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Table of Contents

Site Analysis A Site Plan A.1 Water and Climate A.2, A.3 Summer Sun and Wind A.4 Winter Sun and Wind A.5 Perspective Renderings A.6House Redesign B Programming Table B.1 Redesign: Basement B.2 Redesign: First Floor B.3 Redesign: Second Floor B.4 Redesign: Exterior B.5 Summer Wind Redesign B.6 Winter Wind Redesign B.6 Perspective Redesign B.6 Solar WIndow B.6Heating Calculations C Heated Spaces C.1 Detailed Sections C.2, C.3 Healoss Calculations C.4

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Table of Contents (cont.)

Energy Calculations D Energy Usages D.1, D.2, D.3 Total Usage D.4 Price Comparisons D.5 Family Energy Use D.6 Sample Bills D.7, D.8 Retorfi t Measures D.9Retrofi t Measures E Retrofi t Suggestions E.1, E.2, E.3, E.4, E.5, E.6, E.7, E.8, E.9 Revised Energy Tables with Retrofi ts E.10, E.11, E.12, E.13, E.14, E.15, E.16Solar Design F Sun Tempering F.1 South Facade with Tempering Suggestions F.2 Passive Solar Heating and Solar Mass Calculations F.3 Window Night Insulation F.4

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A

Section A

This house is located in Windham, ME. The fi rst part of this report details the exisitng con-ditions of the site

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

N

Site Pla

n1” = 17’

Deciduous Trees:Sugar Maple and White OakHeights from 60’ to 90’ tall

Coniferous Trees:Eastern White PineHeights from 70’ to 100’

A.1

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

N

Wa

ter and

Clim

ate

1” = 17’

Climate Design Priorities

1. Orient roof to protect from winter winds.

2. Rearrange interior spaces to block harsh external conditions.

3. Create openings on the southern facade to collect winter light and

summer wind.

4. Create shading systems to block high summer sun and allow low

winter sun.

5. Move outdoor space to the south and west sides of the building and

provide a shading system.

6. Create more openings on the second level to collect winter sun.

A.2

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

N

Wa

ter and

Clim

ate

(cont.)1” = 17’

Advantages-Primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve sun late in the day throughout the year-Site very open to summer sun throughout most of the day-Vegetation helps to block a lot of the winter wind-Vegetation helps to shade the outdoor space during the summer afternoon

Disadvantages-Roof orientation not in the optimum direction to block winter winds-Not enough windows on the southern facade to recieve adequate passive solar heating and cross ventialtion-Southern vegetation blocks almost all winter sun.

A.3

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

N

Sum

mer Su

n and

Wind

1” = 17’

During the summer the primary indoor and outdoor spaces recieve a lot of passive solar heating after noon. The summer winds make the outdoor space more comfortable, but the lack of windows on the south facade make the interior spaces too hot due to the lack of cross-ventilation. The kitchen recieves almost no light except for the very early morning and the very late afternoon. The bedrooms are all on the east side of the house, but all but one have no eastern windows to recieve the morning light.

A.4

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

N

Winter Su

n and

Wind

1” = 17’

During the winter the site is always atleast partially in shade. The low sun angles make it so that many windows on the lower levels are use-less when it comes to passive solar heating. The positioning of the in-ternal spaces makes it so that many of the primary spaces are exposed to the cold winter winds, while recieving minimal passive solar heating from the winter sun. The form of the house, a saltbox, is not oriented in the optimum direction in order protect the internal spaces from the wind.

A.5

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Persp

ective Dra

wing

North a

nd W

est Faca

des

Strengths

-Good late day sun exposure through windows

-Bedroom recieves good early morning sun

Weaknesses

-Overhang shades the kitchen from all but low-angle sun.

-Northern deck recieves minimal sun all year long.

-Deck blocks all sun from basement level windows

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

A.6

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B

Section B

This section analyzes the previous information and determines major design changes needed to increase sustainability.

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Persp

ective Dra

wing

South a

nd Ea

st Faca

des

Strengths

- Southern windows let light into all the fl oors

- Windows on second fl oor allow for good ventialtion

Weaknesses

- Lower level has poor ventilation

- East facade does not have many windows into primary spaces

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

B.1

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Space Title Sq. Foot Range Type of Space Time of Use MET CLO Internal Gains Environmental Interests Preferred Orientation(s) Space Priority

Basement 775 ft² Support 6pm-10pm 2 1 WasherDryer

Westward views to woods SW, W, NW 9

Kitchen 91 ft² Support 7am-9am4pm-6pm

2 1 KitchenAppliances

Northern view over hillsideSome northern light

NE, E, SE, SW, W 6

Dining Room 92 ft² Living 7am-9pm4pm-6pm

2 1 NoneWestward views to woodsLate day lightSkylight during midday

NE, E, SE, SW, W 2

Living Room 128 ft² Living 4pm-12pm 1 1 NoneWestward views to woodsLate day lightSkylight during midday

SE, S, SW, W, NW 1

Bedroom 105 ft² Living 10pm-10-am .9 .75 NoneEarly morning lightEast and south views NE, E, SE 5

Bathroom 50.5 ft² Support All day 1 1 Shower Early morning lightView to eastern woods

NE, NW 7

First FloorCirculation 48 ft² Circulation All day 2 1 None None W, NW, N 10

Second FloorCirculation 48 ft² Circulation All day 2 1 None None W, NW, N 11

Bedroom 167 ft² Living 10pm-10am .9 .75 NoneMidday south lightSouthern views into woods NE, E, SE 4

MasterBedroom

218.5 ft² Living 10pm-10am .9 .75 NoneNorthern morning and evening lightNorth views into woods

NE, E, SE 3

Half Bathroom 78.5 ft² Support 8pm-10pm 1 1 Shower None W, NW, N 8

12

3

4

56

1

2

Environmenta

l Priorities

Individ

ua

l Spa

ces

B.2

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Ba

sement R

edesign

1” = 17’

Strengths- Good winter afternoon lightWeaknesses-Poor light with high sun elevations due to outdoor deck-Poor cross ventilationChanges-More windows added to create better passive solar heating and cross ventilation-Deck moved to open up solar exposure to windows-Stairs moved to block cold winds

B.3

Basement/Laundry Room

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First Floor Red

esign1” = 17’

Strengths- Good afternoon sun exposure- Good outdoor winds during the summerWeaknesses-Poor lighting in most spaces most of the time-Spaces poorly arranged to block unfavorable winter conditionsChanges- Communal spaces given more windows, especially southern, to re-cieve more late day light-Structure rotated to optimize saltbox roof structure-Deck rotated to capitalize on sun and wind patterns-Interior spaces rearranged to block harsh winter wind.

B.4

X Solar Window

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

LivingRoom

BedroomBathroom

Kitchen

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Second Floor R

edesign

1” = 17’

Strengths-Afternoon light exposure fairly well capturedWeaknesses-Roof pointing the wrong way to block winter winds-Master bedroom recieves full brunt of winter wind-No eastern windows in bedroomsChanges-Interior spaces reaaranged to block winter wind-Structure rotated to block winter wind-Eastern windows placed in both bedrooms to capture morning light-More windows placed to capture the low angle winter light

B.5

Bedroom

MasterBedroom

Half Bathroom

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

LivingRoom

BedroomBathroom

Kitchen

Sum

mer W

ind R

edesign

1” = 17’

B.6

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LivingRoom

DiningRoom

LivingRoom

BedroomBathroom

Kitchen

Winter W

ind R

edesign

North a

nd W

est Faca

des

B.7

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Persp

ective Red

esignSou

th and

East Fa

cad

es

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

LivingRoom

BedroomBathroom

Kitchen

Changes-Deck moved to south and eastern sides to recieve more summer sun and wind.-Overhangs added to windows to block high summer sun, but allow low winter sun-More openings on the second story to recieve more winter sun-Rotating of the house to optimizes the saltbox roof structure-Creation of eastern windows in bedrooms to capture morning light.

B.8

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Solar W

indow

43° North

B.9

Solar WindowThis solar window is taken from the deck of the redesign plan. As one can see, the majority of the sun path is blocked by trees. These trees are deciduous, so during the summer, they would provide much wanted shade, and during the winter they would allow for sun to reach the building.

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C

Section C

This section analyzes the house through section it cuts of the wall. It examines their R-Value. The fi nal table analyzes the heat loss due to ineffi ciencies.

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Basement/Laundry Room

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

Basement/Laundry Room

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Bedroom

Bathroom

Kitchen

1R

2W

1W

2W

1W

1F

Hea

ted Sp

aces

1”=17’

C.1

Bedroom

MasterBedroom

Half Bathroom

Bedroom

MasterBedroom

Half Bathroom

1W

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1/2” Plywood R = .77

6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5

1/2” Sheetrock R = .45

Interior Air Film R = .68

Exterior Air Film R = .17

Asphalt Shingles R = .44

Roofing Felt R = .20

Total R = 20.21

U Value = .049

1R

1F

Roof Section

1”=8”

Floor Section1”=8”

C.2

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1” Channel Rustic Siding (Hollow Backed) R = .61

1/2” Plywood R = .77

6” Rigid Fiberglass Insulation R = 17.5

1/2” Sheetrock R = .45

Interior Air Film R = .68

Exterior Air Film R = .17

8” Concrete R = 1.11

Interior Air Film R = .68

Exterior Earth (Depth from 0’ - 8’

Total R = 20.18

U Value = .050

Total R = 1.96

U Value = .510

1W

2W

Wa

ll Section1”=8”

Wa

ll Section1”=8”

C.3

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T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS

S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NTS detail # U-value tota l area Heat los s C oefficient

B tu/hrft2°F ft2 UA=B tu/hr°F

WALLS

WINDOW S

DOOR S

R OOF S

F LOOR S (above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)

F LOOR s lab on grade F -value perimeter ft.

B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S modified U ft2

B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS tota l F perimeter ft.

INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 B tu ft3°F

#A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient _____ x ___ x __________ = _________________

T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F 100%

HE AT L OS S S O UR C E HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F %

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

P E A K HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )

____________ = ______ x ___________________________

A NNUA L HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x 24hrs x annual degree days

______________ = ______ x _____ x _____________

A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear __________________________

1W

2W

Entry

Double Glazed Glass Door

Single Glazed Windows

1R

1F

1F

2W

.05

.51

.51

.05

.33

.27

1.00

.81

.0260

430

58

189

778

17.5

98

1156

58

38.9

219.3

189

5.775

27.44

57.8

46.98

10.861416

29.58

19,136.018

1038.9736

1.2 413.3376

287.78 27.69

189

33.215

57.8

57.841

413.338

18.19

3.19

5.56

5.56

39.78

1038.9736

1038.9736 24 7059176018751.4176

65-23.443,221.3018

39.78

5.56

27.69

18.19

3.195.56

Walls

Windows

Doors

Ceilings

Floors

InfiltrationLoses

70520.3331

Hea

t Loss Ca

lcula

tionH

eated

Spa

ces

C.4

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D

Section D

This section details the energy usage of each of the various parts of the house, and sums it up with a series of charts showing energy comparisons.

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D.1

Heating-WoodBuilding Load

Coefficient

Month Bldg. Load Coeff

Jan

Feb

Month Bldg. LoadCoeff

Feb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

Total House UA (BTU/HR F)

HDD/MO

HTG LOAD(MMBTU)

SYSEFF (%)

24 hours24935

System Demand(MMBTU/EFF %)

$/ MMBTU

Total Heating Cost($)

1038.9736 24

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

24935

21

21

78

319

560

756

765

605

536

400

243

96

19.07

15.08

13.36

9.97

6.06

2.39

.52

.52

1.94

7.95

13.96

18.85

26.49

20.94

18.55

13.85

8.42

3.32

.72

.72

2.69

11.04

19.38

26.18

254.83

201.44

178.45

133.23

81.00

31.93

6.93

6.93

25.88

106.20

186.43

251.85

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

72%

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

Energy Usa

geH

eating - W

ood

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Dom. Hot WaterMonth DHW

Load (MMBTU)

Jan

Feb

Jan

Mar

Apr

Mar

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Dec

Nov

$/ MMBTU

Total DHW ($)

DEM FACTOR (KwH/CDD)

Cooling- NoneCDD/ MO

Cooling SystemDemand (KwH)

$/ KwH

Total Cooling Cost ($)

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

2.64

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

114

71

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Energy Usa

geD

HW

- Ga

s/Cooling - N

one

D.2

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LightingLights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total

Incandescent 21Flourescent 7

6080

140 176.415 8.4

2217.6 KWH/YR

Appliances-GasAppliance Quantity Avg. Btu/Hr Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo Total

Oven 1Grill 1

1432535000

140 2.0010 .35

28.2 MMBTU/YR

Appliances-ElectricAppliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total

Refrig./Frzr.Microwave 1

10501300

185 194.258 10.4

3723.96 KWH/YR

Toaster 1Coffeemaker 1

90001200

3 2710 12

Television 1DVD Player 1

16035

110 17.625 .88

1

Iron 1Blender 1

1000300

10 102 .6

Radio 1Computer 1

60220

15 .930 6.6

Portable Fan 2Vacuum 1

230700

45 10.359 6.3

Washer 1Dryer 1

625720

10 6.2510 7.2

$ Lighting10.55.50

Energy Usa

geLighting - Electric/A

pp

liances - G

as,Electric

D.3

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Month $ GasAppliances

Jan

FebFeb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

$DHW

$ Electric Appliances

$ Lighting

Est. Total $ Elec

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

40.66

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

16.19

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

11.14

Total Usages Est. Total

$ Gas

254.83

201.44

178.45

133.23

81.00

31.93

6.93

6.93

25.88

106.20

186.43

251.85

$Heating

254.83

201.44

178.45

133.23

81.00

31.93

6.93

6.93

25.88

106.20

186.43

251.85

Est. Total$ Wood

Total Energy U

sages

Wood

, Ga

s, Electric

D.4

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Month Ests. Gas Total

Jan

FebFeb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

Actual Gas Total

Est. ElectricTotal

Actual Electric Total

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

115.34

120.78

84.55

99.12

110.78

129.34

115.85

116.32

110.45

109.66

112.34

98.53

254.83

201.44

178.45

133.23

81.00

31.93

6.93

6.93

25.88

106.20

186.43

251.85

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

27.33

31.58

30.59

31.58

31.36

27.44

34.12

29.97

29.96

29.15

26.95

31.36

Price ComparisonsEst. Wood

Total

-

-

-

-

-

655.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

Actual Wood Total

Total 1237.44 1465.10 655.00 327.96

26.74

360.801323.06

Energy Cost C

omp

arison

Estima

ted vs. A

ctua

l

Reason For Price Discrepancy Wood- Wood is only partially bought, some is collected manually by home owner. Wood is also used more sparingly and not as frequently

Gas- Gas is used less frequently than calculated (shorter showers, only using a few burners on grills, etc.)

Electric- Some appliances are left plugged, drawing energy when not in use (Computer, TV, Stereo etc.)

D.5

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Source Heating Load

Water

App.

Percent

31.68 MMBTU 53.1%

46.9%

Total Usages - Gas Source Electric

Load

App.

Light

Percent

2724.96 KWH

2217.60 KWH

55.13%

44.86%

Total Usages - Electric

28.20 MMBTU

Source LoadMMBTU

Walls

Window

Percent

287.78 MMBTU

189 MmBTU

27.69%

18.19%

Heating Load Dist.

Doors

Ceiling

33.22 MMBTU

57.8 MMBTU

3.19%

5.56%

Floor

Infil.

57.84 MMBTU

413.34 MMBTU

5.56%

39.78%

Source LoadMMBTu

Heating

DHW

Percent

109.67 MMBTU

31.68 MMBTU

40.41%

11.67%

Total Energy Dist.

Lighting

App.

7.57 MMBTU

37.5 MMBTU

2.79%

13.82%

Cars 84.96 MMBTU 31.31%

Fam

ily Energy Use

Energy Distrib

ution

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Note:Tables refl ect an av-erage of cost values, over a period of 5 years.

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1. Caulking and Weather Stripping To lower infi ltration heating cost

2. Purchase Power Strips to Lower Standby Power To lower electric costs of objects not in use

3. Replace Current Lightbulbs with CFLS To raise lifespan and effi ciency of lighting

4. Cellular Shading Reduce heat loss through windows

5. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Water Heater To lower gas costs

6. Better Insulation on Walls To lower heat loss through walls

7. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Stove Allows for less wood use

8. Purchase a Higher Effi ciency Refridgerator To lower electric costs

D.9R

etrofi t Mea

sures

To Lower Energy C

osts

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E

Section E

This section gives eight retrofi t options to imporve the house’s energy use. These include a variety of strategies from appliance updates to home improvement

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Liquid Nails All-Purpose Caulk, 6oz

3.99 per tube, One tube per two windows

8 inoperable windows, 4 tubes of caulk

$15.96

Caulking is an effi cient method to allow a homeowner to reduce infi ltration. In combination with weatherstripping, air ex-change can be reduced by 20%. One tube of caulking can seal two windows, which means a total of four tubes for the inoperable windows within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.

Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr FNew: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr FDifference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per yearPayback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback

Retrofi ts

Ca

ulking’

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M-D Products 63628 17’ White Ex-treme Temperature D-Profi le Weath-er Strip

$5 per unit. 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit

4 doors, 6 windows, 7 units required

Weatherstripping is an effi cient method to allow a home-owner to reduce infi ltration. In combination with caulking, air exchange can be reduced by 20%. One unit of weatherstripping can seal two windows or one door, which means a total of seven units for the operable windows and doors within the house. The product can be installed by the homeowner, because of previous home renovation experience.

Original: 1.2 x .018 x 19,136 = 413.3376 BTU/hr FNew: .96 x .018 x 19,136 = 330.6701 BTU/hr FDifference: 413.3376 - 330.6701 = 82.6675 BTU/hr F82.6675 BTU/hr F x 24 hr x 7059 HDD= 14.01 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 14.01 MMBTU= $134.77 per yearPayback: 15.96/134.77= .12 year payback

Retrofi ts

Wea

therstripp

ing

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13W T2 Twister Soft White

13W Bulbs

21 bulbs to replace, $6 per bulb$126 total

Self-Installed

CFLs use about 75 percent less energy than regular light-bulbs. They also typically last about 6 months longer. Typically they save about 6 dollars a year, and 40 dollars over thier life time. They also produce signifi cantly less heat, making them safer to operate, and reducing cooling costs.

Original: 2116 kWh per yearNew: 458.64 kWh per yearDifference: 2116 kWh - 458.64 kWh = 1657.36 kWh per yearEnergy Cost Savings: 1657.36 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $99.14 Payback: 126/99.14 = 1.27 year payback

Retrofi ts

CFLs

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Kensington 50688 6 Outlets Power Strip

$14.88 per unit3 required to control majority of ap-pliances

$44.64

Self-installed

Controlling electricty usage with a power strip will help reduce passive energy use within a household by approximately 100 dollars per year. With the concentration of electronics within the house, three powerstrips would be all that would be needed to control all toggled appliances.

Original: $194.28New: $94.28 Energy Cost Savings: $194.28 - $94.28 = $100Payback: 44.64/100 = .4464 year payback

Retrofi ts

Pow

erstrips’

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Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Fil-tering Cellular Shades

$89.76 per window, 10 windows$897.60 total

Self-installed

Approximate R value of 5

Night insulation of speciifc windows is a terrifi c way to reduce heating costs. Some of the large windows in the main spaces such as the lving and dining room allows a lot of heat to escape the house, and adding an R 5 barrier will drastically improve the quality of the spaces. Compared to the cost of installing high-quality windows and considering their ease of installment, they are clearly the superior option for reduicng heat loss through the windows.

Original: 216.44 UA Total x 24 = 5194.56New: 42.76 UA Total x 24 = 1026.24Difference: (old) (5194.56 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $489.93 (new) (1026.24 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $96.79Energy Cost Savings: $489.93 - $96.79 = $393.14 per yearPayback: 897.60/393.14 = 2.28 year payback

Retrofi ts

Night Insu

lation

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AquaStar AquaStar 2400ES-NG Natural Gas Tankless Water Heater

ENERGY STAR-qualifi ed

$1056.99

A tankless water heater reduces the cost of hot water heating by al-most 50% automatically. By removing the need to have a standing supply of hot water, the cost to keep unused water warm is drasti-cally reduced. This specifi c model has the ability ot heat enough water to keep two showers running simultaneously, which is more than enough for the household.

Original: 31.68 MMBTUNew: 14.26 MMBTUDifference: 31.68 MMBTU - 14.26 MMBTU = 17.42 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 17.42 MMBTU x 15.40 $/MMBTU = $268.27 per yearPayback: 1056.99/268.27 = 3.94 year payback

Retrofi ts

Wa

ter Hea

ter

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FOAMULAR® 250 Rigid Foam Insula-tion

R-5 Per Inch at 6”

$1.87 per square foot, 1208 sq. ft.

$2,258.96 material cost$500 installation cost$2758.96 total

Adding insulation helps to keep the home warm in the win-ter and cool in the summer. Adding insulation reduces energy bills during the coldest and hottest times of the year. Rigid foam board is one of the most effective types of insulation for its thickness. Installa-tion will be focused primarily by the roof, and the basement, which is partially unfi nished, so the addition of insulatino will not be diffi -cult or instrusive.

Original: 1038.97 UA Total x 24 = 24935.28New: 818.34 UA Total x 24 = 19640.26Difference: (old) (24935.28 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $2351.80 (new) (19640.26 x 7059/.72) x 9.62 $/MMBTU = $1852.39Energy Cost Savings: $2351.80 - $1852.39 = $499.41 per yearPayback: $2758.96/$499.41 = 5.52 year payback

Retrofi ts

Insula

tion

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Hearthstone Homestead Wood Stove

83.5% Heating Effi ciency

$2645 per unit, one unit required.

Installation Cost: $0

A higher effi ciency wood stove would allow for usage of less wood in order to heat the home. This will ease both the fi nancial stress of purchasing wood and also the physicsal stress of collecting wood. There are higher effi ciency wood stoves available on the market, but many of the higher effi ciency stoves come with a much larger pricetag. Installation performed by homeowner.

Original: 138.45 MMBTUNew: 138.45x(.72)/.835=119.38 MMBTUDifference: 138.45-119.38=19.07 MMBTUEnergy Cost Savings: 9.62 $/MMBTU x 19.07 MMBTU= 183.45 per yearPayback: 2645/183.45= 14.42 year payback

Retrofi ts

Wood

stove

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Kenmore Elite 25.0 cu. ft. French-Door Bottom-Freezer Refrigerator 1 door per unit, 2 windows per unit

ENERGY STAR-qualifi ed

551 kWh per year estimated use

1764.29

ENERGY STAR qualifi ed refrigerators use 20% less energy than modern normal refrigerators. Replacing the current refrigerator, which is from the 1980s, will save the client over 100 dollars per year.

Original: 2331 kWh per yearNew: 551 kWh per yearDifference: 2331 kWh - 551 kWh = 1780 kWh per yearEnergy Cost Savings: 1780 kWh x .059819 $/kWh = $106.48 per yearPayback: 1764.29/106.48 = 16.57 year payback

Retrofi ts

Refrigera

tor

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T A B L E A : P E A K A ND A NNUA L L OA DS

S IMP LIF IE D C ALC ULAT ION OF B UILDING HE AT LOS S C OE F F IC IE NTS detail # U-value tota l area Heat los s C oefficient

B tu/hrft2°F ft2 UA=B tu/hr°F

WALLS

WINDOW S

DOOR S

R OOF S

F LOOR S (above grade, over vented crawl s paces U, over unheated s paces 1/2U)

F LOOR s lab on grade F -value perimeter ft.

B E LOW G R ADE F LO OR S modified U ft2

B E LOW G R ADE W ALLS tota l F perimeter ft.

INF ILT R AT ION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 B tu ft3°F

#A.C . x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat los s coefficient _____ x ___ x __________ = _________________

T OT A L HE A T L O S S C O E F F IC IE NT (tota l UA ) B tu/hr°F 100%

HE AT L OS S S O UR C E HE AT L OS S B tu/hr/°F %

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .

P E A K HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x T (des ign indoor°F - des ign outdoor°F )

____________ = ______ x ___________________________

A NNUA L HE A T L O S S = tota l U A x 24hrs x annual degree days

___________ __ = ______ x _____ x _____________

A NNUA L B U IL DING E NE R G Y P E R F OR MA NC E B T U/s q.ft/y ear __________________________

1W

2W

Entry

Double Glazed Glass Door

Single Glazed Windows

1R

1F

1F

2W

.030

.031

.51

.05

.33

.115

.167

.81

.0260

430

58

189

778

17.5

98

1156

_____________ == _______ x ____________________________

58

23.37

13.33

31.5

5.775

11.26

57.8

46.98

10.861416

29.58

19,136.018

561.127

.96 330.671

66.28 11.48

31.5

33.215

57.8

57.841

330.671

5.46

5.75

10.01

10.02

57.28

____________ __ == _______ x ______ x ______________

561.127

561.127 24 705995,063,891.832

65-23.423,342.8832

11.48%

5.46%

5.75%

10.01%

10.02%

57.28%

Walls

Windows

Doors

Ceilings

Floors

InfiltrationLoss

Hea

t Loss Ca

lcula

tionH

eated

Spa

ces (After R

etrofi ts)

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Heating-WoodBuilding Load

Coefficient

Month Bldg. Load Coeff

Jan

Feb

Month Bldg. LoadCoeff

Feb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

Total House UA (BTU/HR F)

HDD/MO

HTG LOAD(MMBTU)

SYSEFF (%)

24 hours13467

System Demand(MMBTU/EFF %)

$/ MMBTU

Total Heating Cost($)

561.127 24

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

13467

21

21

78

319

560

756

765

605

536

400

243

96

10.3

8.1

7.2

5.4

3.3

1.3

.3

.3

1.1

4.3

7.5

10.2

12.34

9.70

8.62

6.47

3.95

1.56

.36

.36

1.32

5.15

8.98

12.22

118.71

93.31

82.92

62.24

38.00

15.01

3.46

3.46

12.70

49.54

86.39

117.56

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

83.5%

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

9.62

Energy Usa

geH

eating - W

ood (A

fter Retrofi ts)

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Dom. Hot WaterMonth DHW

Load (MMBTU)

Jan

Feb

Jan

Mar

Apr

Mar

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Dec

Nov

$/ MMBTU

Total DHW ($)

DEM FACTOR (KwH/CDD)

Cooling- NoneCDD/ MO

Cooling SystemDemand (KwH)

$/ KwH

Total Cooling Cost ($)

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

1.19

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.4

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

114

71

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Energy Usa

geD

HW

- Ga

s/Cooling - N

one (After R

etrofi ts)

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LightingLights Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total

Incandescent 21Flourescent 7

1380

140 38.2215 8.4

559.44 KWH/YR

Appliances-GasAppliance Quantity Avg. Btu/Hr Avg. Hrs/Mo MMBTU/Mo Total

Oven 1Grill 1

1432535000

140 2.0010 .35

28.2 MMBTU/YR

Appliances-ElectricAppliance Quantity Avg. Wattage Avg. Hrs/Mo KWH/Mo Total

Refrig./Frzr.Microwave 1

248.201300

185 45.928 10.4

1944 KWH/YR

Toaster 1Coffeemaker 1

90001200

3 2710 12

Television 1DVD Player 1

16035

110 17.625 .88

1

Iron 1Blender 1

1000300

10 102 .6

Radio 1Computer 1

60220

15 .930 6.6

Portable Fan 2Vacuum 1

230700

45 10.359 6.3

Washer 1Dryer 1

625720

10 6.2510 7.2

$ Lighting2.29.50

Energy Usa

geLighting - Elec/A

pp

. - Ga

s,Elec. (After R

etrofi ts)

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Month $ GasAppliances

Jan

FebFeb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

$DHW

$ Electric Appliances

$ Lighting

Est. Total $ Elec

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

62.46

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

18.33

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

103.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

12.12

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

2.79

Total Usages Est. Total

$ Gas

118.71

93.31

82.92

62.24

38.00

15.01

3.46

3.46

12.70

49.54

86.39

117.56

$Heating

Est. Total$ Wood

118.71

93.31

82.92

62.24

38.00

15.01

3.46

3.46

12.70

49.54

86.39

117.56

Total Energy U

sages

Wood

, Ga

s, Electric (After R

etrofi ts)

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Month Ests. Gas Total

Jan

FebFeb

Mar

AprApr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Jun

Aug

Oct

Nov

DecDec

Actual Gas Total

Est. ElectricTotal

Actual Electric Total

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

80.79

115.34

120.78

84.55

99.12

110.78

129.34

115.85

116.32

110.45

109.66

112.34

98.53

118.71

93.31

82.92

62.24

38.00

15.01

3.46

3.46

12.70

49.54

86.39

117.56

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

14.91

31.58

30.59

31.58

31.36

27.44

34.12

29.97

29.96

29.15

26.95

31.36

Price ComparisonsEst. Wood

Total

-

-

-

-

-

655.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

Actual Wood Total

Total 969.48 683.3 655.00 148.92

26.74

360.801323.06

Energy Cost C

omp

arison

Estima

ted vs. A

ctua

l (After R

etrofi ts)

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Source Heating Load

Water

App.

Percent

14.28 MMBTU 33.62%

66.38%

Total Usages - Gas Source Electric

Load

App.

Light

Percent

1944.00 KWH

559.44 KWH

77.65%

22.34%

Total Usages - Electric

28.20 MMBTU

Source LoadMMBTU

Walls

Window

Percent

66.28 MMBTU

31.5 MmBTU

11.48%

5.46%

Heating Load Dist.

Doors

Ceiling

33.22 MMBTU

57.8 MMBTU

5.75%

10.01%

Floor

Infil.

57.84 MMBTU

330.671

10.02%

57.28%

Source LoadMMBTu

Heating

DHW

Percent

71.03 MMBTU

14.28 MMBTU

34.31%

6.90%

Total Energy Dist.

Lighting

App.

1.91 MMBTU

34.83 MMBTU

.92%

16.83%

Cars 84.96 MMBTU 41.04%

Fam

ily Energy Use

Energy Distrib

ution (A

fter Retrofi ts)

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F

Section F

This section details how solar energy might be used to improve the effi ciency of the house, and remove soem of the heating load from mechanical systems.

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Sun Tempering

[UAh + U

gA

g + U

sw(A

tw - A

g )] ( t

i - t

o) = I

s (A

g)

UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fi t) not including south facade

Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174

Ug = U Value of South Glass

.167

Ag = Area of South Glazing

Variable

USw

= U value of South Wall .030

Atw

= Area of Total South Wall and Winow Area 666 ft2

ti = Average desired interior temperature

65˚F

to = twelve noon outdoor January temperature

21.7˚F

Is = Average Hourly solar radiation at 12 noon in January recieved by a vertical surface

146 BTU/sq. ft

Calculations[48.174 + .167(A

g) + .3(666 - A

g)] (65 - 21.7) = 146 A

g

[48.174 + .167(Ag) + .3(666 - A

g)] 43.3 =

2085.93 + 7.23(Ag) + 12.99 (666-A

g) =

2085.93 + 7.23Ag + 8651.34 -12.99 A

g=

10737.27 - 5.76Ag = 146 A

g

10737.27 = 151.76 Ag

Area of South Glass Needed for Sun Tempering70.752 = A

g

666/70.752 = 9.4%

The above calculation shows that the house requires 9.4% of the house be covered in glass in order to collect the optimal amount of solar energy, without losing too much energy due to the high U value of the windows. This would require an additional 22.578 square feet of glazing be added to the southern facade. A 6 by 3.5 window added to the second story would fufi ll this need.

Sun Tem

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NSolar RedesignAdditional window is placed on the second level to allow light to enter the main living spaces.The already existing windows on the southern facade penetrate into the bedroom and laun-dry/basement spaces, so the addtion of a window into the living space was the msot logical. It is placed high up due to the confi guration of the furniture within the space, and so as to not provide direct glare into the inhabitants of the spaces.

Sun Tem

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Passive Solar Heating Calculations

UAh= Total UA of house (after energy retro fi t) not including south facade

Walls UA: 24.459 Windows: 23.714 Total: 48.174

LCR = Load to Collect Ratio With a 25% SSF using TWB3 18SSF = Solar Savings Fraction 25%

LCR = 24 UAh/ A

g

18 = 24(48.174)/ Ag

Area of South Glass Needed for Passive Solar HeatingA

g = 64.232

Storage Mass Calculations

Goal of 30 BTU/ft3/F per ft2 of glassWhite Oak: Typical Heat Capacity = 26.8 BTU/ft3/F

64.232 (30) = 1926.96 BTU/ft3/F mass storage required1926.96 / 26.8 = 71.90 ft3 brick required71.90 / 1.33 = 54.06 ft2 area of 14” white oak required

The addition of a 6’ by 9’ wall between the dining room would create both a dividing spatial barrier between these tow very functionally different spaces, and create a sotrage wall for the main living space

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

LivingRoom

BedroomBathroom

Kitchen

Proposed Solar Mass Storage Wall

Pa

ssive Solar H

eating

Storage M

ass

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Comfortex 3/8’ Double Cell Light Fil-tering Cellular Shades

Window Night Insulation Strategy

Summer:Durnig the summer, the window shading would actually be used primarily during the day to block out the suprisingly hot Maine summer sun. This will allow the house to maintain the cool night temperatures for as long as possible. During the night, the shades would be raised to allow the windows to opened for ventialtion.

Winter:During the winter the window shading would be opened during the day on the southern and western facades to allow as much solar gain as possible within the house. The northern and east-ern shades would remain permanently closed during the winter. The southern and western shades would be pulled down during the night to insulate the house as much as possible against the cold winter temperatures.

Wind

ow Insu

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Seasona

l Strategies

F.4