Chapter 1Introduction to the Computer-BasedInformation SystemMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1-*

Information ManagementInformation: The most valuable resource 1-*

Five Main ResourcesPersonnelMaterialMachines(including facilities and energy)MoneyInformation (and data)PhysicalConceptual}1-*

How Resources are ManagedAcquireAssemble, or prepareMaximize useReplace1-*

Factors Stimulating Interest in Information ManagementIncreasing complexity of business activityInternational economyWorldwide competitionIncreasing complexity of technologyShrinking time framesSocial constraintsImproved computer capabilitiesSizeSpeed1-*

Who are the Users?ManagersNonmanagersPersons & organizations in the firms environment1-*

The Influence of Management Level on Information SourceStrategic planning levelManagement control levelOperational control levelInternalEnvironmental1-*

The Influence of Management Level on Information FormStrategic planning levelManagement control levelOperational control levelDetailSummary1-*

Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All Functional Areas of the Firm FinanceFunctionHuman ResourcesFunctionInformationServicesFunctionManufacturingFunctionMarketingFunctionStrategic planning levelManagement Control LevelOperational Control Level1-*

What Managers do -- Fayols FunctionsStrategic Planning LevelManagement Control LevelOperational Control Level1-*

What Managers do -- Mintzbergs RolesInterpersonal rolesFigureheadLeaderLiaisonInformational rolesMonitorDisseminatorSpokespersonDecisional rolesEntrepreneurDisturbance handlerResource allocatorNegotiator1-*

Management SkillsCommunicationsProblem solvingHow can an information specialist help?1-*

Problem Solving Information Comes in Many FormsComputer ReportsNoncomputer reportsElectronic mailPeriodicalsTelephoneProblem SolvingWritten MediaOral MediaInternal SourcesExternal SourcesScheduled MeetingsUnscheduled MeetingsVoice MailToursBusiness MealsLetters & Memos1-*

Management KnowledgeComputer literacy

Information literacy

Whats the difference?1-*

System Components Component parts of a system that can control its own operationsObjectivesControl mechanismTransformationInputOutput1-*

Open-Loop SystemTransformationInputOutput1-*

Open versus Closed SystemsOpen system Connected to its environment by means of resource flowsClosed systemNot connected to its environment1-*

Systems Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental PartsSubsystem A-2Subsystem A-3Subsystem B-2Subsystem B-1SystemSubsystem ASubsystem BElemental Part CSubsystem A-1Elemental part B11-*

Physical and Conceptual SystemsPhysical system The business firm Composed of physical resourcesConceptual systemRepresents a physical systemUses conceptual resources InformationData 1-*

A Systems ViewBusiness operations are embedded within a larger environmental settingReduces complexityRequires good objectivesEmphasizes working together Acknowledges interconnectionsValues feedback1-*

Data and InformationInformation processorKey element in the conceptual systemComputerNoncomputerCombinationData is the raw material transformed into information1-*

Evolution of the CBISData Processing (DP)Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminalsDecision Support Systems (DSS) 1971Text books distinction:MIS: Organizational/group - generalDSS: Individual - specificOffice Automation (OA) 1964Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) - 1990s Heavy investment by businesses1-*

The CBIS ModelComputer-based Information System(CBIS)Accounting Information System ManagementInformation SystemDecision SupportSystemsThe VirtualOffice Knowledge-based SystemsDecisionsProblemInformationProblemSolution1-*

Information ServicesInformation specialists have full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining computer-based systems1-*

Traditional Communication ChainDatabaseAdministratorUserSystemsAnalystProgrammerOperatorComputerNetworkSpecialist1-*

End-User Computing (EUC)End-user computing Development of all or part of applicationsInformation specialists act as consultantsStimulants to EUCIncreased computer literacyIS backlogLow-cost hardware (the PC)Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)1-*

IS and EUC The End-User Computing Communication ChainUserComputerInformationSpecialistsSupportCommunication1-*

Justifying the CBISJustify in the same manner as any other large investmentEconomicCost reductionReduced inventory investmentIncreased productivity (CAD/CAM)NoneconomicPerceived value1-*

Achieving the CBIS1-*

Reengineering the CBISBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR)Reworking systemsGood system features retained Becoming development methodology of choice1-*

Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information SpecialistImplementationPhaseManagerInformation SpecialistControlControlControlControlPlanningAnalysisDesignUseDefine problemSupportSystem StudyDesign systemImplement systemMake available1-*

SummaryInformation is one of five main resourcesComputer output used by managers and nonmanagersA system is an integration of elements working toward an objectivePhysical ConceptualData vs. Information1-*

Summary [cont.]CBIS composed of various componentsAISMISDSSVirtual officeKnowledge-based systemsEnd-user computing trendsCBIS development1-*

Topik PresentasiHuman Resource Information SystemFinancial Information SystemManufacturing Information SystemAccounting Information SystemMarketing Information SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support SystemEnterprise Information SystemExecutive Information System

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