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Energy-Efficiency Market Development The Perspective From China
Yonghao Luo
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Visiting Scholar, Battelle Memorial Institute
Earth Technologies Forum
March 25-27, 2002
Washington, DC
Outline
■ Potential for Energy Efficiency
■ Obstacles and Opportunities
■ Proposed Solution to Develop Market
Potential for Energy Efficiency in China
China’s Building Sector
Energy Consumption 25% of total energy
Housing Sector 15% annual growth rate
Commercial Building explosive growth
in tall buildings
Shanghai Pudong
Building Sector Reform
Yangtse River Borderline northern houses are heated (subsidized)
resistance to change
Southern Building Envelope thermal resistance is low
inside temperature condition:
cold in the winter, 0~ -5 ºC
hot in the summer, 32~35ºC
Air Conditioning in the South very popular now, large energy loss
Potential for Energy Conservation in China’s Commercial Buildings
Energy Consumption is Much Higher than International Norms
188 kwh/m2a in Beijing 135 kwh/m2a in Japan
Big Difference among Similar Buildings energy audits for 16 luxury hotels in Beijing
highest energy consumption intensity is three times the lowest
Big Difference between Reality and Potential bad management, lack of automatic systems, and design failures
Commercial Building Big Differences among Similar Buildings
0
40
80
120
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
hotel
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
inde
x (Y
uan/
m2)
﹩
＄
Source: Tsinghua Tongfang Human Environment Engineering Company
Commercial Buildings Economic Analysis of Different Improvements
Investment Return Return Time
Management $ 1 $ 10~20 1~2 months
Replace Fans and Pumps $ 1 $ 0.8~1.0 1~1.2 years
Add Automatic Control Systems $ 1 $ 0.3~0.5 2~3 years
Retrofit Whole Systems $ 1 $ 0.2~0.4 3~5 years
Retrofit Construction Material $ 1 $ 0.1~0.2 5~10 years
Source: Tsinghua Tongfang Human Environment Engineering Company
Coal-Fired Industrial BoilersAbout 600,000 Industrial Boilers in China
Use 1/3 of China’s Total Coal Output
Thermal Efficiency Averages Less than 70%
Potential to Improve Efficiency by 15-20% in Many Boilers
Reasons
● Design failure in furnace arches
● Too much excess air
● High stack temperature
● Outdated control system
■ Our team at Jiaotong has successfully renovated over 200 of these boilers at low cost
Industrial Boiler Case Studies(Using Double Herringbone Furnace Arches)
■ A Stoker Boiler in a Paper Mill
after retrofitting furnace arches and duct system
● steam capacity increases from 28t/h to 38t/h
● can burn cheap, local coal
● saves about 200,000 RMB per month, 1 month ROI
■ A Stoker Boiler in a Shipbuilding Company
after retrofitting furnace arches
● thermal efficiency increases from 69.3% to 77.6%
● coal saving 2925 t/a; CO2 reduction 5639 t/a
● 6 month ROI
Inefficient Steam Systems
no condensate return
hot water wasted
A Chemical Plant Case
● saves 175 t / day of steam
from hot water recovery
● saves 20~30 t / day of steam
from condensate recovery
● produces 750kW electricity
from the pressure drop
One year ROI
Obstacles and Opportunities
Obstacles■ Changing Legal and Market Conditions
(Transition to Market Economy)
■ Difficulty in Finding Suitable Partners (Transparency)
■ Financing (ESCO)
■ Different Cultural Background
Opportunities■ WTO Entry Requires Change to International Norms
■ Strong Government Dedication to Develop Economy
■ More Frequent Bilateral Exchanges
Proposed Solution to Develop Market
A Platform to Promote Energy Efficiency in China
● Center and ESCO are combined to form a platform
● Center is keystone to establish leverage
Relationship between Center, ESCO and Financing
● Herringbone arch can save at least 5% energy, less than 1/2 year ROI
● It can open the door with clients for further projects
Strategy to Develop Market with Proprietary Technology
● model technology for market pioneer
● establish model sector by integrating technologies
● select cities to establish new mechanism for energy saving
Strategy to Develop Market with Models
Examples and Suggestions
My Grandfather’s Story
bean oil lamp kerosene lamp
Mobil Co. Distributed Kerosene Lamp for free to Open the Kerosene Market in China
My Sister’s Story
increase in rural houses solar hot water system
■ Changes in China often occur in “mass shifts”
Room Renovations■Combine EE with Style to Sweep the Market
Dr. Yonghao Luo
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Visiting Scholar at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Battelle) until
26 April 2002
结合本专业或家乡情况，
写一篇有关可持续发展的论文。
题目自定，第 9周交。
