

the secondary source. For

example, if Seidenberg and

McClelland's work is cited in

Coltheart et al. and you did

not read the original work, list

the Coltheart et al. reference

in the References. In the text,

use the following citation:

Dissertation

Abstract

Yoshida, Y. (2001). Essays in

urban transportation (Doctoral

dissertation, Boston College,

2001). Dissertation Abstracts

International, 62, 7741A.

Government

Document

National Institute of Mental Health.

(1990). Clinical training in serious

mental illness (DHHS Publication

No. ADM 90-1679). Washington,

DC: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

Report from a

Private

Organization

American Psychiatric Association.

(2000). Practice guidelines for the

treatment of patients with eating

disorders (2nd ed.). Washington,

DC.: Author.

Published

Conference

Paper in

Book Form

Hasmah Zanuddin,& Azizah

Hamzah. (2007). International

trade agreement of intellectual

property rights (TRIPS), copyright

issues & burden to enforce in

Malaysia. In Choi K. Y. (Ed.),

Korean studies in Southeast Asia:

Strategic cooperation and

development in research and

education: Proceedings of the 2nd

International Conference of the

Korean studies Association of

Southeast Asia University of

Malaya, Kuala Lumpur (pp. 121-

138). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:

University of Malaya.

Proceedings

published

regularly

online

To cite proceedings that are

published regularly, use the

same format as for a

periodical

Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins,

C.E., & Lent, R. (2008). The basic

nonuniformity of the cerebral

cortex. Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences 105, 245-

249. doi:

10.1073/pnas.0805417105

Unpublished

Conference

Paper

Nadaraja Kannan. (2006, Nov).

The economic depression of the

1930s: Its impact on race relations

in the Federated Malay State.

Paper presented at the

International Association of

Historians of Asia Conference,

Manila, Philippines.

Academic

Exercise /

Santini, S. N. (2008). Research

methods for business: A skill

Thesis

(Unpublished

)

building approach. (Unpublished

master‟s thesis). University of

Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Reference List : Electronic Sources

Article From

an Online

Periodical /

Databases

Online articles follow the

same guidelines for printed

articles. Include all

information the online host

makes available, including an

issue number in parentheses.


(Date of publication). Title of

article. Title of Online

Periodical, volume

number(issue number if

available). Retrieved from

http://www.someaddress.com

/full/url/

APA 6th ed. does not include

the retrieval date unless the

source is likely to change

often (for example, a Wiki).

Instead, “Retrieved from” is

used.

APA 6th ed. does not include

database information;

instead, the home page URL

of the journal is used.

Article without DOI:

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on

writing the living Web. A List Apart:

For People Who Make Websites,

149. Retrieved from

http://www.alistapart.com/articles/cit

e living

Statistics New Zealand. (2000).

Agricultural production statistics

1999. Retrieved from

http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_a

nd_services/access-data/tables/agri

culture-stats-1999.aspx

Note:

If a DOI is available it should be

used instead of the URL (see

below).

If both the journal's URL and the

DOI are unavailable, the best

course is to treat the source as you

would an offline journal.

Article with DOI:

Gelkopf, M., Ryan, P., Cotton, S., &

Berger, R. (2008). The impact of

“training the trainers” for helping

tsunami-survivor children on Sri

Lankan disaster volunteer workers.

International Journal of Stress

Management,15(2), 117-135.

doi:10.1037/1072- 5245.15.2.117

DOI: Many online journal entries

include a DOI, either with the

copyright information or in the

online citation. If a DOI is present, it

should be used instead of other

retrieval information.

Online

Scholarly

Journal

Article



article. Title of Journal,

volume number. Retrieved

from


/full/url/

Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist

response to the nature of human

rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics,

8. Retrieved from

http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont

.html

Online

Scholarly

Journal

Article with

Printed

Version

Available

If the article appears as a

printed version as well, the

URL is not required. Use

"Electronic version" in

brackets after the article's

title.

Whitmeyer, J.M. (2000). Power

through appointment [Electronic

version]. Social Science Research,

29, 535-555.

Online

Newspaper

article

Author, A. A. (Date of

publication). Title of article.

Title of Newspaper. Retrieved

from


/fullurl

NOTE: Give the URL of the

home page when the online

version of the article is

available to avoid nonworking

URLs.

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11).

Mental reserves keep brain agile.

The New York Times. Retrieved

from http://www.nytimes.com

Online

Magazine

Article

Author, A. A. (Date of

publication). Title of article.

Title of Magazine. Retrieved

from


/fullurl

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs.

ideology: Psychologists fight back

about the misuse of research.

Monitor on Psychology, 39(6).

Retrieved from

http://www.apa.org/monitor/

Nonperiodica

l Web

Document,

Web Page, or

Report

List as much of the following information as possible (you

sometimes have to hunt around to find the information. If there is a

page such as http://www.somesite.com/somepage.htm, and

somepage.htm does not carry the information you are looking for,

move up the URL to http://www.somesite.com/)

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of

document. Retrieved from http://Web address.

Title of document (Date of publication). Retrieved day, month, year,

from http://Web address

NOTE: When an Internet document is more than one Web page,

provide a URL that links to the home page or entry page for the

document.

Chapter or

Section of a

Web

Document



article. In Title of book or

larger document (chapter or

section number). Retrieved

from


/full/url/.

NOTE: Use a chapter or

section identifier and provide

a URL that links directly to

the chapter section, not the

home page of the Web site.

Engelshcall, R. S. (1997). Module

mod_rewrite : URL Rewriting

Engine. In Apache HTTP Server

Version 1.3 Documentation

(Apache modules.) Retrieved from

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mo

d/mod_rewrite. html

Online Forum

or Discussion

Board

Posting

For a message posted to an

online newsgroup, forum, or

discussion group, include the

title of the message, and the

URL of the newsgroup or

discussion board.

NOTE: If only the screen

name is available for the

author, then use the screen

name. However, if the author

provides a real name, use

their real name instead. Be

sure to provide the exact date

of the posting. Follow the

date with the subject line, the

thread of the message (not in

italics). Provide any identifiers

in brackets after the title, as

in other types of references.

Frook, B. D. (1999, July 23). New

inventions in the cyberworld of

toylandia [Msg 25]. Message

posted to

http://groups.earthlink.com/forum/m

essages/00025.html

Computer Ludwig, T. (2002). PsychInquiry

Software [computer software]. New York, NY:

Worth.

Reference List : Other Non-Print Sources

Interview, Email,

and Other

Personal

Communication

s

No personal communication

is included in your reference

list; instead, parenthetically

cite the communicators

name and the date of the

communication in your main

text only.

(E. Robbins, personal

communication, January 4, 2001).

A. P. Smith also claimed that

many of her students had

difficulties with APA style

(personal communication,

November 3, 2002).

Motion Picture Basic reference list format:

Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D.D. (Director). (Date of

publication). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of

origin: Studio or distributor.

Note: If a movie or video tape is unavailable in wide distribution,

add the following to your citation after the country of origin:

(Available from Distributor name, full address and zip code).

A Motion Picture

or Video Tape

with

International or

National

availability

Smith, J.D. (Producer), &

Smithee, A.F. (Director). (2001).

Really big disaster movie [ Motion

picture]. United States, NY:

Paramount Pictures

A Motion Picture

or Video Tape

with Limited

Availability

Harris, M. (Producer), & Turley,

M. J. (Director). (2002). Writing

labs: A history [Motion picture].

(Available from Purdue University

Pictures, 500 Oval Drive, West

Lafayette, IN 47907)

Television

Broadcast or

Series Episode

Producer, P. P. (Producer).

(Date of broadcast or

copyright). Title of

broadcast [ Television

broadcast or Television

series ]. City of origin:

Studio or distributor.

Egan, D. W. (Producer). (2006).

Failure to communicate

[Television series episode]. Los

Angeles, LA: Belarus Studios.

Single Episode

of a Television

Series

Writer, W. W. (Writer), &

Director, D.D. (Director).


episode [Television series

episode]. In P. Producer

(Producer), Series title. City

of origin: Studio or

distributor.

Wendy, S. W. (Writer), & Martian,

I.R. (Director). (1986). The rising

angel and the falling ape

[Television series episode]. In D.

Dude (Producer), Creatures and

monsters. Los Angeles, LA:

Belarus Studios.

Television

Broadcast

Important, I. M. (Producer).

(1990, November 1). The nightly

news hour [Television broadcast].

New York, NY: Central

Broadcasting Service.

A Television

Series

Bellisario, D.L. (Producer).

(1992). Exciting action show

[Television series]. Hollywood,

LA: American Broadcasting

Company.

Music Recording Songwriter, W. W. (Date of

copyright). Title of song

[Recorded by artist if

different from song writer].

On Title of album [Medium

of recording]. Location:

Label. (Recording date if

different from copyright

date).

Taupin, B. (1975). Someone

saved my life tonight [Recorded

by Elton John]. On Captain

fantastic and the brown dirt

cowboy [CD]. London, England:

Big Pig Music Limited.

Source: Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010). (6th

ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association

Documents

Format APA Bibliografi