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/:Dtilh 57[m

BHARUCHI VAHORA PATEL

A brief history of Bharuchi Vahora Patel community in India, Britiain, Africa, Canada and the USA. Edited by: Adam Ghodiwala Yacoob Mank Co-ordinated by: Siraj Patel “Paguthanvi” Sufi Manubari Imtiaz Patel © 2011 k=5lns# 5‹yd vlj+:‡> ª¼ÁÁ 7l/5k[7Âu> dc[s 7`lFkm[xf kòjk, a#M7f, i].s[. 7[:m> +44 1204 591709 /d[/m> mts@mahek.co.uk d}Mi> z ªÓ-¼¼ £2.00 $3.00

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vld]b 5

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¢. eZr; jc#zl 57[m kdlg> :nxl ß vh;h 7=slzj; 36

Ó. :a‹7fdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m# 62

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Ó.» 9i]haz; ß /salm w#z;jlml ² vlndel/ nlj; 107

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4

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sl4; gd;ff# vl 5‹n[x slfd tz;s[ v#4bli Ã, t[y; vc jktl

jc#zl 57[m# eZr; s[ slf:dil jc#zl 57[m sc[jli º

jc#zl 57[m# p„d; vf[ klc:ks à t[y; n[xl7f sz; 5zn[x#dL 56

jKil º clm klpy vl:Osl, :hDala±j[, hl:Davl, i]ulF9l,

7lFh:fvl, s[Fil, hl/vz ás#Fu#â, dlÇ:zxk, d#hl:Das g[jl vl:Osl

b=9fl n[x#dL jc#zl 57[m#f; r#y; 5Lrd; 5[0; º vl p5zLt

vd[:zsl, sÇf[9ldL V[Mml 5Lr[s nlisly; jc#zl 57[m# Kyli; yil º

kf Á»ÓÁy; jc#zl 57[m# :a‹7fdL vlj; jKil Ã, vf[ clm v[df;

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stlzdL 56 f#sz;-Jijkli vy¹ jc#zl 57[m# jk[ml º vl p5zLt

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jc#zl 57[m#f; jkt; º

jc#zl 57[m kdlg k]u‹:yt (close knit) Ã, vf[ vl kdlgf;

5#tlf; vluj; v#4b (identity) kn;v#y; 7s; zc; Ã. jc#zl

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K5Q7 5‹6lm;v# vf[ z;t:zjlú[ Ã, kldl:gs Z:0v# º

vl :h=nl:nm, u:tx;m jc#zl 57[m s#df# s#/ kj\u‹lc;, vlwlze}t

m[:bt /:tclk fy;. s[7mls u‹=y#dL jc#zl 57[m# :jq[ vuTif;

dl:ct; d4[ º v=u‹[ú[fl xlkfsl4dL Á¥‰‰dL 5‹:k• yi[m

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5‹u7 sz; g[dL eZr :gMmlfl k]Ff; jc#zl 57[m# :jq[ p5i#u;

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6

vf[ :k:•v#f# k=:1%t /:tclk’ 56 k]zt;-eZr; jc#zlv# :jq[f#

v[s v{:tcl:ks nKtlj[g º vl d}Mijlf, dl:ct;kez 5]Ktsf;

a;î k=jòwt vlj+:‡ v[:5‹m ª¼ÁÁdL 5‹u7 y/. vl p5zLt

Á»»»dL 5‹:k• yi[m n;5s alz9#m;sz s+t ‘jc#zl :je}:tv#’ 56

vu‹6; eZr; jc#zl 57[m# v=u[ dl:ct; 5}z; 5l9[ º jc#zl 57[m#fL

uld#dL g}fl gdlflf; jlt# sztl j9;m# vf[ j+•# 5lk[y; vl

s#df# V}7#Vjli# d~:bs /:tclk (oral history) d4[, 56 t[ i cj[

:jm;f yt# úi º

kf ª¼Á¼f[ vlzDe[ d}4 klz#nfl vf[ clm m=9f:Kyt ils}a 57[m

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kúu yil. t[d6[ o#f sz; d}4 fa;5]zfl vf[ clm dlFr[K7zdL

jktl /Kdl/mel/ s9]î kly[ jlt sz;. /Kdl/mel/v[ pfl4lf;

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Á. k=x#wf vf[ 5‹l%i dl:ct; vlwl:zt jc#zl 57[m#f# v:ws+t,

kj\m1; (comprehensive) /:tclk mbli t[ v:fjli\ º

vljl u‹=yy; vl56; pT5:‡ vf[ e}tsl4 :jq[ 2lt y/

jt\dlf vf[ el:j 5[0;v# jc#zl kdlgfl d}4 (roots)

:jq[f; kelftl s[4j[.

ª. v{:tcl:ks kelftl ãlzl e}t-jt\dlf-el:jf]= kltTi

(continuity) g4jli, 5[0;v# jRr[ vf]a=w (bond) krjli

vf[ kdlg tz;s[f; vl56; v[s vluj; v#4b (identity)

slid zc[.

ƒ. 5zn[x#dL jktl jc#zl 57[m#f# eZr :gMmldL jkt; jc#zl

57[m#f; d]Biwlzl kly[f# flt# 7s; zc[. clm jc#zl 57[m

kdlg blKk# k]u‹:yt (close knit) º v{:tcl:ks kelftlf[

5:z6ld[ vl kldl:gs dl4b]= (social structure) dga}t zc[

7

vf[ :j:RVFftl (alienation) tyl :j37f

(disintegration)f; 5‹:Sil v7s[.

¢. jc#zl 57[m kdlgfL d}Mi# (values), 5‹6lm;v#

(traditions) tyl kldl:gs Z:0v# (customs) krjli. vl

d}Mi#f]= el:j 5[0;v#dL k=Sd6 (dissemination) yli vf[

jc#zl 57[mfL al4s#fl kldl:gsz6 (socialization)f;

5‹:Sil kz4 af[.

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vf[ dil\nlv#f# Bilm vlj[.

¤. vl vEilkdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; kdKilv# tlNx

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vl56l kdlgfl :jslk dl7[f; sli\k}:r (action plan) t{ilz

szjldL vl dl:ct; b5 mlu[.

vl 5‹sM5 (project)f; 5‹lz=:es rrl\ 5V; jc#zl 57[m#fl

/:tclkf]= k=5lnf szjlf]= vd[ Kj;sli]| Tilz[ vl sli\ s[7m]=

eu;zy à t[f# Bilm ct# g. vlj# dcTjlsL1; u‹=y t{ilz

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jRr[ 5}z[5}z; vf[ v:ws+t dl:ct; d[4jjlf]= v3Z=. VtL vdf[

mlUi]= s[ kdlgfl :ctly¹ vl sld v:fjli\ º xsi v[7ml b=t

vf[ r;j7y; :jut# v[s:Ôt sz; t[f]= nKtlj[îsz6

(documentation) szj]=. vl :jut# m]%t yli t[ vulp v[f[

v=s[ sz; m[j;. vld, eZr; jc#zl 57[m#f; nxl-:nxl :jq[f#

vlm[b t{ilz szj#.

8

p5z#å dil\nlv#f[ slz6[ vl u‹=ydL siLs vw}z; dl:ct;

cx[, s[7m;s :jut# b}7t; cx[, vdlz; r;j7 VtL siLs

:jutn#q cx[. 56 vl u‹=yf]= gdl5lk]= v[ s[ v[fly; eZr;

jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; v[s P65 5}zli º vEilk; ú6slz#

vl jLr; v[dLf; Ô]:tv# tzo vdl½= Wilf n#zx[ t#

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57[m#fl /:tclkf# dltaz u‹=y t{ilz szjlf; 5‹[z6l d4x[

vf[ t[ fj[kzy; t{ilz szx[ t# vdlz; dc[ft m[b[ mlux[.

vl 5‹slzf]= k=5lnfsli\ v[sm[ cly[ szjlf]= xsi fy;. vl

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s:j :dÔ sdlm 57[m, snd 7=slzj;v[ vl:ny; v=t k]w; vldL

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:jq[fl 5‹sz6f]= k=smf si]|.

m=9f:Kyt /Kdl/mel/ b}6ljlmlv[ k=ne\u‹=y# p5mAw sz;

vl%il, v[dfl 5#tlfl vEilkf[ vlwlz[ :jut# vl5; vf[

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sz; vl%i]=.

alaz a=a]kz;fl kci#uy; AmÇsaf\ :jq[, i]k]oel/ :knltfl

kci#uy; m[K7z :jq[, vhdt bL:wilfl kci#uy;

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e;d 5lk[y; 5‹l%t y/.

9

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:jut5‹r]z 5‹sz6 t{ilz sz; vl%i]=.

vl 5]KtsdL kdl:jQ7 :jut# vdf[ vf[s j9;m# vf[ :dÔ#

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s#dfl s[7mls i]jlf#v[ kdi ol4j; 5‹Åflj:mfl p‡z mb;

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10

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s9;jlm, j;kfuz;, rz#tz;, slfd; s[ eZr; 57[m, k]zt;, s8#z;vl,

3Lr; jc#zl, df;vlz, r#59l vf[ k]czljnÉ 2l:tv# º x;vl

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m#7;il jc#zl º

slfd; s[ eZr; jc#zl ‘57[m’ tz;s[ v#4bli à t[df; d]Bi jkt;

eZr :gMmldL fd\nl fn;fl p‡z;i :jKtlzdL º a+cn u]gzlt; s#x

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chzt pdz áz:nvMmlc]vFc]âf; :bmlotfl kdidL csd

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11

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12

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13

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14

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yil v[ b½=, 56 t[ vulp k]mtlf d]cDdn t3mbfl kdidL

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15

kNdlu\ Ã t[ ú:t. olzk;dL ‘aczg’ xAn xl6l j[5lz; dl7[ j5zli

Ã, v[7m[ aczg 5zy; jc#zl yi]= c#i.

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16

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18

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20

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31

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32

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33

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34

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35

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36

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zlb[ º

elztf]= a=wlz6 56 vl56f[ wlòds Kjlt=çi tyl úf,

dlmfl z16f# v:wslz vl5[ º

d]:Kmd :jz#w; zdbl6#f[ u]gzlt; kdlgf]= sm=s vf[ n}q6

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57[m#v[ 56 v:m%t zc[jlf[ anm[ vyjl v[ vl56; kdKil

40

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5‹u7 yli s[ tzt KjKy, :jj[s; elqldL 5‹:telj mbjl.

d]:Kmd :jz#w; dlfk wzljtl s7lzm[bs# s[ rrl\5Ô;v# :jq[,

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41

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s[k sz; Fili dLuj#.

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t[f; wlz; vkz yi[m;.

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rrl\ szj;, vf[ slinls;i slzjlc; :jq[ :jrlzj]=. zlctsli\

dl7[f; i#gfl szj;.

42

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43

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44

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rmljli.

45

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dslf#f]= aLwsld d#7[ 5li[ rlm[ º k]ylz, s:9il, %mDaz,

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46

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47

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48

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k5fL k[j[ t[dL sx]= b#7]= fy;. 56 5zn[x g/f[ g[ sld

szjlf]= c#i t[ dl7[ k=5}6\ kGg y/f[ gjlf# kn=tz velj º

g[f[ m/ 5zn[x 5c¾r; smlsfl ª y; ƒ 5lpF9 s[ d:cflfl

Áª¼¼ zÇF9dL f#sz; sz;f[ 0kz9# szjlf# jlz# vlj[ º

5#/F7 :kK7dy; s[f[9l, i].s[., v#K7`[:mil s[ Fi}h;m[F9 g[jl

n[x#dL 5c¾rjlf; mlislt b}a g v#Vl i]jlf# 5‹l%t sz; xs[

º

a[slz i]jlf# s]V=n tyl Jikf#fl e#u af[ º w}d‹5lf klj

kldlFi. s[7mls uld#dL fx;ml 5nlyl¹ á9`Uhâ, nlZ, g]ulz,

u}7bl ju[z[f; m7 a[slz i]jlf#dL :njk[ :njk[ jwjl dL9; º

v[ p5zLt s59L vf[ vFi o[xf 5lV4 br\, d#al/m o#f,

:oMd, 5l7Év#f# S[h i]jlf# i]jt;v#dL jwjl dL9i# º

¤. n;f; t;m;d

vl56; s#dfl pmdlv[ :szld[ vl56l kdlgdL n;f;

tlm;df; 5‹x=kf;i JijKyl Pe; sz; º klz; v[j; k=BildL

d«kl-dsta# vf[ nlZm pm}d# º vl dl4blf[ jw] sli\1d

afljjl s#dfl cdnnl¹ tzoy; vdf[ s[7mLs :nxlk}rf# 5‹l%t

yiL à g[ vc rrl\:jrlz6l dl7[ 5‹Kt]t º vl dlÔ d=tJi#

vf[ k}rf# º /Kmld; N:Q7s#6 vf[ s#df; n;fn]:filf;

eml/f[ m1dL zlb; vl d=tJi# alat vlbz; :f6\i t#

pmdlv[ :szld g sz; xs[.

ásâ d«[kl

n;f; tlm;dfl dl4blfl 5lildL uld[uld, 8[s8[sl6[ al4s#

dl7[ rlmtl d«kl º clmdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL vljl

d«klv# s[7ml, v[dL 50tL al4s#f; k=Bil, d]nòzk#f; k=Bil,

t[dfl 5ulz, dslf ju[z[f; k]:jwl, vljs-br\ tyl tlm;df;

u]6j‡l (quality) v=u[ kj¹16 sz; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt szj;.

49

d«kl tlm;df[ jw] vkzslzs afljjl dl7[ g[ k}rf# d$iL t[

f;r[ d]ga Ã>

áÁâ jc#zl 57[m kdlgfl awl d«klv#dL nlZm pm}d[ t{ilz sz[m

s#q\-vEilkSd c#i. vl vEilkSd al4s#fl jig}y 5‹dl6[

S:ds (graded) c#i. jlòqs 5z;1l 56 nlZm pm}d[ f§;

sz[m w#z6# (standard) vf]klz m[jli. v[s kzb#

vEilkSd vf[ 5z;1lv# c#i t# awl d«klv#dL v[s kzb;

tlm;d d4[ vf[ u]6j‡l g4jli.

áªâ nlZm pm}d d]nòzk#f; tlm;d (training) dl7[ vEilkSd

rmlj[. vlj; tlm;d d]nòzk tz;s[ :fd6}=s vulp (pre-

service) vyjl ² vf[ d]nòzk tz;s[f; f#sz; nz:dilf (in-

service) u#8j; xsli.

nz[s d«kldL vlj; tlm;d 5ld[m d]nòzk# c#i.

áƒâ d«klfl vEilkSddL 5lilf; n;f; tlm;d kly[ :jqi tz;s[

vza; x;bjli. ú[ vza;f]= :x16 5•:tkz v5li t# pn}\

:jqif; gZz zc[ fcÂ. /Kmldf]= 5lilf]= :x16 vza; vf[

u]gzlt; ãlzl vl5; xsli.

vza; x;bjjl dl7[ i#Ui 5l8i5]Kts vf[ x;bjjlf; i#Ui

5•:t c#i t# al456dL al4s klt jq\f; d«kl tlm;d

nz:dilf vza;f]= kl½= v[j]= 2lf d[4j; xs[.

á¢â nlZm pm}ddL g/ /Kmldf]= pRr :x16 d[4jflz al4s#f;

k=Bil Kjlel:js z;t[ dil\:nt c#i, v[7m[ vlxz[ »¥Þ

al4s# t# n;ff; 5lilf; tlm;d d«klv#dL 5‹l%t sz[ º vl

N:Q7v[ d«klv# kdlg dl7[ vTi=t dcTjfl º d«klf;

kuj9#, k=rlmf, tlm;d, jltljz6, u]6j‡l ktt :jsktL

zc[ v[jl 5‹ilk# yjl ú[/v[.

50

ábâ nlZm pm}d

vl56l kdlgdL a]h]ul¹f; :osz vf[ dc[ft#y; nlZm pm}d#

Ky5lil Ã, vf[ n;ff; pRr tlm;d vl5[ º n;sz;v# dl7[ 56

vmu nlZm pm}d# º nlZm pm}d#dL n;f; tlm;dfl

vEilkSdf]= vli#gf t# pmdlv[ :szld sz[ v[ z;t[ rlm[ g

º vdf[ g[ k}rf# d$iL Ã t[ dlÔ JijclZ alat#f[ mutL º

nlZm pm}d#fl k=rlms# vl d=tJi# :jq[ :jrlz; v[dL vl56l

kdlgf; n;f;-n]Fij; eml/ Ã v[d mlu[ t# v5flj; xs[.

d=tJi# zg} szflzf# c[t] kdlgdL nlZm pm}d#f# 5‹elj

(impact) jw[ vf[ v[ jw] vkzslzs (effective) yli v[j#

º

eZr; jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt awl nlZm pm}d#f]= v[s k=u8f

af[. nlZm pm}d#fl 5‹:t:f:wv#f; s:d7; zrli g[ f;r[

g6lj[m 5‹j+:‡v# sz; xs[>

áÁâ s#/ 56 nlZm pm}df[ kzslz; sf9ut, vkldl:gs tTj#

tzoy; s[ vFi z;t[ c[zlfu:t c#i t# v[f; rrl\ vf[ kld}:cs

5‹:tslz.

áªâ fl6ls;i s[ vFi kdKIll c#i t[dL kci#u.

áƒâ nlZm pm}dfl k=rlmff; u]6j‡l jwlzjl s#/ 5•:t

v5flj; c#i vf[ kl½= 5:z6ld vlJi]= c#i t# t[f; (good

practicef;) rrl\ vf[ vf]ej#f; vl5-m[.

á¢â nlZm pm}d#dL n;f; tlm;df[ mut; 5‹j+:‡v# dl7[ pKtln#

vf[ tlm;a[ /Mdf; 5zK5z d]mlslt# vf[ vlnlf5‹nlf

(exchange).

áuâ a;g]= d=tJi nlZm pm}d#fl vlòys dl4bl v=u[f]= º nlZm

pm}d#dL 50flzl al4s# clm v[df; gZ:ziltf; r;ú[ -

51

flXt#, kla], 7]y5[K7, c[zv#/m, v‡z, 7]jlm, s59L ju[z[

aúzdLy; bz;n[ º nlZm pm}d# e[uL d4; flf[ 5li[ gZz;

r;ú[fl pT5lnf vf[ j[rl6f; s[:F«i JijKyl u#8j; xs[,

g[ds[ aÇsz;, flf; n}wf; 9[z;, kla]f; o[s7z;, s59L k;jjlf]=

slzblf]=, awl nlZm pm}d#fl cúz# :j„lyÉv#f]= kj¹16 sz;

t[ r;ú[ gyla=w bz;n; :j„lyÉv#f[ V}7s 5}z; 5l9; xsli vf[

xsi c#i TiL pT5lnf sz; xsli.

nz[s :j„lyÉ hEel, m¿3l, 7#5; dl7[ aúzdL g/ s#/s

n]slf[y; sl59 bz;n[, 5V; s#/s 7[mz 5lk[ g/ k;j9lj[ t[fl

anm[ nlZm pm}df; g uld¹F7±k o[s7z; c#i t# kKt]= 59[,

k]ud 59[.

nlZm pm}d#fL zk#9l= dl7[ vflg, xlselî Pul9jlf;

JijKYll 56 u#8j; xsli. vl dl7[ b[9}t#, rlsz# zlb; sld

szlj; xsli. u#Xtf; gZ:zilt 5}z; szjl 0#zpV[z vf[

stmblflf; JijKyl sz; xsli. t[m dl7[ flf; v#/m :dm

xZ sz; xsli.

vl awL sld# dl7[ g[ t[ 1[Ôfl vf]ej; dl6k#f[ j[tf vl5;

z#sjldL vlj[. vl k}rff]= tlT5i\ v[ g s[ nlZm pm}d#f; g[

bz;nx:å (purchasing power) Ã t[f# fo# vf[ mle

nlZm pm}d#f[ g d4[ vf[ nlZm pm}d# Kj:fe\z vf[

Kjljm=a; (self-reliant) af[.

pT%llnf-j[rl6f; vl JijKYll nz[s nlZm pm}ddL Pe;

szjlf; gZz fy;. s#/ v[s 8[sl6[ vlj; s[:F«i JijKYll Pe;

yli vf[ TiLy; awl nlZm pm}d#f; gZ:zilt# 5}z; yli.

pT5lnf-bz;n-j[rl6f; vl 5‹j+:‡ pKtln# vf[ tlm;a[

/Mdfl n;f; tlm;dfl slddL :j1[5 f 5l9[. nlZm pm}dfl

jc;j7stl\ w;z[ w;z[, Sdx> vl JijKYll u#8j[ vf[ nz[s 1[Ô

dl7[ g[ t[ 1[Ôfl :fQ6Lt, vf]ej; dÇf[gz#, sd\rlz;v# f;d[.

52

vl d=tJi jLr; v[j# 5‹Ä yli s[, nlZm pm}df[ n]slf aflj;

n[j;³ bz;n j[rl6f;, j[5lzf; gUil aflj; n[j;³ nlZm pm}d

n]slf f af[ 56 nlZm pm}dfl f[ú c[84 cmlm w=wlnlz;f;

k]:jwl Pe; yli t# t[ n;ff]= v[s sld g º ‘út dc[ft>

vlòys 5‹u:tf; rlj;’ :stladL d~mlfl ckf e9s#«j;

klc[a j[5lz :jq[ d]cDdn ákMmMmlc] vmi:c jkMmdâf]=

ozdlf 7Ls[ Ã s[, “/zxln ozdlJi# s[ k#nluz; s[ j[5lz sz#,

slz6 s[ z#h;fl nk elu Ã, g[ 5{s; fj elu oå j[5lzdL

Ô.

vMmlcf[ d=g}z c#i t#, xsi à s[ KjlyÉ d}9;jlnfl vl i]udL

nlZm pm}d# cmlm pT5lnf vf[ j[5lzfl h:zic af[ vf[

n[xf]= vy\slz6, pT5lnf1[Ô - aúz x#qs#, folb#z#,

szr#z#, sl4laú:zilv#, k=u‹cb#z#, e[4k[:4ilv#f;

r]=ulmdLy; d]å yli. vl s=/ flf]= sld f sc[jliÚ

á3â Ô;g]= k}rf nlZm pm}dfl sli\1[Ô (role) :jq[f]= º n;f;

tlm;ddL nlZm pm}df]= Kylf i}:fjòk7; g[j]= u6li. pRr n;f;

tlm;d vl5jlf]= dcTjf]= sld t# nlZm pm}d sz[ g º vl

p5zLt k[jl :jKtz6fl f;r[ g6lj[m slil¹ 56 y/ xs[>

áÁâ d«kl-dsta# dl7[ vEilkSd# 39jl. vEilkSd vlwl:zt

:stla#-5l8i5]Kts# t{ilz szjL. vl p5zLt al4s# zk5}j\s

vsl/n tyl /alnt :jq[ x;b[ t[ dl7[ rl7\, 5#K7z# vf[ vFi

x{1:6s klwf# (teaching aids) t{ilz sz; d«klv#f[

vl5jL.

áªâ d«klf; tlm;df]= :fz;16 sz; u]6j‡l jw[ t[ dl7[ dlu\nx\f

vl5j]=.

áƒâ d«klv#f; 5z;1lf]= dl4b]= u#8jj]=. awl d«klv#dL v[s

kzb; tlm;d vf[ 5z;16 c#i t[j]= vli#gf szj]=.

53

á¢â d]nòzk#f; f#sz; vulpf; tlm;df# s#q\ rmljj# vf[ t[f]=

kò7:os[7 vl5j]=. vldL d]nòzkf; sldu;z;, ju\dL x;bjjlf;

5•:tv#, al4s# kly[ Jijclz ju[z[f# kdlj[x yli.

áÓâ n;f; tlm;d vlb[ztf; t{ilz; dl7[ t# Ã g, vf[ v[f; oh;mt

56 Ã g. 5zFt], tlm;a[ /Md nlZm pm}ddLy; ol:zu yli t[

5V; k=klz; îjf îjjlf]= º îjf:fjl\c dl7[ awlf[ /dld

s[ d]nòzkf; gUilv# f 56 d4[. vc dLu (demand) vf[

5}zj8l (supply)f# :fid mlu] 59[. t[y; tlm;a[ /Mdf[

cmlmf; vlî:jsl z4jl dl7[ i#Ui w=wl s[ p„#u s[ slz:snÉ

dl7[ tlm;d vl5j; 59[.

v[ g z;t[ vlm;dl aft; n;sz; s#q\ 5}z# sz; u+:c6; afx[.

v[ z#m azlaz vnl sz; xs[ t[ dl7[ al4 k=el4 (child

care), 3zf; vljs-újs (home economics), s]7]=af;

vljsdL 7[s# yli t[ dl7[ s#/ u+cp„#u, cKt p„#u

(handycraft)f; tlm;d gZz; º

7}=sdL, nlZm pm}ddL klt vl8-jq\ zc[flz tlm;a[ /Mdfl

50l/ 5V;fl k=klz; îjf :jq[ :jrlz; 5‹Ti[s tlm;a[ /Md

v[s kl½=, Kjdlfe[z, Kjlôi; îjf îj[ v[ dl7[ vl56[ v[f[

s[j; z;t[ t{ilz sz; xs;v[ t[ alat u=e;ztly; vli#gf szj]=

ú[/v[. vulp a]h]ul¹v[ n;f; tlm;df; kly[ a]s al/F9Âu,

3:9il4 z;5[zÂu, 7#5;v# afljj;-w#j; v[j; slz;uz;f;

tlm;d zlb[m;. vlgfl i]udL vlj; dLu# blk zc; fy;, vf[

fjl p„#u#f; tlm;d gZz; af; º 56 d}4 d]N# t# v[ g s[,

n;f; tlm;df; kly[ îjf:fjl\c vf[ vlî:jsl dl7[f; tlm;d

56 d4[ t# nlZm pm}df]= :x16 jw] kdt#m af[.

á¤â cl/ Ks}m, s#m[gdL e6tl i]js# dl7[ j[s[xf nz:dilf n;f;

tlm;dfl jul¹ nlZm pm}ddL rmljli. vlfly; d«kl

tlm;ddL srlx zc; c#i t[ k]wz[ (remedial teaching),

54

i]js# jw] n;f; /Md d[4j[ vf[ nlZm pm}dfl dlc#mf; vkz

h;m[.

á‰â n;f; alat#dL otljl :jelu ãlzl nlZm pm}d kdlgf[

dlu\nx\f vl5[ g º vl p5zLt m#s#fl :dMst v=u[fl s[

a;ú s~7]=:as h39l c#i vf[ t[v# /RV[ t# n;f; z;t[ kdlwlf

dl7[ nlZm pm}ddL vlj; xs[. nlZm pm}d s#7\f]= sld sz[ Ã

v[d fcÂ< 56 aFf[ 51#f[ kLe4; nlZm pm}d dWiKy;

(mediator) af[ vf[ n;f; c]sd# 5‹dl6[ kdlwlff; i#gfl

(formula) vl5[. aFf[ 51# vl Kj;slz[ t# s#7\fl b#7l vf[

d#7l br\ tyl w§l vf[ c[zlfu:tdLy; ar; úi.

‰. :ozslalî>

vl56l kdlgf; kdKilv# :jq[fl g[ d=tJi# vdf[ 5‹l%t yiL

t[dL d#7l elufl :x:1t el/v#v[ :osl\alî vf[ n;f;

/:Btmlo tyl dtdtLtzf[ u=e;z kdKil u6lj; º

Á»Ó¼fl ul4ldL vl kdKil Pe; y/ vf[ p‡z#‡z jszt;

u/ º xZvltdl a[ :osl\ vf[ kdi gtL :osl\dL 56 5[7l

:osl\ v[d kdlg flfl flfl g}y#dL jc¿rlt# úi º

eZr; jc#zl 57[m#v[ vljl e[nelj# tyl fozt vf[ j[zh[z

xl dl7[ o[mli à t[fL slz6#f; P=9; t5lk szj; ú[/v[, vf[

5#tlfl v=ut Kjly\ bltz s#dfl 7}s9l szflz vf[ ã[q

o[mljflz tTj#f[ v#4b; úslz# vl5j# ú[/v[.

n;f; alat[ vmu N:Q7ñan] c#i t# 56 kldl:gs alat#dL

k=5, k]d[4y; jt\j]= ú[/v[. jt\dlf i]udL vl56; s#d

vk=Bi kdKilv#f# kldf# sz; zc; º t[dL vl56[ 5#t[

v[sa;ú dl7[ kdKIllZ5 afjlf[ anm[ kly[ d4; kdlgf]=

kx:åsz6 (empowerment) szj]= ú[/v[.

55

:osl\alîf[ slz6[ s]7]=a# jRr[ vf[ silz[s v[s g s]7]=afl kEi#

jRr[ v=tz jwt]= úi Ã, vf[ kdlgdL foztf]= jltljz6

o[mli º vl v=u[ j[4lkz u=e;ztly; vf[ /Bmlk5}j\s

:jrlzjldL fc vlj[ t# jc#zl 57[m#f]= kldl:gs dl4b]=

:VFf:eFf yjlf# 9z º

¥. n]Fij; :x16

kdlgfl :jslk vf[ kd+:• dl7[ n]Fij; :x16 gZz; º s[7m;s

:j„lv# kdlgf; 5‹u:t dl7[ v:fjli\ º vlj; :j„l 5‹l%t

szjlf; gZ:zilt :jq[ /dld uhlm; ázcâ /c±il pm}d-/n±-

:nf :stladL sc[ Ã s[>

“g[ :j2lf# (sciences) n]:fildL 5‹u:t dl7[ gZz; Ã t[df]=

2lf 5‹x=kf;i Ã, g[ds[ v~qwxlKÔ (medicine),

u:6txlKÔ ju[z[. vl :j2lf# x;bjlf]= s#d dl7[ ‘oh¹

:solic’ º v[ g z;t[ b[t;, JijKyl5f (administration),

p„#u#, aulit (horticulture) ju[z[ kly[ k=s4li[m; :j„lv#

x;bjlf]= ‘oh¹ :solic’ º ú[ kdlgdL v[s 56 dl6k vl

:j„lv# f x;b[ t# vlb# kdlg u]f[ulz º”

jc#zl 57[m kdlgfL al4s#fl :x16 v=u[ f;r[ g6lj[m

k}rf# 5‹l%t yiL Ã>

áÁâ :gMml s1lv[ vlbl kdlg dl7[ ‘x{1:6s vf[ Jiljkl:is

dlu\nx\f s[F«’ Kyl5jlf; gZz º vl s[F« kdlgdL 5‹ly:ds,

dlWi:ds, pRr :x16 :jq[f; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt sz[. kdlgdL

:x16f]= 5‹dl6 s[7ml 7sl, :x16 5}½= sil\ juz xl4l V#9;

gflz al4s#f; k=Bil (drop-out rate), vl56l al4s#

e6tL c#i t[ xl4lv#dL :x16f; u]6j‡l ju[z[.

vl s[F« :jKtz6 k[jl (extension service) ãlzl vl56;

xl4lv#dL g/ x{1:6s vf[ vlu4 vEilkfl s#q\ -

k=Kylv# tyl slz:snÉ v=u[ dl:ct;-dlu\nx\f vl5[.

56

s[F« jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; x{1:6s alat#f]= k=smf sz[.

áªâ jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt 5‹ly:ds ² dlWi:ds ² pRrtz dlWi:ds

xl4lv#f]= k=u8f af[. xl4lv# v[sd[sf; kdKilv# cm

szjldL kcliZ5 yli, v[sa;úf; klz;, vkzslzs sli\ ²

:x16 ² jc;j7; 5•:tv# (good practices) f; vl5-m[ sz[,

e[ul d4; xl4l k]wlz6l i#gfl (school improvement)

aflj; vdm sz[.

áƒâ clm vl56l kdlg 5lk[ pRr :x16f; k=Kylv# fy;.

rrl\:jrlz6l ãlzl w;z[ w;z[ v[ :nxldL 5‹u:t sz; xsli.

nz:dilf p5z g[ s[F«f# pMm[b yi# t[ n[xezf; vf[

5zn[xf; 56 pRr :x16f; k=Kylv# :jq[ :j„lyÉv#f[

dl:ct; vl5[. klz; k=Kylv# kly[ k=5s\ zlb; vl56l

:j„lyÉv# dl7[ 5‹j[x vf[ vFi k]:jwlv# d[4j; vl5[.

vÇr.v[k.k;.dL kl½= 5:z6ld d[4jflz t[gKj; :j„lyÉv#

dl7[ :xQij+:‡v#f# 5‹a=w c#i. vl56l kdlgfl pRr :x16

5‹l%t sz[m tg2# (professionals) s[7ml à vf[ s[7mlf;

gZz à v[f]= kj¹16 sz; vli#gf yli.

á¢â s#m[g-i}:fjòk7;dL g/ pRr :x16 f d[4j; xs[ v[jL i]js

i]jt;v# dl7[ 7[s:fsm tlm;d dl7[f; v[s kD5}6\ k]:jwljl4;

k=Kyl Pe; szj;. clm g[ V}7; Vjl/ k=Kylv# Jiljkl:is

tlm;dfl jul¹ rmlj[ Ã, t[f]= v[s:Ôsz6 sz; v[s d#7; k=Kyl

aflj; xsli.

áÓâ kdlgfL al4s#f; x{1:6s 5‹u:tf# vlwlz t[ kdlgdL

:k:•5‹l:%tfl jltljz6 (achievement culture) p5z Ã.

vlk5lkfl kdlgf]= jltljz6 v[j]= c#i s[, al4sf[ dc[ft

sz;, P=r] m!i zlb; t[f[ 5‹l%t szjlf# t[fldL pTklc úu[.

vl56l al4s#dL vlTdu~zj (self-esteem) vf[

57

vlTd:jïlk (self-confidence) v#VL ytL úi º :dñ7u#,

rrl\v#, jstJi# ãlzl kdlgdL :k:•5‹[z6lf]= jltljz6 Pe]=

sz; xsli.

». KjlKYi k[jl

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br\ arx[ vf[ klzjlz dl7[ jw] klz; k]:jwlv# 5‹l%t yx[.

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gZz º vl56# kdlg Ji:åjln (individualism) tzo

kzt# úi º s#ddL :fKjly\elj[ zrflTds sld# szflzlf;

58

k=Bil v#V; º kdlgk[jldL 5#tlf; vf]s}4tl vf[ vlj9t,

sla[:mit (capability) 5‹dl6[ m#s# ú[9li v[j; 5‹6lm; Pe;

szj; ú[/v[.

v[s k}rf v[j]= Ã s[, vl56l kdlgdL :x1s s[ vFi

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sz; t[df[ v[jl k[jlsli\dL ú[9jl ú[/v[. kdlgdL v[j;

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clm kdlgfl :x:1t, kdgnlz, kGgf dl6k# úc[z sld#dL

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59

jt\dlf 5[0;fl f[tlv# t[gKj; i]jlf#f[ 5#tlf; kly[ slddL

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kdlg:ctfL s[7mL sld# sil| t[f[ vlwlz[ t[f; vlujlf;f]=

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kdlgdL nz[s 1[Ô[ v[j; :je}:tv# c#i à g[d6[ 5#tlfl

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kdlg[ vlj; 5‹:telxl4; Ji:åv#f; snz sz; t[df[ i]jl5[0;

kd1 mljj; ú[/v[. vldL Ji:åf]= kFdlf t# yli g Ã, 56

kly[ jc#zl 57[m kdlgf]= u~zj 56 jw[ º

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kdlgdL flf; d#7; vf[s k=Kylv# Ã, 56 v[dLf; d#7l

eluf; k=Kylv#f# kdlg 5z s#/ 5‹elj (impact or

influence) n[blt# fy;.

60

k=Kylv# :jq[ vdf[ g[ d=tJi# d$iL t[ f;r[ d]ga Ã>

kdlg[ nz[s k=Kylf]= d}MiLsf vc g6lj[m dl5n=9#y; szj]=

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szli.

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c#i.

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c#i.

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61

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s[ b=9flTds, eLuo#:9iL (destructive) fc 56 u=e;z vf[

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62

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63

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64

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65

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66

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Blair’s Hospital

Wilkinson’s Sanatorium

67

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j[zlu; 56 Á»Ó¥dL vc Kyli; yi[ml. t[ 5V; Á»Ó»dL 5:zi[gfl

jm; pdz d]Fx;, 7=slz;vlfl dKtlf a=umljlml vf[ 5u]y6fl

dcDdn slzs]f vlJil. Á»¤¼dL vc jkflz el/v#dL 7=slz;vlfl

vcdn jm; j#zlî tyl v{i]a vcdn sz;d, h=3lzfl dcDdn vm;

k]m[dlf, szdl9fl dcDdn d;zljlml po¹ xzovm; tyl /a‹lc;d

vlnd el/m#s, df]azfl /a‹lc;d aln;f, vAn]Mmlc vf[ /a‹lc;d

v#:wil d]Fx; d]Bi ctl. sl4Sd[ jKt; jwt; u/ vf[ clm 9;59[m

:jKtlzdL ac]dt; jKt; eZr; jc#zl 57[m#f; º

Jijkli>

xZvltdL vljflz jklct;v# :dm#, o[s7z;v#dL sld sztl ctl.

t[ 5V; 5#tlfl w=wl xZ sil\. dl7m;jlml a‹wk¹ uld¹F7±kf;

o[s7z;v# sz;. jclm]fl gfla vAn]muo]z jlhlv[ 56 uld¹F7±k vf[

5#M7`;fl w=wldL 5‹u:t sz;. szdl9f; el/m#s o[:dm;v[ 5‹#57É

9[jm5d[F7fl 1[Ô[ :jslk klWi#. s=a#m;fl pKdlfel/ kl:mil vf[

t[dfl 5]Ô# 56 m¾F9`; p5zLt 5‹#57Éf; m[-j[r vf[ ?D5#7\-

v[!5#7\f# w=w# sz[ º v[ :kjli 5‹[K7ffl jc#zl 57[m# u‹#kz; vf[

Fi}h v[gF7±kf; n]slf#fl dl:ms aFil. s[7mls 7[1;fl JijklidL

59il.

i]jl 5[0;v[ pRr :x16 5‹l%t si]|, v[f[ 5:z6ld[ clm 5‹[K7ffl jc#zl

57[m kdlgdL 56 s[7mls 9lÇs7z, k#:m:k7z, old\:kK7, 9[F7;K7,

v#%7;Xif vf[ v[slpF7F7 º fa;5]zfl cf;o d#cDdn jl9;jlmlf;

Mohammed & Co, jz[:9ilfl pdzîel/ alazfl n;szlf;

103

Barber & Co vf[ szdl9fl el/m#s s]7]=af; Bhailok Fielding

v[ jc#zl 57[m#f; ú6;t; js;m#f; 5[0;v# (Solicitors Firms) º

k=Kylv#>

5‹[K7fdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt vlxz[ ‰ g[7m; d:Kgn# tyl

d«klv# º ƒ s#Di]:f7; k[F7z# º

vcÂf; d:Kgn[ zhl 5lily; r6;f[ a=wli[m; 5[‹K7ff; k~ 5‹yd

a]:filn; d:Kgn º úd;vl d:Kgn vf[ s]Jjt]m /Kmld d:Kgn

vcÂf; a[ g}fldL g}f; d:Kgn# º dKîn[ f}z vf[ :jxl4 f}z c#mf]=

k=rlmf jc#zl 57[m#f; u]gzlt k]Ff; d]:Kmd k#kli7; sz[ Ã, g[fl

5‹d]b fa;5]zfl d]alzs vlnd 3=7;jlml tyl dlfn gfzm k[S[7z;

7=slz;vlfl /Kdl/m dc=dn b=9] ád;f; clo[îâ º vl :kjli o]mj]9

:jKtlzdL f}zlf; v[Gi]s[xf k[F7zf]= k=rlmf 56 jc#zl 57[m cKts

à g[fl 5‹d]b 5:zi[gfl /Kdl/m jm; ckf áeutâ º vl :kjli

d#cN;q[ vlhd :dxf cKts “dnf; k[F7z”f]= k=rlmf 56 jc#zl

57[m# sz[ º vf[s:jw 5‹j+:‡v#y; wdwdt]= vl k[F7z 9;59[m z#9

5z vlj[m]= º

5‹[K7ffl eZr; jc#zl el/v#v[ 56 5‹[K7f d]:Kmd uMk\

cl/Ks}mf; Kyl5fl sz; Ã, g[ clm cl/Ks}m p5zLt :k!y o#d\ s#m[g

56 º

v[ p5zLt ‘w u]gzlt d]:Kmd j[Mo[z k#kli7;’ 56 v:KtTjdL Ã g[

vjlzfjlz kl:c:Tis vf[ kldl:gs sli\Sd# i#g[ º jLtzkl-s#8;fl

gfla /a‹lc;d d[Daz vl k=Kylfl dlfn k[S[7z; Ã vf[ k=Kylfl

pTklc; 5‹d]b gfla dcDdnel/ vd;zt kly[ d4;f[ k=Kylf[

u:tdlf zlb[ º

úc[z îjf>

5‹[K7f slp:FkmdL jc#zl 57[m# k:Si elu m[ º d}4 /bzfl

jm;el/ 57[m m[Fs[xliz slpF7; slp:Fkmfl j9l ctl. fa;5]zfl

vcdn k/n 57[m K7[7 a[Fs vlÇo /:F9ilfl dÇf[gz ctl. i]k]o

104

el/m#s 56 úc[z îjfdL vu‹Kylf[ º ‘5‹#57É 9[jm5z’ vf[

‘:dMif[vz :ahf[kd[f’ tz;s[ v#4bli º ªÓ jq\f# s#Di]:f7;

js\f# vf]ej wzlj[ Ã. :x16dL blk zk m[ º t[v# d]:Kmd

slp:Fkm vlÇo :a‹7ffl gfzm k[S[7z; 56 zc; r}sil º d]kl clî

kLkz#njlml kldl:gs sli\sz à vf[ ‘eZr d]:Kmd d[:9sm vÇF9

j[Mo[z 7`K7, i].s[.’fl p5-5‹d]b º

kl:cTi>

:a‹7ffl u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif# vlz=e 5‹[K7fy; yi# u6li.

Á»‰¼dL vl mbflzfl :fjlkKylf[ ‘u]gzlt;

kl:cTi d=94’f; Kyl5fl yi[m;. Á»‰ƒdL gd\f;y;

x[blnd vla]jlml :a‹7ffl 5‹jlk[ vlJil Tilz[ v[df;

5‹[z6l vf[ k}rfy; vl d=94f]= ‘u]gzlt; zl/7k\

:uM9, i].s[.’dL Z5Ltz yi]=.

vl mbflz[ ásnd 7=slzj;â ‘:uM9’fl dlfn k[S[7z;

tz;s[ 8[8 ª¼¼¢ k]w; :fQ8l5}j\s k[jl aúj; ct;.

Kyl5fl sl4y; vl k=Kyl

u]gzlt; kl:cTi 1[Ô[ k:Si

º vlg5i|t v[fl p5Sd[

:a‹7fdL vlxz[ 5=r#t[z

g[7ml u]gzlt; d]xlizlv#

tyl kl:c:Tis sli\Sd#

i#úil º

vnd 7=slzj;fl xAn#dL “Á»¤ÁdL :a‹7f :Kyt yil Tilzy;

vlg5i|t u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif[ îj=t zlbjl snd 7=slzj;v[ g[

v:jzt 5]½qly\ sil¹ Ã t[f[ c]= :aznlj]= V]=. snd 7=slzj;fl fld#Mm[b

105

:jfl :a‹7ffl u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif# /:tclk vlm[bli v[ xsi

fy;. slJi kg\f, fj:msl, s7l1m[b#, 5ÔslzTj, kl:c:Tis k=Kyl,

fj#:nt#f[ dlu\nx\f, slJiu#:Q8, d]xlizl - vl 5‹Ti[s 1[Ô[ sndf]=

5‹nlf f¾w5lÔ º”

sndf; kl:c:Tis vf[ vFi k[jlv#f; snzZ5[ v[df[ 5‹[K7ffl :uM9

d[izfl cKt[ ‘:jï dlfj; 5l:zt#:qs’, 5[‹K7ff; d]:Kmd k#kli7;

tzoy; kFdlf, u]gzlt; zl/7k\ :uM9 vf[ :a‹7v[:xif Fi}h tzoy;

kFdlf tst;v# v5\6 sz; fjlgjldL vlJil º”

v#:5:fif dl:ksfl t=Ô; ô; :j5]m sMil6;fl xAn#dL “:jmlitfl

u]gzlt; kdlgfl v[s vu‹u^i s:j vAn]Mmlc sdlm 57[m ‘snd’fl

tlú uhmk=u‹c# ‘vljz6’ vf[ ‘j[nfl-k=j[nfl’f; m#sl5\6:j:w

Ô;k[s r}f=nl u]gzlt;v# jRr[ ª¢d; g}f ª¼¼ƒfl z#g vl n[xf;

pdzljkel (House of Lords)dL yi#. elql kl:cTif; s#/ 56

r#59;f# vlj# vl 5‹yd5c[m# vf[ v{:tcl:ks vjkz ct#.”

:a‹7ffl ú6;tl m[bs vf[ /:tclk:jn 9l†lel/ :dKÔ;fl dt[,

:a‹7fdL u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTi vf[ u]gzlt;tlfl gtfdL

m[Fs[xlizf]= vluj]= 5‹nlf º 9l†lel/ vcÂfl jc#zl 57[m#f[

‘:a‹7fdL u]gzlt;tlfl 5‹cz;v#’ tz;s[ v#4blj[ º

:a‹7fdL u]gzlt; kld:is 5‹u7 szjl alat[ 56 5‹[K7ffl snd

7=slzj; vu‹6; u6li. t[d6[ Á»‰¼dL “vljlh” kld:is xZ sz[m]=.

Tilz 5V; k[ujlfl ils]a jm;el/ 57[m[ g[v# vTilz[ Prison

Chaplain tz;s[f; k[jl aúj[ Ã t[d6[ “fji]u” fldfl dl:ksf]=

5‹slxf sz[m]= g[fl t=Ô; snd 7=slzj; vf[ kct=Ô; jz[:9ilfl

/:Dtilh 57[m ctl. vl kld:is#dL elql-kl:cTifL pRr w#z6#

g4jli[mL, vf[ :a‹7fdL u]gzlt; elqlf[ îj=t zlbjldL vl

5‹slxf#f# vd}Mi ol4# u6li.

sl4Sd[ fl6l=e;9 vf[ :a‹7ffl u]gzlt; kdlgf; pnlk;ftlf[ slz6[

vl kld:is# a=w yiL.

106

Ó.¥

m[FslK7zdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#

ala] 3#9;jlml

5‹yd jklct;v#>

m[FslK7zdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#fl jkjl7f; xZvlt Á»¤ªy; y/.

5u]y6fl clî vm; dlKtz tyl pdzî dlKtz, s=ylz;vlfl vAn]m

ylu;il vf[ ils]a n#ml, df]azfl vAn]Mmlc d]Fx;, kLkz#nfl

/a‹lc;d rLn;il, jm;el/ jclm]jlml, /bzfl i]k]o dlKtz mlml,

nilnzlfl vAn]m dg[ vf[ jm6fl /Kdl/mel/ uz;u5#7;

Á»¤ªdL m[FslK7zdL Kyli; yi[ml. t[ 5V; Á»¤¢dL 7=slz;vlfl d]kl

vcdn b#9l, /Kdl/m vcdn b#9l, v[.i].57[m tyl /a‹lc;d

dlKtz b#9l vlj[ml. clm m[FslK7zdL jc#zl 57[m#fL ‰¼ s]7]=a# º

Jijkli>

m[FslK7zdL vAn]Mmlc d]Fx;f; ‘k]mtlf vlÇo /:F9il’ fld[

vlm;xlf c#7m º nc[uldfl ils]ael/ :dK7z 56 z[K7#zL vf[

dslf#fl dl:ms Ã. vl p5zLt jc#zl 57[m# z[K7#zL vf[ 7[svj[

rmlj[ º Fi}h v[gF7±k vf[ s#f\z x#5# 56 º m[FslK7zdL 36l

jc#zl 57[m# dslf#fl dl:ms# (landlords) Ã, vf[ m[FslK7z

i}:fjòk7;fl :j„lyÉv#f[ el9}vlt tz;s[ zlb; klz; vljs sdli º

a[ i]js# old\:kK7 Ã, vf[ ¢ k#:m:k7z# º ª v[slpF7F7±k º

s[7mls vl/.7;. 1[Ô[ jÇakl/7 :9hl/fÂu ju[z[f]= sld sz[ º

k=Kylv#>

m[FslK7zdL jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt ª d:Kgn# vf[ ª d«kl º vFi

Ky4#f; g[d vc 56 V#sz;v#fl nlZm pm}df; Kyl5fldL jc#zl

57[m#f# ol4# f¾w5lÔ º

jc#zl 57[m#f]= s#/ s#Di]:f7; k[F7z s[ i]jl 5‹j+:‡ s[F« fy;.

107

Ó.»

9i]haz;, j[K7 i#s\xliz

/salm w#z;jlml ß vlndel/ nlj;

5‹yd jklct;v#>

eZr; jc#zl 57[m# vlz=e[ d]BiTj[ m[Fs[xlizfL 5‹[K7f, a#M7f,

AmÇsaf\ g[jL 7lpf#dL jKil. 5z=t] s[7mls i#s\xlizfl 9i]haz;dL

56 Kyli; yil. Á»Ó¤dL d}4 ñcum#7fl /Kdl/mel/ jlwz;jlml

vlj[ml. t[ 5V; Á»Ó‰dL szdl9fl /a‹lc;d nlj;, vAn]mel/

nzjlf, dc]wmlfl dcDdn ugzl, df]azfl pKdlfel/ r;d7l,

5u]y6fl dcDdnel/ slzs]f vf[ kLkz#nfl ckf dlKtz vlj[ml.

ñcum#7fl vcdnel/ d]Fx; tyl vcdnel/ dlKtz Á»Ó»dL

vlJil. Á»¤ÁdL nklffl jm; al5] vf[ kdlg k[js gfla

vlndel/ nlj; vlJil.

Jijkli>

9i]haz;dL jc#zl 57[m#fL vlxz[ ¤¼ g[7mL 5[7`#m K7[xf# º ƒ

el/v# dls¹7Âuf# w=w# sz[ º Á sÇ7zÂufl =wwljl4l m#s# dl7[f;

sÇx vÇF9 s[z; rmlj[ º Á d#7l 5lil 5z xln;v# ju[z[dL

bljl5;jlf]= k%mli sz[ Ã, Á u‹#kz; x#5, ¢ u‹#kz;f; d#al/m

:9:mjz; szflzl, ¢ g[f[ slzu# ád#7L 5lk\m#f;â :9:mjz; sc[ Ã t[,

Á 9[:F7K7, Á v#:%7:xif, ¤ old\:kK7, Á 7`lj[m v[gF7, ƒ 5#Q7

v#:ok#, Ó Kj;7 vf[ Fi}hx;7±k, ¤ d#al/m o#ff; n]slf#, ¢

s59Lf; n]slf#, ª aÇ:zK7z, Á js;m, ƒ î.5;. vf[ ÁÓ %mDaÂu,

5[/F7Âu 9[s#z[7Âu, /m[s:7`sm :oñ7u ju[z[ Kjz#gulz#dL º

k=Kylv#>

9i]haz;fl eZr; jc#zl 57[m#fl 5‹ilk#y; d:Kgn d«klv#f;

Kyl5fl y/ Ã. clm 9i]haz;dL jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt ¢ d:Kgn#

tyl ¢ d«kl º

108

9i]haz;dL tAm;u; dzsh à g[f]= aLwsld Á»‰¥dL xZ szjldL

vlJi]= ct]=. vl dzsh vTilz[ kdu‹ i]z#5f]= tAm;u; gdltf]=

c[9sjl7\z º v[f; Kyl5fldL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#v[ f¾w5lÔ 5‹nlf

sz[m]=, vf[ vlz=esl4dL slj;fl d~mlfl ils]a slkd; klc[a[

dlu\nx\f 5}½= 5l9[m]=.

n;f; 1[ÔdL d~mlfl ils]a slkd;

klc[af# ol4# 5‹ydy; g f¾w5lÔ z†#

º 5#t[ vf]ej; vf[ vEilk; c#/,

v[dfL vf]ej vf[ vEilk5}6\ mbl6#,

‘Z/it[ :cmlm’ vf[ fdlhfl kdi#f[

mutL k=x#wf# vf[ n;f; ailf#y;

vcÂfl m#s# 36L oihila yil º

vTilz[ d~mlfl ils]a klc[a 5#tlf; /Kml:ds xz/ slp:Fkm

(Islamic Shariah Council) ãlzl vFi /Kml:ds KslÇmz# kly[ d4;

vcÂfl vl56l kdlgdL z#gaz#g jwt; gt; tmlsf; kdKil vf[

kldl:gs îjff[ K5x\tl vFi dkvmlv# v=u[ :a‹7fezfl

d]kmdlf#f; xz/ z;t[ z[caz; sz; k]=nz :bndt v=úd n/ z†l º

úc[z îjf>

9i]haz;fl jc#zl 57[m# Kyl:fs zlgs;i k=Kylv#dL zk m[ º

slp:Fkmf; nz jq¹ i#út; Kyl:fs jlÇ9\f; r}=76;dL vf[ nz 5Lr jq¹

i#út; wlzlkelf; r}=76;dL c¾x[ c¾x[ elu m[ º s[7mls i]jlf#

m[az 51fl t# a;ú s[7mls sFhj¹7;j vf[ :ma-9[d 51#fl pd[njlz

af; r}=76;g=udL h=5mlj[ º clm slp:FkmdL 5u]y6fl vAn]m

dînfl n;szl km;d 57[m sFhj¹7;j 51fl slp:Fkmz º

109

Ó.Á¼

rlÇzm;, slÇj[F7`; vf[ ff;7f

p5z g6lj[ml xc[z# vf[ 7lpf# p5zLt m[Fs[xlizfl rlÇzm;,

:d9m[F9±hfl s#j[F7`; vf[ ff;7f g[jL xc[z# vf[ 7lpf#dL 56

jc#zl 57[m#fL s[7mLs s]7]=a# jk[ º

vl s]7]=a#dL rlÇzm;dL vl56; jc#zl s#dfl d#7l j[5lz; vf[

nlfj;z tyl eZrfl d]Fx; df]azjlml x{1:6s k=s]mfl Kyl5s vf[

jc;j7stl\ v[jl d}4 df]az uldfl clî d#cDdnel/ d]Fx; klc[a

vÇF9 o[:dm; vf[ j#zl kdf;fl clî /a‹lc;del/ klm[c blfklc[a

vÇF9 o[:dm;f# kdlj[x yli º p5zLt vc d~mlfl d[ca]a klc[a

n;f; :bndt#dL 5[x 5[x º

ÓÓ¼ fdlh;v# g[dL v[s;

kly[ fdlh 50; xs[ v[j;

rlzf#s K7`;7 vf[ a}‹s

K7`;7dL vlj[m; vcÂf; rlz

mlb 5lpF9fl br¹ af[m;

a]:filn; d:Kgn ‘nljt]m

/Kmld’fl aLwslddL clî

d#cDdn d]Fx; vf[ o[:dm;fl

dltaz nlf p5zLt jc#zl 57[m#f# d]Bi ol4# z†# º vl d:Kgnf;

pn3l7f:j:w dlr\ ª¼¼¤dL szjldL vlj; ct;.

s#j[F7`;dL 7=slz;vlfl dzc}d nlj}nel/ 5l/ vf[ jlk6#fl c#mk[mz

t[dfl gdl/ vlz;o /Kdl/m 5l/ vu‹Kylf[ º

ff;7fdL dc}\d ils]ael/ vdnljln; vf[ t[dfl n;szlv#,

szdl9fl jm;el/ a# tyl d}4 ñcUm#7 vf[ 5:zi[g uldfL d4; s]m

nk5=nz s]7]=a# vlaln º

110

¤

:a‹7fdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; kdKIllv#

g}f; 5[0;

:a‹7fdL vl56l jkjl7f[ V nlisl g[7m# kdiul4# yi#. vl

nz:dilf kdlgdL s[7m;s kdKilv# Pe; y/ º vldLf; s[7m;s

kdKilv# vl56[ elzty; kLKs+:ts a#ú (cultural baggage)

tz;s[ kly[ m/f[ vlj[ml, sl4Sd[ vl kdKIllv# jsz; vf[ jw]

u=e;z KjZ5 m;w]=.

:a‹7ffl kdlg kly[ vf]s}mftl (adjustment)f; 1dtl vl56[

s[4j; xsil fcÂ, vf[ elztf; dlf:kstl kly[ îjtl z†l. vlf[

slz6[ :a‹7ffl d]Bi5‹jlc k=ne¹ s[7m;s kdKIllv# b9; y/.

vl56; vc gFd; pVz[m; fj; 5[0; kly[ 56 vl56[ v=tz 59;

ui]=. t[df; kly[f# k=5s\ vf[ k=jln (dialogue) v#V# yt# ui#.

5:z6ld[ i]jl5[0;fl 5‹Åf# vl56[ kdî xsil fcÂ.

vl 5]KtsdL kdlj[x szjlfl c[t]y; vd[ s[7mls 5;0 j9;m# kly[

:a‹7fdL vl56; g}f; 5[0;f; d]Bi kdKilv# v=u[ rrl\ sz;. vl

rrl\v#fL tlz6# f;r[ d]ga Ã>

Á. wlòds dte[n#

vl56l kdlgdL :ozsl5zKt; vyl\t jl9la=w; t# :a‹7f

jkjl7 vulp 56 ct; g. 5z=t] vcÂfl jkjl7 nz:dilf

p‡z#‡z vl dte[n# jwtl uil º vlf[ 5:z6ld[ v[sa;ú

5‹Ti[ fozt 5[nl y/ º JijclzdL s9jlx vlj; º s]k=5

jwjly; vl56; k:cilz; (common) kdKilv# v=u[ kly[

d4;, kly[ a[k; rrl\:jrlz6l szjl g[7ml k=a=w# z†l fy;.

s[7mls m#s# n]vl kmldf# jc[jlz 56 zlbtl fy;. vlj;

k=s]:rt :jrlzkz6;f[ m;w[ kdlgf]= dl4b]= :x:ym yi]= º

m#s# v[sd[sy; vt9l zc[ Ã. vulp vl56l kdlgdL g[

111

d[4d[4l5 vf[ mUfk=a=w# ctl t[ v#Vl ytl úi º vlf[

slz6[ V#szl-V#sz;f; xln; dl7[ i#Ui 5lÔ x#wjlf]= d]Xs[m

af[ Ã s[ds[, 5k=nu;f]= 1[Ô k=s]:rt yt]= úi º m#s# 5#tlfl

:ozsldL vf[ cj[ t# v[ :ozslfl 56 5[7l :ozsldL mUfk=a=w

x#wtl-aLwtl yil º i#Ui 5lÔf; 5k=nu;dL g[ d]Xs[m; 59[

à v[fl 5:z6ld[ xsi à s[, mLa[ ul4[ vl56; i]jl 5[0; vFi

d]:Kmd kdlú[ vf[ u[zd]:Kmd kdlú[ kly[ 56 mUfu‹=:yy;

ú[9ljl mlu[. vljl s[7mls aflj# vTilz[ afjlf]= xZ y/ ui]=

º

ª. d:Kgn-d«[klf# jc;j7

vl56[ :a‹7fdL jkjl7 5V; 7}=sl ul4ldL d:Kgn-d«[klf]=

:fdl\6 b=t5}j\s si]|. vf[s 7lpf#dL jc#zl 57[m#fl 5‹iTf#y;

d:Kgn-d«[kl Pel yil, vf[ rlm[ º 5z=t] v[fl jc;j7 vf[

k=rlmf alat[ vf[s kdKilv# Pe; y/ º d:Kgnf;

s:d7;v#dL Kylf d[4jjl dl7[ smc vf[ h39l yli º vl

h39lf[ 5:z6ld[ rÇ:z7; s:dxfdL s[ Fililmi k]w; o:ziln#

yli º vlf# kln# p5li v[ s[, nz[s el/ d:Kgnfl a=wlz6f[

vf]kz[ vf[ dte[n Pe# yli t# h39# szjlf[ anm[ jl7l3l7

vf[ kdlgfl vf]ej; j9;m# vf[ jr\Kj wzljtl pmdlv#fl

kmlck}rf d]ga :fj[9# mlj[. j9;m# vf[ pmdlv#v[ vl dl7[

t{ilz; atljj; ú[/v[.

vl56l vf[s 7lpf#dL slpFk;m vlÇo d#Ks±k (Council of

Mosques) c#i º vl k=Kylv[ d:Kgnfl h39ldL dWiKy; s[

mjln (mediator) tz;s[ 59j]= ú[/v[, vf[ awl 51# kly[

rrl\:jrlz6l sz; kdKIllfl ps[mf; 5‹:SildL kcliZ5 yj]=

ú[/v[.

d:Kgn-d«[klfl k=rlmfdL i]jl5[0;f[ kcelu; aflj; t[df[

w;z[ w;z[ jc;j7f; gjlanlz; k¾5j; ú[/v[.

112

d:Kgn-d«[klf]= k=rlmf /Kmldf; 5‹6lm; d]ga vf[ :a‹7ffl

slinlf[ vlw;f yj]= ú[/v[. KjlKYi-kmldt; (health and

safety) tyl al4 z16 (child protection)fl slinly;

v2lf zc[jlf[ slz6[ vf[s kdKilv# Pe; yli º 36;jlz

d:Kgnfl /dld vf[ d#Mj;-d]nòzk# tyl s:d7;fl kEi# jRr[

blk sz;f[ sli\5•:t :jq[ vk=d:t vf[ dte[n Pe# y/

gtL f#at /dldfl V}7l y/ gjl k]w; s[ s:d7;fl zlîfldl

k]w; 5c¾r[ Ã vf[ 5V; d:Kgn-d«[klf]= t=Ô blkl kdi k]w;

b#zjl/ úi º al4s#f; n;f; tlm;d au9[ º d:KgndL

:njk# k]w; m9l/h39lf]= jltljz6 5‹jt¹ Ã. GiL xL:t vf[

k]s}f d4j]= ú[/v[ TiL vxL:t vf[ vg=5lf]= dlc#m kú\i º

d:Kgn-d«[kl g[j; gUilv# dl7[ vl 36;g :oszf; vf[

n]>bnlis alat sc; xsli. vl v=u[ nz[s[ kdî :jrlz;, v[s

a;úf]= dlf-kFdlf tyl d:Kgn-d«[klf; 5:jÔtl g4jli zc[

v[ z;t[ gjlanlz;5}j\s v[s klrl d]kmdlff[ Vlg[ v[ z;t[

jt\jlf; gZz zc[ º

ƒ. :j£fk=t#q; tTj# vf[ tsklw]v#

kdlgdL s]k=5 5[nl yli à , vf[ foztf]= jltljz6 o[mli Ã

t[fl d}4dL KjlyÉ, 5[7eZ, :j£fk=t#q; vf[ tsklw] tTj# c#i

º v[j; Ji:åv# 5#tlf]= :ct klwjl k=Kyl vf[ kdlgdL

dte[n# Pel sz[ Ã, vf[ 5#tlf; 7#4s; aflj; m#s#f]= x#q6

sz[ º s#/ 56 Ji:åf[ elzt s[ a;ú s#/ n[xy; vc wlòds

sli\Sd# dl7[ :fd=:Ôt sztL 5c[mL v[ :jrlzj]= ú[/v[ s[ vl

Ji:å vl56l Zclf; vf[ kldl:gs :jslkdL s[7m; p5i#u;

yx[³ jlih-ailf#y; Ji:å vf[ kdlgdL s#/ 5:zjt\f

(transformation) f vlj[ vf[ k]wlz6l (reformation) f

yli t# v[ ailf# d~mlfl vAn]Mmlc sl5#«j; sc[ Ã t[d, v[s

5‹slzf; ‘h[cf; v{ilx;’ (intellectual luxury) º

¢. oh]m br\

xln; s[ vFi 5‹k=u#v[ wldw}d vf[ n[bl9# (show-off) szjl

:fzy\s br\ yli Ã, vf[ vl56l kdlgdL vljl 5‹k=u# jw]

113

brl\4 ytl úi º s59Lm‡L bz;njl dl7[ 8[8 /:F9il s[ n]al/

gjlf]= kldlFi y/ ui]= º s#dfl pmdl-v[-:szld tyl

vlu[jlf#v[ vl v=u[ m#s#f[ úu+t sz; oh]m br\f# b]Mm#

:jz#w szj# ú[/v[. kdlgfl m[bs s:jv#v[ 56 v[ :jq[

m[b#-slJi# mb; m#súu+:t dl7[ 5‹iTf sztl zc[j]= ú[/v[.

Ó. a[ 5[0; jRr[f]= v=tz

g}f; 5[0; vf[ i]jl 5[0; jRr[f]= v=tz jwt]= úi º jltr;t

ãlzl s[ k=jln zr; v[s a;úf[ kdgjl dl7[f; e}:dsl fy;.

vl56; 5lk[ s#/ v[j; k=Kylv# s[ d=r (platform) fy; GiL

g}f;-fj; 5[0; e[u; y/ jltr;t sz; xs[. g}f; vf[ fj; 5[0;

5#t5#tlf; vmu n]:fildL îj[ º v[df[ v[sa;úf;

kdKIllv# s[ k]bn]>b kly[ ú6[ s#/ :fkat, m[jl n[jl fy;.

5‹Ä elqlf# fy; 56 jm6f# º vl56[ fj; 5[0; kly[

kD5s\fL :aFn] PeL sil| fy;. s#/ kel kdlz=e#dL a[

5[0;v# e[u; yli, k=jln sz[ v[j]= vli#gf fy;. vlf[ slz6[

fj; 5[0; jc#zl 57[m kdlg kly[ v[sZ5 (identify) yt;

fy;. 5#t[ jc#zl 57[m kdlgf# elu à v[j]= vf]ejt; fy;.

vl jm6 rlm] zc[ t# sl4Sd[ kdlgf]= dl4b]= t}7; 59[, vf[

:a‹7fdL jc#zl kdlg tz;s[f; vl56; v#4b (identity)

e}=kl/ úi.

¤. vt9l56]= (exclusivism)

:a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL fîjL slz6#kz m#s#

v[sa;úy; vt9l ytl úi º 5#tlfl kdlgfl m#s# kly[ g

d[4d[4l5dL d]Xs[m; c#i TiL a;ú kdlú[ kly[ t# k]d[4

siLy; kwli³ vdlz; rrl\ nz:dilf 5#tlfl vf]ejfl

vlwlz[ a#M7ffl JP ágK7;k vlÇo 5;kâ /salmel/ /klv[

v[j]= :jwlf si]| s[, vl56l kdlgfl m#s# exclusive vyl\t

vt9l ytl úi Ã. :a‹7;x kdlgfl d]Bi5‹jlc kly[ s#/

kD5s\ zlbtl fy;. vFi#y; n}z zc; 5#tlfl k=s]:rt s#rml

(cocoon)dL îj[ º vlf[ g slz6[ jzk#y; :a‹7fdL jktl

c#jl VtL vcÂiLfl m#s#f; jlt szjlf;, rrl\:jrlz6l

114

szjlf;, kdKIllv# vf[ dte[n# ps[mjlf; vf]sz6;i

sli\5•:tdLy; vl56[ sx]= g x;Bil fy;.

vlf# vy\ v[j# fy; s[, vFi kdlgfl n]u]\6# vl56[

v5fljjl. 56 vFi kdlú[ kly[ 5lzK5:zs Jijclz

(interaction) kn=tz s5l/ úi t# u[zkdú[ vf[ 5}j\u‹c#

jwtL úi vf[ vl56[ :jxl4 kldl:gs dl4bldLy;

cL:kildL ws[ml/ g/v[ (marginalised) s[ alslt y/

g/v[.

p5z#å kdKIllv# kly[ îjt; g}f; 5[0; t# cj[ btd yx[,

56 vl kdKilv# vl56[ jlzkldL fj; 5[0;f[ f vl5tl

g/v[ v[f]= Wilf zlbj]= vTi=t gZz; º vl56; el:j 5[0;v#

:a‹7fdL s/ z;t[ îjx[ t[f# vlwlz vl56l vlgfl jm6

(attitude), v:eud (approach) vf[ îjfx{m;

(lifestyle) p5z Ã.

115

:a‹7fdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; kdKIllv#

fj; 5[0;

:a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; i]jl 5[0; x]= :jrlz[ ó v[df; s/

d}=hj6# ó v[df[ s/ kdKilv# sf9[ ó vl56l kdlg 5‹Ti[f;

v[df; N:Q7 s[ kdg (perception) s[j; ó vl 5‹Ä#fl p‡z dl7[

vd[ v[s 5‹Älj:m (questionnaire) t{ilz sz; ZaZ vf[ /d[/m

ãlzl i]jlf#f[ 5c¾rl9;. m=9f, m[K7z, a#M7f, AmÇsaf\, 5‹[K7fy; Á¢

y; ƒ¼ jq\f; jifl i]js i]jt;v# tzoy; vdf[ g[ p‡z# d$il t[f#

klz f;r[ d]ga Ã>

vl56l kdlg :jq[fl i]jl5[0;fl bilmfL cslzlTds vf[ fslzlTds

aFf[ 5lkL n[bli º

Á. 36L i]js i]jt; kdg[ Ã s[, v[dfl j9;m# /:F9ily; vcÂ

vlJil vf[ d]Xs[m;v#f# kldf# sz; 5{k[7s[ kd+• yil t[fl

5‹tl5[ vdf[ kl½= îjf vf[ k]bkuj9# 5‹l%t y/ º

pnlcz6 tz;s[ a#M7ffl gfla vAn]m vh;h nlpn df]az;fl

n;szl, n;sz;v# vf[ 5]Ôjw]v# mb[ Ã s[,

“In our opinion what our forefathers have achieved is simply remarkable. They came to a strange country 5,000 miles from home. They came alone leaving behind their families. They came empty-handed. They were unskilled and could not even speak yes or no. They did not know where they will eat or sleep. All these incredible sacrifices were given by our elders so that we, the 3rd and 4th generations can have an easy life. Today’s Vohra youth are ever in debt to our granddads and great granddads for their sacrifices and achievements.”

“vdlzl dt[ vdlzl j9jlv#v[ g[ :k• si]| t[ f¾w5lÔ º

t[v# 5#tlfl jtfy; Ó¼¼¼ dl/m n}z vú^il n[xdL vlJil.

116

5#tlfl s]7]=af[ V#9; v[sml vlJil. blm; cly[ vlJil. t[df;

5lk[ s#/ s~xMi f ct]= vf[ /=Um;xdL ik-f# 56 vlj9t]= f

ct]=. t[v# siL blx[ s[ k}/ gx[ v[f; 56 t[df[ baz f ct;.

vl56l j9jlv#v[ vl dlfjldL f vlj[ v[jl e#u v[7ml

dl7[ vl%il s[ vl56f[ - v[df; Ô;î vf[ r#y; 5[0;f[ kl½=

îjf d4[. vlgf; i]jl5[0; knl dl7[ t[dfl nlnl 5znlnlf;

ó6; Ã g[d6[ e#u vl5; vl7m]= aw]= cLkm si]|.”

ª. g}f; 5[0;v[ i}z5fl n[xdL jk;f[ 56 5#tlf# n;f klrj;

zlBi#. d:Kgn, d«[kl, nlZm pm}d, tAm;u; dzsh# aflJiL

vf[ n;ff]= jltljz6 - dlc#m slid zlBi]=. vl 5[0;v[

vuda]:• jl5z; d]:Kmd o[/y Ks}m# 56 Kyl5;.

ƒ. g}f; 5[0;fl m#s# dc[ft]= vf[ 5:zôd; ctl. Á»‰¼-¥¼fl

ul4ldL 5]½q# KÔ;v# awL sld[ gtL. s#7f :dm# aFw y/ t[

5V; klc:ks jc#zl 57[m#v[ 5#tlfl flfl d#7l Kjt=Ô

w=wlv# xZ sil\, vf[ vlòys z;t[ k•z yil.

“We are proud of their achievents. We have come

a long way – vdf[ t[df; :k:• dl7[ uj\ º vl56[ 36L

vlu4 jw; 5‹u:t sz; º

¢. vl56# kdlg close knit k]u‹:yt º vdf[ kcli vf[ 7[s#

d4[ º They are there when you need them – tdlz[

gZz 59[ Tilz[ t[v# dnn dl7[ clgz c#i º

Ó. I am proud of my roots – dlzl d}4 kdlgf# df[ uj\ º

56 dlz[ vl56l e}tsl4 :jq[ vf[ jc#zl 57[m s#d :jq[ cg]

jwlz[ ú6j]= º

¤. vdf[ mlu[ Ã s[ vl56l jc#zl 57[m#dL k=5 s[ v[stl fy; -

They are so divided – m#s# vmu vmu :ozslv#dL

jc¿rli[ml º j4; k]zt;-eZr; vf[ vl uldf#, 5[ml uldf#

117

v[j]= :jrlz[ º jc#zl 57[m# k=s]:rt dlfkjl4l - narrow

minded º a;ú d]:Kmd#f[ Kj;slztl fy;.

‰. a;ú kdlú[ kly[ e4tl fy;. :a‹7ffl sMil6 5‹lÇg[s±7# s[

kdlg k[jlf; 5‹j+:‡v#dL elu m[tl fy;. We do not

engage - vl56[ úc[z :ctf; 5‹j+:‡v#dL a;ú kdlú[ kly[

kld[m ytl fy;.

¥. jc#zl 57[m kdlg static - :Ky:tr]Kt Ã, g9 Ã vf[

5:z:Ky:tf[ vf]Z5 anmlt# fy;.

». vl56]= kldl:gs k=u8f fa4]= vf[ vJij:Kyt º We are

not organised. m#s# e[ul d4; s#/ 5‹j+:‡v# sz[ t[ dl7[f;

k=Kylv# vl56[ Kyl5; fy;.

Á¼. vdf[ mlu[ à s[ vl56l kdlgdL 36L m#s# d}Mi# vf[ P=rl

:jrlz#f[ anm[ a[Fs a[m[Fk vf[ dlm:dMstf[ jw] dcTj vl5[

º

p5z#å nk d]Nlv#dL, :a‹7ff; jc#zl 57[m#f; i]jl5[0; vl56l

kdlg :jq[ x]= dlf[ Ã t[ K5Q7 yli º vl p5zLt, 5‹Älj:mdL vd[

i]jlf#f[ clm s/ s/ kdKilv# f9[ Ã v[j]= 5}V[m]=. vlfl p‡zdL

mLa; iln;v# d4;. v[f# 7}=sklz f;r[ d]ga Ã>

Á. vdlz; i]jl5[0;fl 5‹#Am[Dk :jq[ s#/ rrl\ yt; fy;. s#/v[

vlg k]w; vdf[ 5}Vi]= fy; s[, tdlz; s/ d]Xs[m;v# ó We

find it difficult to speak to anyone about our

problems - vdlz; kdKIllv# :jq[ s#f[ sc[j]=³ Our voice

is not heard. vdlz; jlt s#/ kLe4t]= fy;. j9;m# kly[

rrl\ szjldL elql 56 f9[ º

ª. Jikf#f]= 5‹dl6 jwt]= úi º s[7mls i]jlf# fx;ml 5nlyl¹

(drugs), xzla vf[ :kuz[7fl zjl9[ r9il º

118

ƒ. i]jl5[0; s]7]=a vf[ kdlgy; v4u;, j[u4; yt; úi º a;ú

kly[ e4tl fy;. They are keeping to themselves.

¢. i]jl5[0;, blk sz;f[ V#szlv#dL pRr :x16f]= 5‹dl6 v#V]= º

t[v# dlf[ Ã s[, j9;m# tzoy; 5‹#Tklcf fy;, vf[ i#Ui

dlu\nx\ff# velj º

Ó. j9;m# 5‹Ti[f]= dlf tyl :jj[s, dil\nl v#VL ytL úi º

u]gzlt; elql tyl vl56; k=Ks+:t 5‹Ti[ zk s[ vlsq\6 fy;.

¤. v=u‹[î vdlz; d]Bi elql af; u/ c#jly; d:Kgn#dL pn}\dL

ytL ú[x;mL ailf#dL vdf[ hlh; kdg 59t; fy;. n;ff;

klr; kdg s[4jlt; fy;. blk sz;f[ g]DvlfL ailf#

v=u‹[îdL 56 vjlzfjlz yli t# fji]jlf#f[ 36# olin#

yli.

‰. 36L i]jlf# dlf[ Ã s[, jc#zl 57[m#dL k=5 kcslz v#V# º

t[dfldL wlòds, kldl:gs jln:jjln vf[ h39l º

¥. s[7mls i]js#fl dt[, :a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL i#Ui

f[tlu;z; fy;. :j:jw 1[Ô[ s#df[ n#zj6; vl5[ v[j;

5‹:telxl4; Ji:åv# fy;. i]jl5[0; dl7[ role models v[7m[

s[ vlnx\ :je}:tv#f# velj º

». i]jl5[0; identity crisis v[7m[ 5#tlf; v#4b vf[ vk:mit

alat :ãwl vf]ej[ º v[d6[ British Muslim afj]= Ã, 56

s/ z;t[ t[ kdg fy;.

Á¼. :a‹7ffl d]:Kmd kdlgf]= media portrait v[7m[

kd}cdlWid#dL P8t; Vl5 negative vyl\t fslzlTds º

klr; Vl5 zg} szjl x]= szj]= t[ kjlm º

119

ÁÁ. s[7mls i]jlf# vkldl:gs, u]fl:ct 5‹j+:‡v# sz[ º slinlf#

e=u sz; 5#m;k t5lkf# e#u af[ º

Áª. i]jlf#dL a[slz; Ã, vf[ dlu\nx\ffl velj[ poor career

choices v[7m[ slz:snÉ 5k=nu; fa4; zc[ º

Áƒ. úc[z îjfdL vf[ zlgslz6dL i]jlf#f; s#/ tlm;d fy;

vf[ t[df[ hlh]= Kylf fy;.

Á¢. kdlgdL s#/ rrl\ kel, d[4lj9l, 5‹k=u pgj6;,

Kf[ck=d[mf# fy;. There is nowhere to go.

ÁÓ. kdlgdL s~7]=:as h39lv#f]= 5‹dl6 jwt]= úi º k=i]å

s]7]=adL kly[ zc[jlfl 5‹Ä# º tmlsf]= 5‹dl6 jWi]= º 5:z6ld[

single mothers s[ lone parents v[7m[ s[ v[sml cly[

al4s#f# pV[z szt; dltlv# ² :5tlv#f]= 5‹dl6 56 jWi]= º

Relationships break down easily. vlf[ 5:z6ld[ jc#zl

57[m kdlgfL family values – s]7]=a d}Mi# 3kltL úi º

Á¤. i]jl5[0;dL k=u;t, o}7a#m vf[ d#al/m o#ff; craze

uL956 jwt]= úi º

Á‰. vlnx\, k=t#q; îjf îjjlf[ anm[ e~:ts k]b# - fast

cars, easy money tzo n#7 Ã.

Á¥. i]jl5[0;f[ dc[ft vf[ 5:zôd szjlf; 5‹[z6l d4[ v[j]= work

culture – sld0]= jltljz6 kdlgdL fy;.

Á». xln; ju[z[ 5‹k=u#v[ too much mixing of boys and girls

- i]js i]jt;v# dil\nle=u yli v[ z;t[ V}7Vl7y; d4[ º cl

cl c; c; sz[ º

120

ª¼. kdlgfl m#s# wlòds 5‹j+:‡v#dL ú[9li Ã, 56 kldl:gs

5‹j+:‡v#dL zk m[tl fy; s[ e[ul d4; vlj; kdlg dl7[

mlenlis s#/ 5‹j+:‡ sztl fy;.

ªÁ. jc#zl 57[m kdlgfl i]js i]jt;v#dL self-esteem

vlTdkFdlf v#V]= º

ªª. vl56l kdlgf]= sMrz :a‹7ffl sMrzy; tNf vmu º v[f[

slz6[ i]jl5[0; confused à vf[ d}=hj6 tyl u}=rjl9lez;

:Ky:t vf]ej[ º

ªƒ. vcÂfl dlc#mf; vkzf[ m;w[ s[7mls i]jlf# u[zdlu¹ n#zjli

º t[df[ kdlg tzoy; kmlc dlu\nx\f d4tL fy; g[y; t[v#

r[t[ vf[ k]wz[. There are no efforts to bring them

back on track.

121

p5k=clz (Conclusion)

vl 5‹sz6#dL g[ kdKilv#f# pMm[b yi# vf[ t[dfl ps[m# dl7[fL g[

:nxlk}rf# 5‹Kt]t sil| t[f# c[t] vl56l kdlgf[ 5#tlf; jt\dlf

:Ky:ty; kelf sz; el:j :jq[ :jrlztl szjlf# º

vl56[ h95; 5:zjt\ffl i]udL îj;v[ V;v[. j{:Åjs;sz6

(globalization)f[ slz6[ kdlú[ vf[ îjfx{m;v# kld[ 59slz#

Pel yil º kdlg kúu f c#i t# vl 5:za4# t[f[ :VFf sz;

fLb[. kd}c dlWid#fl 5‹elj c[84 5‹úv#fL jm6# vf[ dlfk#

anml/ z†L º aú½ 5:za4# úc[zlt# ãlzl m#s#fl k=Kslz# e}=k;

fLb[ Ã (brain washing). kldl:gs Z:0v#f[ btd sz[ Ã, vf[

kdlgf]= :j37f (disintegration) sz; fLb[ º

vl 5:za4# kld[ cly ú[9; a[k; zc;v[ s[ s=/ f sz;v[ v[ :jsM5

fy; (doing nothing is not the option). kdlgf]= v:KtTj

7sljjl, u~zjei]| Kylf 5‹l%t szjl vf[ :jslk klwjl kdlg

k]wlz6lf; 5‹:Sil ktt rlmj; ú[/v[.

V[Mm[[ s#/ 56 s#d[ îj=t zc[j]= c#i t# v[6[ vjlzfjlz 5#tlfl :jq[

u=e;z56[ :jrlz szj# gZz; º vl56; vlg]alg] g[ o[zolz# ytl

c#i, g[ 5:zjt\f# ytL c#i t[df[ WilfdL zlb; vl56[ siL V;v[<

vlg k]w; vl56[ x]= x]= d[4Ji]= Ã vyjl x]= x]= u]dlJi]= Ã< vl56[ cj[

s/ :nxldL g/ z†l V;v[ ju[z[ alat#f# :jrlz f sz;v[ t#

vl56; vlg t# ú[/v[ t[7m; klz; fy;, vljt; slm 56 tNf

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