« EmpoweringScience and Technology » 9-11 February …. Prof. Dr. Mohamad Yusof Maskat Mr Mahrou Khalid ... 50 OP-3-1- Rachid Hakkou: ... M.N. : The optimization and efficient isolation

International Joint Seminar on Science and Technology Marrakesh, 09-11 February 2016

1

UKM-UCA

INTERNATIONALJOINT CONFERENCE

ONSCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY

2016

« EmpoweringScience and Technology »

9-11 February 2016

Cadi Ayyad Universityof Marrakech (UCA), Morocco

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Organized by :

Faculty of Science & Technology (FST)

Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)

Faculty of Science and Technic, Cadi Ayyad University of

Marrakech


2


3

Table of contents

Welcoming word by the organizing committee ____________________________ 5

Organizing Committee ________________________________________________ 6

Technical Program ____________________________________________________ 7

Abstracts of Plenary and invited Lectures __________________________________ 13

Symposium 1: Green Technology & Catalysis _____________________________ 17

Symposium 2: Materials & Energy ______________________________________ 25

Symposium 3: Water, Geology & Environnement _________________________ 30

Symposium 4: Biology and Biotechnology _______________________________ 38

Symposium 5: Physics ________________________________________________ 48

Symposium 6: Mathematics ___________________________________________ 59

Symposium 7: Polymers and polymers based composites ___________________ 66


4


5

Welcoming word by the organizing committee

We are delighted to welcome you to the first International Joint Seminar on Science and

Technology 2016 which will take place in Marrakesh from 9 to 11 February 2016. This

seminary is jointly organized by CadiAyyad University (UCA) of Marrakech-Morocco

and The National University of Malaysia (UKM).

The IJSST 2016 is a proposed to provide a platform for researcher and academician to

share information and idea and to report any latest finding in science and technology. We

hope that this conference will help to strengthen the collaborative network in research

between UKM and UCA and will be the opportunity to identify the future directions of

R&D activities to Science and Technology that benefit locally and internationally.

On the behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to extend my sincere thanks to

the IJSST 2016 attendees from Malaysia and Morocco. We hope you will find the

conference informative and stimulating and you will enjoy the scientific program and the

charms of Marrakech city.

Our warm thanks to the Prof Abdellatif MIRAOUI, president of Cadi Ayyad University,

to the vice-President Professor Hamid AJANA and to the Prof. Moha TOURIRTE, dean

of Faculty of Sciences and Technology for their sustained help.

We wish you a memorable stay in Marrakech and in Morocco.

For the organizers

Prof. Hamid KADDAMI

& Prof. Ahmad AZIZAN


6

Organizing Committee

UKM Committee UCAM Committee

Patron:

Prof. Datuk Dr. Noor Azlan Ghazali Prof. Abdelltif Miraoui

Advisors:

Prof. Dr. Sahrim Ahmad Prof. Hamid Ajana

Prof. Dato‘ Dr. Kamaruzzaman Sopian Prof. Moha Taourirte

Prof. Cherkaoui Modaffar

Chairperson:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wan Aida Wan Mustapha Prof. Hamid Kaddami

Secretary:

Dr. Mohd Sukor Su‘ait Dr Karima Benhamou

Mrs Hind Sodki

Treasurer:

Dr. Rizafizah Othaman Mr Ihsane Moaouia

Scientific, Program and Publication:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azizan Ahmad Prof. Mustapha Raihane

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahilah Abd.Mutalib Prof. Ismail Saadoune

Dr. Nur Hasyareeda Hasan Prof. Lhoucine Hanich

Dr. Norasikin Ahmad Ludin Prof. M‘hamedEddahbi

Dr. Suhaila Sepeai Prof. Hassan Ayyad

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mukram M. Mackeen Prof. Abdellatif Boussaid

Prof. Hamid Kaddami

Publicity and Logisticand Technical:

Dr. Muhammad RahimiYusop Dr Mohamed Abdouni

Dr. Farah Hannan Anuar Mrs Fatiha Chaybe

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohamad Yusof Maskat Mr Mahrou Khalid

Dr. Nurul Izzaty Hassan

Dr. Mohd Adib Ibrahim


7

Technical Program


8


9

Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Registration from 8:30 to 9:00

Opening and Signature of MOU from 9:00 to 9:30

Word of UCA President

Word of UKM Chancellor

Word of Organizing committee

9 :30-10 :00 Coffee Break (20 min) Coffee Break (20 min)

Conferences of Deans

Plenary Lecture 1: Prof. Tourirt Moha (Dean of FST-Marrakesh)

Education and research at FST and UCA: Strategy and development

10:00 – 10:25 (25 min)

Plenary Lecture 2: Prof. Sahrim Ahmed (Dean of FST - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

Current Status of Research at Faculty Science and Technology (FST) , National University of Malaysia

10:25 – 10:50 (25 min)

Invited Talk:Malysia’s Global Reach : Knowledge and Skills Hub Creation Through Internationalisation

Yang Farina*& Nur Amalina Rashid

10:50 – 11:10

Symposia Symposium 1: Green Technology and catalysis

Chair Prof. M. Lahcini &Prof. Azizan Ahmad

11:10-11:30 OP-1-1- Benaissa Rhouta: Natural clays as starting materials for the development of innovative advanced multifunctional eco-friendly materials

11:30-11:50 OP-1-2- Shahidan Radiman, Lamya M. Al-Qirby, Chiu Wee Siong, Ameen M. Ali

Green synthesis of CO3O4 nanocrystals via a new ultrasonic ionic liquid- assisted

11:50-12:10 OP-1-3- Asma Kaoukabi, Larbi Belachemi, Mohamed Lahcini, M-C. Viaud-Massuard, C. Das. Bhaskar (oral)

Design and synthesis of new hybrid arotinoids containing chromene with potential anti-cancer activity.

12 :10-14 :00 BREAK FOR LUNCH TIME

Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Afternoon

Symposia Symposium 2: Materials and Energy

Chair Prof. Hassan Chehouani & Prof Mohd Salmi Bin Md Noorani

14:00-14:20 OP-2-1. Ismail Saadoune: Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials

14:20-14:40 OP-2-2- M. Faizzi, N.A. Ludin, N.M. Mohamed, K.H. Badri, A. Ahmad M.S. Su‘ait : Effects of iodid/teriiodiode(I¯/I3¯) ratios on palm based polyurethane

polymers electrolyte for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell

14:40-15:00 OP-2-3 Mohammed Oouikhalfan, Hassan Benhamed, Hassan Chehouani, Hamid Kaddami, B. Benhamou : Preparation and characterization of thermal and

rheological behavior of TiO2/Fatty acid nanofluid as Phase Change Material (PCM)

15:00-15:20 OP-2- 4- A Ahmad: Biopolymer electrolyte for electrochemical energy storage device: UKM experiences

15 :20 –15 :40 OP-2-5- Mira Syahirah, Lee Veng Chuan, Ahmad Mahir Razali* &Nurulkamal Masseran: Solar irradiance forecasting using expontial smoothing technique

15 :40-16 :00 Coffee Break (20 min) / Poster Session

LABORATORY AND CENTERS TOURS


10

Wednesday, February 10, 2016 , Morning

Symposia Symposium 3: Water, Geology and Environnement

Chair Prof. Lahoucine Hanich& Prof. Yang Farina Binti Abdul Aziz

8:30-8:50 OP-3-1- Rachid Hakkou: Environmental Challenges Facing Mining Wastes Management in Morocco

8:50-9:10 OP-3-2- Ismail Aouiche, Lahcen Daoudi: The impact of engineering structures on shoreface and shoreline changes in the Atlantic coast of Morocco: Multi-

method analysis -Case of Agadir Bay Morocco

9:10-9:30 OP-3- 3- Benkaddour A. , Rhoujjati A. , Nourelbait M., Vidal L., Idabdellah H., Adallal R. , and Cheddadi R.: Moroccan Lacustrine sediments as a valuable

paleo-environmental archives

9:30-9:50 OP-3-4- Er-Raki, S., Simonneaux, V. et al : An example of the Joint International Laboratory: Remote sensing of water resources in semi-arid

Mediterranean basins: LMI-TREMA

9:50 – 10:10 OP-3-5- A.Marchane & L. Hanich: Snow cover dynamics of the Moroccan Atlas mountains

10 :10-10 :30 Coffee Break (20 min)/ Poster Session

Symposia Symposium 4 : Biology and Biotechnology

Chair Prof. Ahmed Qaddoury & Prof. Wan Juliana Binti Wan Ahmad

10:30-10:50 OP-4-1. Ahansal Lahcen; Hammoumi Aayah, Clarisse Iradukunda; Boussaid Abdellatif : Moroccan strains of yeast and algae to produce bioenergy

10:50–11:10 OP-4-2- Pei-Ling Tang, Osman Hassan,MohamadYusofMaskat, KhairiahBadri: Biotransformation of black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber

(OPEFBF) into vanillin Pycnoporuscinnabarinus MUCL 39533.

11:10-11:30 OP-4-3- Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Lim Seng Joe, Mohamad Yusof Maskat and Sahilah Abd Mutalib : Effect of

deodoization process on the fishy aroma, antioxidant activity and fucose content of fucoidan

11:30-11:50 OP-4-4- Clarisse Iradukunda, Yassir Barcouch , Ahmed Tadlaoui Ouafi & Abdellatif Boussaid : Yeasts in Smen, a Fermented Farm Butter

11:50-12:10 OP-4-5- Aminah Abdullah and Khalid Hamid Musa: Oxicountkit: a quick method to determine antioxidant activity in plant materials.

12 :10 - 14:00 BREAK FOR LUNCH TIME

Wednesday, February 10, 2016 , Afternoon

Symposia Symposium 4 : Biology and Biotechnology (continue)

Chair Prof. Abdellatif Boussaid & Prof. Wan Aida Binti Wan Mustapha

14 :00 – 14 :20 OP-4-6- Rozida Khalid: Manipulation of microbial gene expression for production of new secondary metabolites

14 :20 – 14 :40 OP-4-7- Makoudi B., Bargaz A., Farissi M., Mouradi M., Kabbaj A., Bouizgaren A. ,Drevon JJ. , And Ghoulam C.

Legume-rhizobia symbiosis could be an efficient biological tool for sustainable soil and crops fertilization

14 :40-15 :00 OP-4-8- Baseem M. Tamimi, Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad*, Mohd. Nizam Mohd. Said & Che Radziah Che Mohd. Zain

Growth Responses of Mangrove Plants to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide at Open Roof Green-House

15 :00-15 :20 OP-4--9 Norela Sulaiman Shahara Ayub: Asseessment of firefly abundance at new ecotourism site of bernam river, selangor

15 :20-15 :40 OP-4-10- Ahmed Qaddoury : Use of the arbuscularmycorrhizal symbiosis as biological tools to improve plant growth and tolerance to drought and poor

soils: date palm as a model

15 :40-16 :00 OP-4-11- Nurul Hidayah, A.S. Nurul Wahida, O. & Norefrina Shafinaz, M.N. : The optimization and efficient isolation of high quality RNA extraction

from salivary gland of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)..



11

Thursday, February 11, 2016, Morning

Symposia Symposium 5: Physics

Chair Prof.Hassn Ayyad & Prof. Shahidan Bin Radiman

8:30-8:50 OP-5-1-Zaifol Samsu, Norinsan Kamil Othman, Abd Razak Daud, Muhamad Izhar Sahri1 and Muhammad Daud: High temperature corrosion of hot

dipped aluminizing on carbon steel in dry and wet environments

8:50-9:10 OP-5-2-Benhida, F. Sefyani,T. de France, Z. Benkhaldoun, D. Gillet, P. Mathias, A. Daassou, M. Lazrek : Spectrophotometry of pulsating stars at

Oukaimeden Observatory in Morocco

9:10-9:30 OP-5-3- O.boualy, H.Mharzi, A.Coujou, Y.LeBouar, M.Benyoucef: Phase-field Modeling OF Microstructural evolution In Ni-base superalloys at high-

temperature

9:30-9:50 OP-5-4- Raefat Jalila El Bakouchi, Ahmed Zakaria Manouare and Abdelilah Ghammaz: A Multi-Band PIFA Antenna for GPS L1/

GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS/LTE2300/ Wi-Fi Applications for Mobile Phone

9 :50-10 :10 OP-5-5- L. Essaleh, M. Belaqziz , S. Lahlali , A. Bourial, A. Alimoussa , Z. Abkhar, K. Djessas and H. Chehouani : Dynamic electrical conductivity on

the bulk photoabsorber semiconductor Cu2SnS3

10:10-10:30 Coffee Break & Poster session (20min) / Poster Session

Chair Prof. Alaa Noureddine &Prof Ahmad Mahir Bin Razali

Symposia Symposium 6: Mathematics

10:30-10:50 OP-6-1- Mohamed Boucetta: Presentation Equip Geometry, Topology and Applications

10:50-11:10 OP-6-2- Mohd Salmi Md Noorani and Fahad Alsharari : Sharp estimates for closed orbit of motzkin shifts

11:10-11:30 OP-6-3- Nasharuddin Zainal, Edgar Scavino and Eng Sheh Ling: Tennis court mapping and trajectory optimation for robotic object retrieval

11:30-11:50 OP-6-4- M. Kzaz: Asymptotic Expansion For Numerical methods

11 :50-12 :10 OP-6-5- M'hamed Eddahbi: From actuarial sciences to mathematical finance: an example

12:10-14:00 BREAK FOR LUNCH TIME

Symposia Symposium 7: Polymers and polymers based composites

Chair Prof. Hamid Kaddami &Prof. Sahrim Ahmad

14 :00 – 14 :20 OP-7-1- Mohammed Lahcini : Biodegradable Polymers by mean of metal complexes as Initiators

14 :20 – 14 :40 OP-7-2- Farah Hannan Anuar, Tan Ching Haw, Siti Munirah Manap, Ain Athirah Zainuddin, Azizan Ahmad: Polyurethanes containing poly(ethylene

glycol), poly(propylene glycol), polylactide and polydimethylsiloxane segments

14 :40-15 :00 OP-7-3- Hind El Omari, Ahmed Belafkira, François Brouillette, Gilbert Lebrun: Lignocellulosics materials from perennial plants and commercial fibers.

15 :00-15 :20 OP-7-4- Rizafizah Othaman, Nurul Hanisah Mohd, Azwan Mat Lazim, Ishak Ahmad, Mohd. Ambar Yarmo: Effect of modification on nanocellulose

aerogel for CO2 adsorption

15 :20-15 :40 OP-7-5- Amal Kadimi, Hamid Kaddami, Mustapha Raihane, Zoubida Ouanaies : Elaboration and characterization of New Nanocomposites Based on

Cellulose Nanofibers and Copolymers Containing Fluorinated and Nitrile Derivatives

15 :40-16 :00 OP-7-6-M. Raihane, M. Karamane, Y. Yagçi, M. Lahcini, M. Ilsouk , A. Hult : Fluorinated methacrylate / clay nanocomposites caoting prepared by in situ

radical polymerization: Structure and characterization


END OF THE CONFERENCE


12


13

Abstracts of Plenary and invited Lectures


14


15

PL-1 Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Morning from 10h00 to 10:25

EDUCATION AND RESEARCH AT FST AND UCA: STRATEGY AND

DEVELOPMENT

Moha Taourirte*

*Corresponding author:[email protected]

Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakech

– Morocco

The Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Marrakech (FSTM) is one of the components of Cadi

Ayyad University (UCA). UCA is one of the major universities of Morocco, with 13 institutions

(faculties and schools), covering four cities: Marrakesh, Safi, Essaouira and Kelaa des Sraghna.

FSTM was established in 1991, as an ordinary Faculty of Sciences in order to absorb the

increasing number of students of UCA and ever since has known continuous improvements. In

1993, FSTM became the first institution in Morocco to have implemented the modular system

with an ongoing evaluation. In 2006, the FSTM set up the LMD system and since then the

diplomas issued by FSTM are:

- PhD in Sciences and Technology.

- Master in Science and Technology degree (ST Master)

- State Engineering degree

- License in Science and Technology degree (LST)

Regarding research activities, the restructurings carried out in 2005 and 2011 has enabled greater

visibility of the laboratories and research teams in FSTM. FSTM is now known for its dynamic

potential that covers various fields of science and technology. It has 12 laboratories and 07

research teams who developed high quality research in collaboration with partners from all over

the world. These collaborations are developed in the framework of collaborative projects that

cover several research areas.

PL-2 Tuesday, February 9, 2016,Morning from 10h25 to 10:50

CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH AT FACULTY SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (FST), NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

Sahrim Ahmad*

The National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Faculty of Science and

Technology

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

The Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) was established officially on the 19th July

1999 as a result of the restructuring of four science-based faculties. FST strives to be the

centre of excellence in teaching, research and community services. FST encourages

multidisciplinary and innovative research toward attaining national and international

recognition. The main focus of our research are based on the expertise available at the five

schools in the Faculty related to pure and applied sciences. In the year 2015, our academic

staffs were involved in 217 projects sponsored by government , industries local and


16

international with the total grants of about USD 15 million. Research at FST are related to

atmospheric science, oceanography, bioresource bioprospecting, biodiversity, conservation,

ecosystem health and environmental quality, geo-hazards, geo-resource , prospecting,

computational mathematics, fundamental studies in mathematical sciences, modeling , quality

, performance measurement, quantitative finance, analytical and environmental, catalysis,

chemical , biosensors, food ingredients, food quality and safety, natural product chemistry and

oleochemistry, polymer and composites, synthesis of inorganic and organometallic

compounds, bioinformatics, bioremediation and environmental microbiology, development

biology, fermentation and enzyme technology, genomics,natural product biology, plant

biotechnology, advanced materials, energy, medical physics, metallurgy,nanophysics and

nuclear techniques. This paper will highlights some of the current work at the Faculty of

Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM).

IL-1 Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Morning from 10h50 to 11:10

MALAYSIA’S GLOBAL REACH: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS HUB

CREATION THROUGH INTERNATIONALISATION

Yang Farina*&Nur Amalina Rashid

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia


The internationalization of higher education has been a key thrust in the Malaysian Higher

Education Strategic Plan which was launched in August 2007. The initial objective of the

internationalization of Malaysian Higher Education was to turn it into an Education Hub with

emphasis on reaching a target of 80,000 foreign students by 2010. This number has been reached

and indicated the success of the plan. Malaysia now is seen as a key international player based on

sheer numbers alone. The international students bring in about RM 2.6 billion into the country in

the year 2010. The profiling of Malaysia as a centre of excellence for education has brought

success. However, to ensure sustainability the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) has

launched the Malaysia‘s Global Reach (MGR) plan which is aimed at positioning higher

education in Malaysia in the hearts of the people of the preferred partner countries. The

philosophy behind MGR is that higher education is seen as a platform for soft power. Soft power

in the higher education sector refers to the capabilities and intentions of institution to capture the

hearts and minds of local and international stakeholders to collectively accept values, ideologies

and cultures of learning that can benefit communities. Six main initiatives were launched namely;

Strengthening Global Engagement through Knowledge Sharing (MyExpert), Knowledge and

Skills Hub Creation through Internationalisation (MySkill), Leveraging On Student Alumni

Relations Towards Internationalisation (MyAlumni) and Enhancing World Presence through

Contribution and Reputation (MyCommuity, MyFellow & MyOdyssey). In order to achieve the

next quantum leap in the growth of higher education, Malaysia needs to leverage its technical and

vocational education and training hub as the next engine of economic growth and also wealth

creation. The MySkill initiative aims at enhancing the provision of short courses for preferred

partner countries including Morocco based on the respective countries‘ market requirements. It is

hoped that the provision of short courses can stimulate the growth for continued education in

diploma, degree and other levels of education and training.

mailto:[email protected]


17

Symposium 1: Green Technology & Catalysis


18


19

OP-1-1 Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Morningfrom 11:10 to 11:30

NATURAL CLAY AS STARTING MATERIALS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF

INNOVATIVE ADVENCED MULTIFUNCTIONAL ECO-FRIENDLY

MATERIAL

Benaissa Rhouta*

Condensed Matter and Nanostructures Laboratory (LMCN), Sciences and Technologies Faculty,

Cadi Ayyad University.Avenue Abdelkrim Khattabi. Box 549, 40000 Marrakech


Works undertaken in our research group are focused on the development, starting from

cheap natural resources such as clays, of innovative advanced multifunctional eco-friendly

materialsfor being applied in versatile fields. This could be achieved thanks to structural

characteristics of clay minerals. Indeed, on one hand, clay minerals belonging to the smectites

family (montmorillonite, saponite, stevensite, ...) are characterized by a layered structure and high

cation exchange capacity making of them to be prone to chemical modification by intercalation of

various species. On the other hand, due to the discontinuity of their structure, microfibrous clays

(palygorkite and sepiolite) contain high density of reactive edge silanol groups to which different

species could be anchored. In both the cases, an interesting class of different hybrid advanced

materials useful for versatile applications could be emerged.

In this respect, the present presentation shows the success of immobilization, via different

routes, of TiO2 nanoparticles (10 nm) on microfibers of palygorskite and on layers of beidellite,

both the clay minerals are originated from Morocco. The developed TiO2 supported clays based

photocatalysts were found to exhibit remarkable stability of the most photoactive anatase phase

and hence improved photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of dyes in aqueous solution.

On the other hand, this presentation also reports the achievement of the intercalation within

beidellite spaces interlayers as well as the grafting to palygorskite edge silanol of corrosion

inhibitors (heptanoic acid, calcium, ...) which, once incorporated in organic coatings, exhibit

efficient protection of metallic substrate due to their progressive release.

OP-1-2 Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Morning from 11:30 to 11:50

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF CO3O4 NANOCRYSTALS VIA A NEW ULTRASONIC-

IONIC LIQUID -ASSISTED APPROACH

Shahidan Radiman1*

, Lamya M. Al-Qirby1, Chiu Wee Siong

2, Ameen M. Ali

3

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM Bangi 43600 , Selangor

DE, MALAYSIA 2Low Dimensional Physics Group, Dept. of Physics, Universiti Malaya , Jalan Pantai 50603,

Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA 3Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor DE, MALAYSIA


Cobalt oxide CO3O4 nanoparticles with diverse morphology have been synthesized using

a simple, green, and cost-effective approach, via sonochemical method in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-

ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4]. Influence of some parameters such

as sonication time and different molar ratios of the ionic liquid (IL) on the structural, optical,



20

chemical and magnetic properties were studied. The produced CO3O4 nanoparticles properties

were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

(FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy,

and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). We have also entended this method on other metal-

oxides nanoparticles production.

OP-1-3 Tuesday, February 9, 2016,Morning from 16:40 to 17:00 DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW HYBRID AROTINOIDS CONTAINING

CHROMENE WITH POTENTIAL ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY

A Kaoukabia, L. Belachemi

a, M. Lahcini

a, M-C. Viaud-Massuard

b, C. Das.Bhaskar

c

a: Laboratory of Organometallic and macromolecular chemistry- Composites materials–

Department of chemistry – Faculty of Sciences and Technology –University Cadi Ayyad of

Marrakech

b: Laboratory of organic chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy – 37 200 Tours - France

c: Medical Center, University of Kansas, 3901, Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas city KS 66160 – USA


Retinoids are analogues of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a powerful hormone that mediates

many fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation and

apoptosis1. Cancer and other serious hyperproliferative diseases are attractive therapeutic targets

for retinoids2, but the therapeutic use of retinoids is limited due to severe toxicity. Retinoids

induce their powerful biological effects by binding to and activating nuclear receptors. There are

six known retinoid receptors, the retinoic acid receptors RAR,, , and the retinoid X receptors

RXR,,. ATRA binds with high affinity to all three RARs but does not bind to the RXRs3. A

geometric isomer of ATRA, 9-cis-retinoic acid, is the putative hormone for the RXRs, and it

binds to both RXRs and RARs with high affinity.In this paper, the novel hybrid hetero-arotinoids

compounds (I) including oxygen as a heteroatom in six-membered cyclic ring (chromene) and an

acetylenic or double bond part have been synthesized, as RAR and RXR ligands candidates.

These novel compounds were synthesized mainly by heterocyclization and coupling pallado-

catalysed reactions4, and using the Wittig or Horner-W-Emmons-type olefination reactions. These

new hetero-arotinoids were tested against Glioblastomamultiforma brain cancer and exhibited an

appreciable anti-tumor activity.

1 Sporn, M. B. Roberts, A. B., Roberts, A. B., Goodman, D. S., Eds. The Retinoids :Biology, Chemistry, and Medecine;

2nd ed.; Raven : New York, 1994. 2 V.C.O. Njar, L. Gediya, P. Chorpa, Biorg. Med. Chem., 14, 2006, pp : 4323-4340 ; R. J. Motzer, L. Schwartz, M.

Law; B. A. Murphy; A. D. Hoffman,. J. Clin. Oncol.1995, 13, 1950.Duvic, M.; Hymes, K., Heald, P., Breneman, D.;

Martin, A. G.; Crowley, C.; Yocum, R. C. J. Clin. Oncol.2001, 19, 2456.Bushue N. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2010, 62,

13, 1285-98 3 Heyman R. A.,; Mangeldorf, D. J.; Dyck, J. A.;Stein, R. B.; Thaller, C., Cell , 1992, 68, 397.

4 : Madich, Y ; Denis, J. D. ; Ortega, A. ; Martinez, C; Matrane, A.; Belachemi, L.; de Lera, A. R.; Alvarez,

R.;Aurrecoechea, J. M. Synthesis ,Vol.45 , 16, 2013, p : 2009-2017



21

CO2H

Retinoic Acid (Tretinoin)

CO2H

MeOAcitretin

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, Acne and Psoriasis

O

R''

R

R

R'

R

n

R = H, Me

R' = -CO2Et , -(CH=CH)2-CO2Et; -(CH=C(Me))2-CO2Et -CONH-C6H5-CO2Et ; -(C6H4)2-CO2Et

R'' = C6H5, MeOC6H5, F-C6H5, Cl-C6H5; CF3C6H5, C6H5-C=C ; C6H5-(CH=CH)-C6H4-

(I)

n = 1,3

PP-1

SYNTHESIS OF THE ISOCHROMENIMINES AND ISO-BENZOFURANIMINES

DERIVATIVES BY PALLADIUM-CATALYZED THREE-COMPONENT ONE-

POT STEPWISE SONOGASHIRA-HETEROCYCLIZATION/HECK-COUPLING

L. Belachemi [a]; A. Kaoukabi [a]; M. Lahcini [a], H. Kaddami [a], Y.Madich [a, b]; J. M.

Aurrecoechea [b]; R. Alvarez [c]; G. Denis; A. Ortega, C. Martinez [c].

[a] : Laboratory of Organometallic an Macromolecular chemistry – Composites Materials,

department of Chemistry – Faculty of Sciences andTechnology – University Cadi Ayyad of

Marrakech

[b] : Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, Departamento de Quimica Organica II, Facultad de

Ciencia y tecnologia, Apartado 644, Bilbao, 48080, Spain

[c] : Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Campus

As Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] ; or

[email protected]

Palladium-catalyzed cascade heterocyclization/Heck-type coupling reactions have found

application in recent years in the synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives.

Simplification of multistep syntheses is often achieved by running two or more consecutive steps

in a one-pot procedure without isolation of intermediates. When metal-catalyzed reactions are

involved, one particular difficulty often encountered is the identification of a single catalytic

system compatible with all of the different steps involved in the overall transformation. We have

already described the preparation the preparation of products 4-6 in preparatively useful yields

starting from Sonogashira adducts derived from functionalized haloarenes 1 and alkynes 2, and


22

then using palladium- catalyzed heterocylization/Heck-type-coupling cascades with an alkene 3

under oxidative conditions4. In this contribution, we report that the same products 4-6 are

efficiently obtained by performing the consecutive palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira and

heterocylization/Heck cascade processes in a stepwise one-pot fashion, using the same catalyst,

and without isolation of the intermediate Sonogashira adducts. In the case of starting phenol- (1,

Nu = O) and aniline- (1, Nu = NH) type substrates, heterocylizations take place in the expected 5-

endo mode leading to benzofuran (4) and indole (5) products, respectively, whereas benzamides

(1, Nu = CONR) react regioselectively via 6-endo-O-cyclizations to afford coupling products 6

displaying a cyclic imidate structure. In this last case, it is also noteworthy that interference from

formation of alternative Cu-catalyzed 5-oxo-cylization-derived products is not a problem5.

Comparison with available literature data indicates that this one-pot strategy is advantageous in

terms of yields and operational simplicity. Additionally, it has allowed the incorporation of new

substitution patterns to the coupling products. Finally, functional group manipulation, allowing

for further structural flexibility in the final products (selective hydrolysis of esters, A = CO2Et, or

imino groups), is possible and will be also illustrated. The activity of these novel compounds was

evaluated as potential ligands for retinoic acid nuclear receptors RAR and RXR.

X

NuH

A

Y

A

O

A

N

O

N

A

+ R2

Pd(II), Cu(I)R2

R2

R1

or

1. X = I, BrNu = O, NH, CONR1

4. Y = O

5. Y = NH

R1, R2 = alkyle, arylA = EWG : CO2Et, COMe, CONH2

One-pot

3

6

2

R1

or

R2

Catalyst

4 Madich, Y ; Denis, J. D. ; Ortega, A. ; Martinez, C; Matrane, A.; Belachemi, L.; de Lera, A. R.; Alvarez, R.; Aurrecoechea, J. M.

Synthesis ,Vol.45, issue 14 july 16, p : 2009-2017 - 2013 , 5 Yao, B. ; Jaccoud, C. ; Wang, Q. ; Zhu, J. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, 5864-5868.


23

PP-2

THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE CRISTALIZATION BEHAVIOR OF

CORDIERITE

Hanaa Hajjou 1, Latifa Saâdi

1, and Mohamed Waqif

1

1Nanostructures and Condensed Materials Laboratory (LMCN), Faculty of Science and Technology,

Marrakech, Morocco

Corresponding author: [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected]

The cordierite (2MgO, 2Al2O3, 5SiO2) is a magnesium aluminosilicate that presents a very

significant technological interest, and constitutes a promising candidate in many applications

thanks to its physicochemical properties. Cordierite precursors were prepared by the co-

precipitation method from aluminum chloride, magnesium chlorides and silicic acid (H2Si2O5).

The work already done has shown that these samples calcined at 1300°C contains a significant

percentage of the cordierite and a small amount of spinel [1]. The inclusion of additives could be

beneficial to get pure cordierite.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of additives on the crystallization behavior

of cordierite. In this regard, four additives were used (ZnO , NiO2 , TiO2 et CaO) with two

percentage (5% et 10%). The mineralogical analysis show that the use of additives decrease the

crystallization temperature of cordierite to 1200°C, with difference intensity from an additive to

another.

The addition of TiO2,either with 5 wt % or 10 wt %, leads to the crystallization of α-cordierite

from 1200°C. At 1300°C, the only crystalline phase detected was the α-cordierite. With the

addition of 5 wt % CaO, the dominant crystalline phase in the precursors fired at 1300°C, was

found to be α-cordierite. When the amount added was increased to 10 wt %, the predominant

crystalline phase was found to be α-cordierite, and the secondary phase to be sapphirine. With 5

wt % or 10 wt % of ZnO as additive, the α-cordierite was present as major phase along with the

spinel phase as a secondary phase at 1300°C. In the case of NiO2, the predominant crystalline

phase was the α-cordierite accompanied by sapphirine for 5 wt % NiO2 and by spinel for 10 wt %

NiO2.

As perspective, other properties should be investigated Along with the crystallization behavior

such as the size of grain in order to offer a more developed study.

KEYWORDS: cordierite, co-precipitation, additives.

[1] Hajjou Hanaa, Saâdi Latifa, Waqif Mohamed, Fatah Nouria ―Effect of silicon source on the

crystallization temperature of the cordierite‖ J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7 (1) (2016) 176-186.


mailto:la.saadi@

mailto:m.waqif@


24

PP-3

CRYSTALLIZATION OF MULLITE BY CALCING ANDALUSITE

CONCENTRATE EXTRACTED FROM LOCAL ORE

Yassine ZAKI1, L. ELFOUJJI

2, A. ARBAOUI

2, Latifa SAADI

1 et Mohamed WAQIF

1

1. Laboratoire de Matières Condensées et Nanomatériaux, Equipe d’Etude et Valorisation des

Ressources Minérales et des Matériaux Synthétiques EVAR-MIMAS, Faculté des Sciences et

Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP549, Av. A. Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech,

Maroc.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

2. Laboratoire de Physique Théorique LPT-URAC 13, Faculté des Sciences, 4 Av. Ibn battouta,

BP 1014, Rabat

This work is focused on a comparative study of two samples of concentrates andalusite,

respectively obtained by different treatment of andalusite ore located in the Marrakech El Haouz

Tansift. The first sample is derived by sorting of andalusite pure grains (ANP) and the second

sample is obtained by flotation of the ore (AnF).

Analysis by infrared spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction shows the presence, in the two

samples in the raw state, the andalusite phase which is the dominant phase and quartz as a

secondary phase. However, the sample (AnF) obtained by flotation contains a small amount of

halloysite and feldspar. The laser particle size analysis reveals that the two samples in the raw

state have the same particle size distribution characterized by a bimodal distribution having a

population concentration of grains respectively around 0.1 to 1µm and from 10 to 100µm.

Mineralogical analysis of two samples calcined (1000 -1400°C) allowed to detect the formation

of a small amount of mullite at 1200°C with a dominance andalusite on quartz. Calcination at

1300°C of the sample (PNA) shows mullite as main phase, marking the complete conversion of

andalusite mullite.

These results allowed us to conclude that it is possible to extract flotation andalusite from ore.

Also it is possible to obtain mullite by thermal treatment above 1200°C. Optimized flotation

conditions appears necessary to remove the secondary phases such as quartz and feldspar.

Keywords : ore, andalusite, flotation, calcining, mullite.



25

Symposium 2: Materials & Energy


26

OP-2-1 Tuesday, February 9, 2016, Afternoon, from 14:00 to 14:20

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS

Ismail Saadoune*

Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériauxet de l’Environnement,

FST Marrakech, Av. A. Khattabi, BP 549, 40000, Marrakech, MOROCCO


Compared with traditional battery technology, lithium-ion batteries charge faster, last longer, and

have a higher power density for more battery life in a lighter package. For the last two

decades,Li-ion batteries have dominated the portable electronics industry including Electrical

vehicles, laptops....

For the stationary storage application (Solar & wind energies), Na-ion batteries have emerged as

the convenient candidateto make easier the development of these renewable energies as a result of

the large availability and the cheaper cost of sodium compared to lithium.

The Laboratory of Material and Environmental Chemistry (University Cadi Ayyad) started to

study electrode materials for Sodium and Lithium batteries since 1996. The main focus is to

develop new energetic materials based on Moroccan Mineral Resources (Phosphates, Cobalt,

Nickel, Manganese). The understanding of the structure, physical properties and the

electrochemical behavior of the targeted electrode materials was always the methodology adopted

in this Lab. to produce low production cost of active materials, with high storage performance

ready for scaling up.


EFFECTS OF IODIDE/TRIIODIDE (I¯/I3

¯)RATIOS ON PALM BASED

POLYURETHANE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FOR SOLID-STATE DYE-

SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

M. Faizzi

1, N.A. Ludin

1, N.M. Mohamed

2, K.H. Badri

3,4, A. Ahmad

1,4M.S. Su’ait

1,3*

1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi

PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 3Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia 4School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


In this investigation, the optimization of iodide/triiodide (I¯/I3

¯) ratios on palm-based

polyurethane (PU) polymer electrolyte‘s composition for solid-state dye sensitized solar cell

(DSSC) application is explored. Polyurethane polymer electrolyte is synthesized under nitrogen

gas atmosphere by pre-polymerization reactions between palm kernel oil monoester-OH (PKO-p)

and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) at different LiI/I2 molar ratios. The effects of




27

I¯/I3

¯molar ratios optimization on photovoltaic characteristics (short circuit current density, open

circuit voltage, fill factor and power conversion efficiency) of solid-state DSSC is examined by

light-current-voltage (LIV) measurements.The current-voltage characteristic of FTO/TiO2-

dye/PU-LiI-I2/Pt at LiI/I2 1:0.5 molar ratio demonstrated a photovoltaic response with a power

conversion efficiency of 2.03 % under a standard AM 1.5G illumination. The short circuit current

density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) is measured at 10.31 mA cm−2

and 0.54 V,

respectively. These promising results could be a first step toward a new generation of low-cost

and effective solid-state DSSC.

Keywords: Bio-based Polyurethane, iodide/triiodide, dye sensitized solar cell, Polymer electrolytes


PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMAL AND

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF TiO2/FATTY AND NANOFLUID ACID AS

PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM)

Mohammed Ouikhalfan

1, Hassan Benmhamed

1, Hassan Chehouani*

1, Hamid Kaddami

2, B.

Benhamou3

1 Laboratory of Processes, Metrology and Materials for Energy and Environment (LP2M2E),

FSTG, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco. 2Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry, FSTG, University of Cadi

Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco. 3 Laboratoire EnR2E, Centre National d’Étude et de Recherche sur l’Eau et l’Énergie

(CNEREE). Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech.

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

The latent heat storage method with phase change materials (PCMs) stand as a remarkable

solution for thermal energy storage. In building as in many other applications, it is needed to find

a solution to gather the thermal heat during the day to get use of it throughout the night. PCMs

reduce heating/cooling energy consumption, provide a thermal protection, decrease the effect of

peak load and offer a thermal inertia.

Organic phase change materials such as paraffins and fatty acids are attractive due to their high

latent heat per unit weight and mostly non-corrosive and chemically stable, but they have a low

thermal conductivity.

For this aim, TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed into a commercial fatty acid, mainly to enhance

the low thermal conductivity of this phase change material. A conventional method was adopted

to insure a better dispersion, based on melting the PCM, adding nanoparticles, mechanical stirring

and unltrasonic dispersion. Thermal conductivity measurement was performed in solid state (at

30°C) and liquid state (at 65°C), by a transient hot wire apparatus. We used a Brookfield

viscometer to determine the viscosity of the PCM in the liquid state (called also nanofluid), and

the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate the latent heat capacity. A thermostatic

bath served to fix the temperature.

Indeed, the transient hot wire measurement technique showed an improvement of thermal

conductivity by 43% in liquid state and 21% in solid state only by adding 0.3% of mass of TiO2.

The rheological behavior of the ‗nanofluid‘ is studied in a temperature range of 65°C – 85°C, the


28

fluid is found to be getting viscous by adding nanoparticles, or falling temperature, the viscosity

theoretical models are well predicting the results. For the latent heat capacity, the DSC shows an

insignificant instability, which does not affect the thermal energy storage application.


BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY

STORAGE DEVICE: UKM EXPERIENCES

A. Ahmad* School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

The National University of Malaysia (UKM) 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia


Polymer electrolyte materials have been studied due to the possibility of their application in a

variety of electrochemical devices such as batteries, solar cell, electrochromic displays and fuel

cells. Synthetic polymers that are commonly used as hosts face disadvantages, such as high cost

and not being environmentally ―green‖. As an alternative way to obtain polymer hosts with a

lower cost, in an environmentally-friendly manner and with good chemical and physical

properties, natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and its derivatives and modified natural

rubber have been investigated. In this paper, we discuss the current status of knowledge, potential

and performance of biopolymer electrolyte from fundamental toward application.

Keywords: Biopolymer, energy storage, Polymer electrolytes


SOLAR IRRADIANCE FORECASTING USING EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING

TECHNIQUE

Mira Syahirah, Lee Veng Chuan, Ahmad Mahir Razali*& Nurulkamal Masseran

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,

Selangor D. E., MALAYSIA


Forecasting solar irradiance is deemed as an important method when the information of solar

irradiance provided by satellite is unavailable. In this paper, exponential smoothing (ETS) is used

to fit solar irradiance data in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia specifically in Kuala

Terengganu. Two decomposition methods are proposed. The first method considers additive

seasonal-trend decomposition prior to the use of ETS. The second method decomposes the global

horizontal irradiance (GHI) time series into a direct and diffuse decomposition. The efficiency of

the models are determined by using four different standard forecasting accuracy measures such as

MAPE, MAD, MSD and RMSE. It was found that the first method which used GHI model is the

best method to forecast solar irradiance in Kuala Terengganu.

Keywords: Solar Irradiance; Global Horizontal Irradiance; Exponential Smoothing




29


30

Symposium 3: Water, Geology&Environment


31


32

OP-3-1 Wednesday, February 10, 2016, Morning from 8:30 to 8:50

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FACING MINING WASTES

MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO

RachidHakkou*

LCME, Université Cadi Ayyad, FST-Marrakech, Av A. Khattabi, BP 549, 40000 Marrakech,

Morocco.


With its rich and diverse mineral resources and its geological formations belonging to the whole

geological series, Morocco has a long mining tradition, spanning several centuries. A succession

of orogenic belts (from the Precambrian to the Tertiary) is endowed with various types of

deposits. Morocco, like many other countries with large mining industries, is increasingly

concerned about the serious environmental problems that mine wastes can cause, particularly

around abandoned mines. In this context, since 2009the IDRC Research Chair in ―Management

and Stabilization of Mining and Industrial Wastes‖ has developed, both in the laboratory and in

the field, cost-effective restoration methods adapted to semi-arid climatic conditions to manage

and stabilize harmful mine wastes. Environmental characterization and reclamation research

activities have been conducted at nine mine sites: Tiwine (Mn), Tiouit (Ag, Au, Cu) and

Zgounder (Ag) in the Anti-Atlas; the Erdouz mine (Pb, Zn) in the High Atlas; the well-known

Kettara mine (FeS) in the Jebilet Massif; the Zaïda and Mibladen mines (Pb) in the Upper

Moulouya (between the Middle and High Atlas); and the Jerada (anthracite) and Touissit (Zn, Pb)

mines in eastern Morocco. Furthermore, the team also investigated new technologies for the

recycling and valorization of non-polluting mine waste.

A significant outcome of work to date is the restoration of the abandoned Kettara mine site,

which had been leaching heavy metals into the soil and water table for decades. IDRC funding

and collaboration with UQAT have made this effort possible. Indeed, the promising results of the

Kettara field investigation validated the reclamation scenario of this site through the reuse of

phosphate mine wastes as a store-and-release (SR) cover. The rehabilitation scenario of the

abandoned Kettara mine (school site) is almost performed. The business plan of the reclamation

is being finalized.Thanks to IDRC funds and the transfer of UQAT (CRC) knowledge, the Kettara

mine site will be the first site restored in North and West Africa.

Studies of other mines are sufficiently advanced to propose and implement cost-effective ways to

remediate or mitigate their tailings or to valorize their tailings as raw materials for bricks and

ceramics, for example. For the Upper-Moulouya mining district Zeida and Mibladen sites), the

reclamation project consists of studying the feasibility of using mine tailings as aggregates for

mortars. The obtained result show that using the upper Moulouya tailings (as aggregates leads to

the production of mortars with good mechanical properties, requiring more water and having

longer open time than reference sand-based mortars. Moreover, incorporating tailings in mortars

successfully prevented the leaching of metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and As).

Furthermore, the use of mine wastes to make fired bricks is a very promising method. It could

reduce considerably the abusive consumption of finite resources in construction domain. Besides,

good quality bricks may be produced entirely from only mine wastes. Recent results about fired

bricks corresponding to three types of mine wastes and reference materials are promising. The

wastes studied are: treated (Pb removed) calamine process mine tailings, phosphates waste rocks,



33

coal mine waste rocks and treated (decarbonized) coal mine tailings.The obtained results show

clearly that the technical performance of fired bricks made from the mine wastes depend mainly

on the nature of each waste.

OP-3-2 Wednesday, February 10, 2016, from 8:50 to 9:10

THE IMPACT OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES ON SHOREFACE AND

SHORELINE CHANGES IN THE ATLANTIC COAST OF MOROCCO: MULTI-

METHOD ANALYSIS- CASE OF AGADIR BAY MOROCCO-

Ismail Aouiche, Lahcen Daoudi

Laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Technique, Université

Cadi Ayyad-Marrakech, B.P.549, Marrakech, Morocco


Sandy beaches are some of the most active geological systems in the world and their morphology

commonly responds rapidly to high and low-energy conditions. The links between shoreline

fluctuations and larger-scale coastal change embracing the shoreface are not always well

understood. In particular, meso-scale (years to decades) sand exchanges between the shoreface

and the shoreline, considered as important on many wave-dominated coasts, are rather poorly

understood and difficult to identify. Coastal systems where sediment transport is perturbed by

engineering structures on the shoreline and shoreface commonly provide fine examples that are

liable to throw light on these sediment exchange links.

Achieving the objective of highlighting these links on coasts requires the crossing of methods that

jointly address coastal morphological change, bathymetric change and the hydrodynamic forcing.

. The case of Agadir beach represents a fine example of the dilemma that faces many developing

countries, where economic activities, notably harbours, are exerting an increasingly stronger

stranglehold on the coast. Using a combined methodological approach based on wave–current

modelling, bathymetric chart-differencing, determination of shoreline fluctuations, and beach

topographic surveying, we highlight the close links between variations in the bed of the inner

shoreface and the bay shoreline involving both cross-shore and longshore sand transport

pathways, sediment budget variations and new sediment cell patterns. We show that the

significant changes that have affected the bay shoreline and shoreface since 1978 clearly reflect

anthropogenic impacts, notably blocking of alongshore sand transport by Agadir harbour,

completed in 1988, and the foundations of which lie well beyond the depth of wave closure.

Construction of the harbour has led to the creation of a rapidly accreting beach against an original

portion of rocky shoreline updrift and to a net sand loss exceeding 145,000 m3/year between 1978

and 2012 over 8.5 km2of the bay shoreface downdrift. Digital elevation models of part of the bay

beach between 2012 and 2014 confirm this on-going sand loss. These changes have involved the

establishment of two divergent longshore bay sediment cells instead of the original single

unidirectional cell. A prospective view of these changes suggests that perturbation of longshore

drift and the on-going bay sediment budget deficit will eventual directly pose threats to the

harbour access and to coastal tourism on which the economic growth of Agadir has been built.


34

OP-3-3 Wednesday, February 10, 2016, Morningfrom 9:10 to 9:30

MOROCCAN LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS AS A VALUABLE PALEO-

ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHIVES

Benkaddour A. 1, Rhoujjati A.

1, Nourelbait M.

2, Vidal L.

3, Idabdellah H.

1,3, Adallal R.

1,3, and

Cheddadi R.2


1Université Cadi Ayyad, FSTG, Laboratoires Géo-ressources, (URAC 42), Bd. A. Khattabi, BP

549, 40 000, Marrakech,Morocco. 2UniversitéMontpellier-2,InstitutdesSciencesdel’Évolution,UMRUM2-CNRS-

IRD5554,Montpellier,Franc 3CEREGE, UM34, Université Aix-Marseille / CNRS UMR 7330/IRD UMR 161, Europôle de

l'Arbois BP8013545 Aix en Provence cedex, France

Moroccan mountains, lying at the extreme North Africa, are climatically a sensitive area to the

influence of Mediterranean Sea, Saharan desert and Atlantic Ocean air masses. Past

environmental changes are recorded in different natural archives such as lacustrine sediments.

Thelatter are one of the most interesting and reliable non-marine palaeo-archives that Morocco

has for studying past hydrology, limnology and climate changes. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions

are based on a variety of proxy data using both biological and sedimentary indicators. The

Moroccan mountains contain several small basins with natural lakes where Quaternary deposits

may be retrieved. Besides the natural changes, the Moroccan mountains have been impacted by

recent human disturbances which also be identified in the fossil records. Fluctuations in the

balance between precipitation and evaporation are translated directly into changes in lake level

and salinity.

Moroccan lakes have been the subject of multidisciplinary investigations during the last five

decades. Most of these studies aim to reconstruct the Holocene climatic and environmental changes.

Relevant reconstructions were obtained from palynological, geochemical and isotopic data.


AN EXAMPLE OF THE JOINT INTERNATIONAL LABORATORY: REMOTE

SENSING OF WATER RESOURCES IN SEMI-ARID MEDITERRANEAN

BASINS: LMI-TREMA

Er-Raki, S*, Simonneaux, V. et al.

LP2M2E/LMI-TREMA, Département de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,

Université Cadi Ayyad.

*Corresponding author:[email protected]/[email protected]

A joint international laboratory (LMI) (Jarlan et al., 2015) is an operational structure created

on IRD (Research Institute for Development) initiative for research and training. LMI are located

in the premises of a southern partner allowing the realization of joint training and research around


35

a common scientific platform. The LMI TREMA, based at the Cadi Ayyad University of

Marrakech (UCAM; Morocco), involves a multidisciplinary team of researchers and professors

from several research institutions in Morocco and in France. It has been created in 2011 based on

a long lasting collaboration between CESBIO and actors of the Marrakech region within the

frame of the SUDMEDprogram (Chehbouni et al. 2008) among which UCAM, Agricultural

Office of the Haouz Plain (Office Régional de Mise en valeur Agricole du Haouz, or ORMVAH)

and The Hydraulic Agency of the Tensift (Agence du Bassin Hydraulique du Tensift, or ABHT).

As such, it can be considered as the second phase of the Morocco component of the SUDMED

program. This creation although in the continuity of the activities led within the framework of the

SUDMED program, entails a change of scale at two levels: (1) scientific with the integration of

new scientific questions (in particular, the groundwater dynamic was merely not addressed

within the first phase of the project); (2) in terms of partnerships as the Laboratory has been

opened to new partners on targeted thematics including national institutions such as the

Meteorological Office of Morocco (Direction de la Météorologie Nationale or DMN; Casablanca,

Morocco) and the National Center for Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Technics (Centre National

de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires or CNESTEN; Rabat, Morocco).

The scientific activities of the joint international laboratory TREMA are supported by an

experimental design of in situ and satellite data sets structured as an observatory of the water

resources of the Haouz catchment. The study of the soil–plant–atmosphere exchange processes

and the integrated hydrological functioning of the catchment are the main objectives of the

laboratory. The irrigated crops, which use 85% of available water, are particularly studied to

quantify water exchanges by evapotranspiration and deep drainage. Finally, the laboratory

TREMA is dedicated to contribute to training and building capacity, by promoting the use of

remote sensing observations by engineers from management institutions through short training

session and by training research PhD students.

Bibliography :

Jarlan, L., Khabba, S., Er-Raki, S., et al., 2015. RemoteSensing of Water Resources in Semi-Arid

Mediterranean Areas: the joint internationallaboratory TREMA, International Journal of Remote

Sensing, 36:19-20, 4879-4917, doi:10.1080/01431161.2015.1093198.

Chehbouni, A., R. Escadafal, B. Duchemin, et al., 2008. An Integrated Modelling and Remote

Sensing

Approach for Hydrological Study in Arid and Semi-arid Regions: The SUDMED Programme.

International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (17–18): 5161–5181.

doi:10.1080/01431160802036417.


SNOW COVER DYNAMIC OF THE MOROCCAN ATLAS MOUNTAINS

A.Marchane1& L. Hanich

1

1Laboratoire de Géoressources - Unité associée au CNRST (URAC42), Département des Sciences

de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Av. A. Khattabi, BP 549,

40000 Marrakech, Morocco.


Over semi-arid areas, snow cover in the mountains represents an important source of water for

many people living downstream. This study evaluates the daily MODIS snow covered area



36

products over the 7 catchments with a rain-snow functioning covering the Atlas chain in

Morocco. To this objective, more than 4600 daily MODIS images from September 2000 to June

2013 have been processed based on a spatio-temporal filtering algorithm aiming at reducing the

cloud coverage and the problem of discrimination between snow and cloud. The number of pixel

identified as cloud is reduced by 96% from 22.6% to 0.8%. In a second step, the ability of the

product to detect snow is tested against 5 stations of automatic snow depth measurements

covering 22 complete seasons. The overall accuracy is equal to 90%. Although slightly lower

than previously published validation studies, this is fairly good considering the highly varying

dynamic of the snow cover in the region characterized by period of complete ablation even during

the core of the winter due to high incoming radiation. The timing of the seasonal snow is also

correctly detected with 11.4 days and 9.4 days of average errors with almost no bias for the onset

date and the ablation date, respectively and 18.2 days on the snow cover duration. The processed

fractional snow cover is also tested against a series of 19 clear images acquired by the

FORMOSAT sensor at 8-m resolution from February to June 2009 in the Tensift catchment

(Marrakech). The comparison of the two datasets results in a correlation coefficient of r=0.94 and

an average low bias of 3.96 km² but some differences are observed during the very end of the

ablation phase. Finally, the processed snow cover products provide insights into spatio-temporal

variability of snow cover in the region which is analyzed through seasonal indicators including

onset and melt-out date, the snow cover duration (SCD) and the maximum snow cover extent: (1)

the dynamic is characterized by a very strong interannual signal with a variation coefficient of the

maximum Snow covered extent reaching 77%; (2) there is no evidence of a statistically

significant long term trend on none of the seasonal indicators although results point out that the

snow cover duration has increased in winter and decreased in spring for the 2001-2013 period.

The study concludes that the daily MODIS product can be used with a reasonable confidence to

map snow cover in the South Mediterranean despite difficult detection conditions. This

characterization of snow pack dynamic at seasonal and inter-annuel scale is also an important and

unique information in the region for water managers such as basin hydraulic agency to plan water

management at the catchment scale.


37


38

Symposium 4: Biology and Biotechnology


39


40


MOROCCAN STRAINS OF YEASTAND ALGAE TO PRODUCE BIOENERGY

Ahansal Lahcen; Hammoumi Aayah, Clarisse Iradukunda; Boussaid Abdellatif*

Bioprocess Engineering team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology

Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.


The production of oil was compared for locally isolated strains of and algae asomycetous as well

as basidioycetous strains of yeasts. Many strains showed a consistent level of production higher

than 50% oil per biomass dry weight. The fatty acid profiles showed a dominance of C16 to C18

especially for yeast strains. The highest levels of il production were obtained for glycerol as the

only source of carbon and ratios of C/N around 50 for these yeast strains. Cultures of strains of

Dunaliellla salina led to significantly lower oil productivity due to lower growth observed or

algae strains. Furthermore, carotenoids production by some yeast strains showed potential for

exploitation thereby improving the economical outlook of using some of these strains for

biodiesel as well as carotenoids production.


BIOTRANSFORMATION OF BLACK LIQUOR OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT

BUNCH FIBER (OPEFBF) INTO VANILLIN BY Pycnoporus cinnabarinus MUCL

39533

Pei-Ling Tang

1, Osman Hassan

1*, Mohamad Yusof Maskat

1, Khairiah Badri

1,2

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The

National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, The National

University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


This study was conducted to maximize the vanillin yield from black liquor of oil palm empty fruit

bunch fiber (OPEFBF) after fermentation with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus MUCL 39533. A

preliminary study was conducted on the behavior of P. cinnabarinus MUCL 39533 using vanillic

acid and ferulic acid (vanillin precursor) as raw material for conversion into vanillin.

Subsequently, the suitability of crude OPEFBF black liquor and the recovered lignin as the

feeding substrate of fermentation were evaluated. Results of the study indicated that vanillic acid

is the most preferred substrate for vanillin production by P. cinnabarinus. For high yield vanillin

production, large volume feeding (LVF) was chosen. Addition of cellobiose enhanced the

conversion of ferulic acid into vanillin. This study successfully proved that lignin was the

preferred substrate than the crude black liquor for vanillin production. End product inhibition and

toxicity level were believed are the root causes of the unsuitability of crude black liquor as

feeding substrate. Besides, cellobiose was found to enhance non-productive metabolism of ferulic

acid in crude black liquor. Factors such as lignin feeding time, the presence of cellobiose and

Amberlite XAD 4 resin, as well as the method resin addition, affected the vanillin yield from



41

lignin fermentation. Eventually, maximum vanillin yield was achieved by fed lignin on day 3

incubation, in the presence of cellobiose and freely-distributed Amberlite XAD 4 resin (added on

day 3). Approximately 0.65±0.08 mg of vanillin was successfully produced from the fermentation

of 1 g of lignin by P. cinnabarinus MUCL 39533. In this study the optimized processing

operation was able to produce about 142.4 mg of vanillin from each kilogram of OPEFBF in.

Keywords: Black liquor, Ferulic acid, Lignin, Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFBF),

Vanillic acid, Vanillin.


EFFECT OF DEODORIZATION PROCESS ON THE FISHY AROMA,

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FUCOSE CONTENT OF FUCOIDAN

Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha*, Lim Seng Joe, Mohamad Yusof

Maskat and Sahilah Abd Mutalib

School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM 43600, Selangor DE, Malaysia


The objective of this research was to determine the most efficient deodorize process of

commercial fucoidan with least fishy aroma, high antioxidant properties and fucose content.

Three different method of deodorization were used namely activated carbon (1:15), ion exchange

resin (Amberlite 67) (1:2) and deacidification (1% CaCO3). Reduction of fishy aroma

wasdetermined via sensorial analysis by using Kramer‘s rank table. Sensory result showed

significant differences (p<0.05) in all processes where activated carbon was the most efficient

deodorize process to eliminate fishy aroma from fucoidan sample. Antioxidant activities

determination using free radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), superoxide anion scavenging

activity (SOA) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (OH) were carried out before and after

the deodorization process took place. Again result showed that fucoidan treated with activated

carbon could maintain the former antioxidant activity of fucoidan compared to the other two

processes. Total fucose content measured using colorimetric method (396nm and 427nm) also did

not show any significant differences in sample treated by activated carbon. Therefore it can be

concluded that activated carbon was the most efficient process to eliminate fishy aroma without

losing the functional properties of fucoidan.

Keywords: Deodorization; Fucoidan; Antioxidant; Fishy Aroma


42


YEASTS IN SMEN, A FERMENTED FARM

Clarisse Iradukunda*, Yassir Barcouch , Ahmed Tadlaoui Ouafi & Abdellatif Boussaid

Bioprocess Engineering team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology

Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.


Smen is a traditional fermented Moroccan product prepared from farm butter fermented up to a

few years in closedearthyjars. Lipolysis has been described as the main mechanism that leads to

the formation of smen. This work is oriented towards the understanding of the role of yeasts in

the fermentation of smen and the production of aromas along with the analysis of the quality of

this commercial product.

We analyzed 17 samples of commercial final products of smen, collected in the area of

Marrakech, for total flora; yeasts and moulds; lactic acid bacteria; lipolytic flora; proteolytic

flora; coliforms, fecal streptococci and pathogenic staphylococci.

Physicochemical and microbiological compositions of smen varied widely. Average fat content,

water, dry matter, salt, lactose and proteins are respectively 81%, 10-20%, 2.73 to 7.36%, 0.9 to

3.4%, 1.2% and 3.25%. Present in 59% of samples, Lactobacillus were the main lactic acid

bacteria at 3.105 CFU/g of smen. Fecal coliforms and presumed pathogenic staphylococci were

both found in 3 samples with concentrations above the safety standards for fermented food.

Comparing the different floras, yeasts were the predominant microorganisms and their

contribution in the fermentation and maturation of smen should be important as for they

constitute the major part of lipolytic and proteolytic floras. This may be linked to their metabolic

activity and ability to resist to physicochemical stresses as it is the case of smen environment.

Many strains were observed such as Geotrichum sp., Yerrowia sp., Debaryomyces sp.,

Saccharomyces sp., Klyveromyces sp., Candida sp., and Rhodotolura sp.

The presence and role of yeast in smen have been overlooked. However, we think that their

lipolytic and proteolytic properties, formation of aromas, probiotic effect and their killer factors

towards undesired bacteria contribute to smen maturation and safety.


OxiCount KIT: A QUICK METHOD TO DETERMINE ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITY IN PLANT MATERIALS

Aminah Abdullah

*and Khalid Hamid Musa

School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, 43600

UKM, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


There is an increasing interest in antioxidants, particularly in those intended to prevent the

presumed deleterious effects of free radicals in the human body, and to prevent the deterioration



43

of constituents of foodstuffs. The capacity to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)

free radical can be expressed as a measure of antioxidant activity. In this assay, the purple

chromogen radical is reduced by antioxidant/reducing compounds to the corresponding pale

yellow hydrazine. In the classical DPPH assay, a large volume of freshly prepared DPPH solution

(2.9-3.9 ml) is required daily. An alternative approach for overcoming the classical method

limitations is proposed. In this research, DPPH was dried into 96 well microplate to produce

DPPH dry reagent array plate, based on which the highly sensitive and high throughput

determination of antioxidant activities was achieved. The spectrophotometric characterization of

the microplate containing dried or fresh DPPH free radicals will be reported. The advantages of

the newly- developed kit over the conventional DPPH assay will be highlighted

OP-4-6 Wednesday, February 10, 2016, Afternoon from 14:00 to 14:20

MANIPULATION OF MICROBIAL GENE EXPRESSION FOR PRODUCTION

OF NEW SECONDARY METABOLITES

Rozida Khalid*


Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


Microbial gene expressions of secondary metabolites are usually influenced by its surrounding

environment. Thus, many studies manipulate microbial culture conditions to induce production of

new metabolites. Here, Mycosphaerellagraminicola (fungi), Glaciozymaantarctica (yeast) and

Bacilluslehensis (bacteria) were grown at different culture conditions and/or induced with

epigenetic modifiers for production of new metabolites. Results show that some culture

conditions are much more conducive for gene expression and that the efficacy of epigenetic

modifiers to induce gene expression varies amongst microorganisms.

Keywords: Mycosphaerella graminicola, Glaciozyma antarctica, Bacillus lehensis, epigenetic

modifiers, microbial secondary metabolites


LEGUME-RHIZOBIA SYMBIOS COULD BE AN EFFICIENT BIOLOGICAL

TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE SOIL AND CROPS FERTILIZATION

Makoudi B1., Bargaz A.

1, Farissi M.

1, Mouradi M.

1, Kabbaj A.

1, Bouizgaren A.

2, Drevon JJ.

3 ,

And Ghoulam C.1

1Unit of Plant Biotechnology and Symbiosis Agrophysiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques,

B.P 549, Gueliz, Marrakech; 2Unit of Plant Breeding and Quality, INRA, Marrakech;

3UMR Eco &Sol, INRA, Montpellier, France


Legumes culture occupies the second rank throughout the world after cereals. These species have

the ability to establish a biological nitrogen fixing symbiosis with soil rhizobia. This process

could supply, when operating normally, the necessary nitrogen amount for an adequate

production and contribute for fertilization of associate cultures too. However in many


44

agrosystems the optimal functioning of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is usually handicapped

by some environmental constraints as osmotic stresses and phosphorus deficiency. The main

objective of our research works is to select legume genotypes-rhizobia strains combinations more

performing for BNF under some main abiotic constraints. Our studies were carried out on grain

and forage legume species and the trials were conducted in fields, in farmers ‗fields and in the

experimental stations, and under green house in pot or hydraeroponic cultures. The cultures were

submitted to osmotic stress or phosphorus deficiency. The rhizobia strains used for plant

inoculation were generally isolated from nodules collected in the Haouz area. Our results showed

that osmotic stress affected negatively legume-rhizobia symbiosis for all of the tested

combinations with a significant variation between them. Thus, this constraint reduced plant

growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation activity and increased the accumulation of oxygen reactive

species (ORS). The legume-rhizobia symbiosis developed some agrophysiological mechanisms to

cope with the effect of osmotic stress particularly in nodules that were qualified as a center of

ORS detoxification. Under phosphorus deficiency, nodulation and P contents in plant and nodules

were reduced with significant variation between symbiotic combinations. The symbiosis

established some physiological processes to improve its P nutrition particularly those allowing

solubilisation of insoluble P in the rhizosphere as medium acidification and excretion of

phosphatases. Also, beside these mechanisms serving itself, this symbiosis contributes to improve

cereal plant nutrition when associated in intercropping system.


GROWTH RESPONSES OF MANGROVE PLANTS TO ELEVATED

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE AT OPEN ROOF GREEN-HOUSE

Baseem M. Tamimi, Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad*,Mohd. Nizam Mohd. Said&Che Radziah

Che Mohd. Zain

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and

Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.


Mangroves are extraordinary ecosystems, located at the interface of land and sea that offer a

considerable array of ecosystem goods and services. Climate change is one of the greatest threats

to this blue carbon ecosystem. This global problem has led to the other severe and long lasting

consequences such as climate variations and extreme weather events such as high temperature,

torrential rains, and droughts. Plants respond rapidly to the ongoing changes which significantly

differ from species to species and from year to year. Hence, the assessment on the effects of

extreme events on mangrove plants including climate change is vital. In this study, the effect of

elevated carbon dioxide concentration on two species of mangrove in monoculture and mixed-

culture experiment was examined. The monoculture experiment used the Rhizophoraapiculata and

R. mucronata species and mixed-culture were represented by a mixture of the two mangroves

species. The treatment of elevated carbon dioxide was at 600 ppm, which was exposed daily at

9.30 to 11.30 am. Morphology parameters of growth were measured weekly for eight weeks. Our

results showed that the effect of the increased carbon dioxide at low water salinity on the R.

apiculata monoculture stand was positive whereas on the R. mucronata monoculture stand was

negative compared to the control. The results also exhibited that the effect on the mixed-culture

mangroves was positive compared to the control. Our results revealed as well that the two

mangrove species adapted to the carbon dioxide enrichment after a few months. The results



45

indicated that a rise in the carbon dioxide concentration may further influence the abundance and

the distribution of mangrove plants in the natural environment.

Keywords: elevated CO2, mangrove, Rhizophoraapiculata, Rhizophoramucronata


ASSESSMENT OF FIREFLY ABUNDANCE AT NEW ECOTOURISM SITE OF

BERNAM RIVER, SELANGOR

Norela Sulaiman* and Shahara Ayub

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Prior to this study, no scientific documentation of firefly distribution and abundance along the

Bernam River, Selangor has ever been reported. Therefore, this study provides an important

baseline information for the conservation of the firefly, Pteroptyx spp. and its

natural habitat along the Bernam River in the state of Selangor as a new ecotourism site. This

study was conducted during two full moons and two new moons from February until April

2015, in which we surveyed the distribution and abundance (percentage cover estimation, PCE)

of congregating fireflies along the riparian reserves of the study site. Vegetation assemblages at

40 display stations where adult fireflies congregate to mate along the river were also recorded.

There are no significant differences in firefly abundance between the full moon and new moon

phases (p>0.05), indicating that the tourists can visit the fireflies at any time of the month for 365

days a year. The recorded data for male to female ratio is 3:1, indicating that the

firefly population is not stable and prone to decline because lack of females would lead to

decreasing fecundity and fertility rates. Thus, effort to increase the firefly population should be

made immediately, such as replanting of the degraded host plants of the fireflies. Colonies of the

synchronizing fireflies congregated mainly on two estuarine species, namely Sonneratia

caseolaris and Ficus sp. It is recommended that the primary host plant species, Sonneratia

caseolaris locally known as Berembang should be replanted along the degraded riverbanks to

attract the firefly colonies. There are no significant correlations (p>0.05) between the

Percentage Cover Estimation of fireflies and specific abiotic parameters (i.e. temperature,

relative humidity, wind, salinity, total dissolved solidsand conductivity). For this part of the

Bernam River to be developed as a new ecotourism site, it would require some mitigation

measures aimed towards increasing the firefly population to sustain the local tourism industry.

Keywords: distribution; abundance; Pteroptyx fireflies; Bernam River; Sonneratia caseolaris;

Ficus sp.



46


USE OF THE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS AS BIOLOGICAL

TOOLS TO IMPROVE PLANT GROWTH AND TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT

AND POOR SOILS: DATE PALM AS A MODEL

Ahmed Qaddoury*

Plant Biotechnology & Agrophysiology of Symbiosis, University of Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of

Sciences and Techniques, Abdelkerim AlKhattabi streetPO Box 549 Marrakesh, Morocco


One of the main challenges for the sustainable management of agricultural land, especially in arid

and semi-arid area, is the combination of the proper use of plant biotechnologies and the

management of soil microorganisms as providers of key ecological services that has been at the

forefront of generating and promoting agricultural production. These organisms, often referred to

as ‗ecosystem engineers‘, ‗biocontrol agents‘ ‗biofertilizers‘ or ‗bioenhancers‘, can participate in

improving plant growth and nutrition, strengthening plant performance, restoring ecosystems and

combating pests and pollution. The most important providers of these ecological services are

arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which can form a symbiotic association with roots of most

land plants including horticultural and forestry species. In this presentation, we will discuss the

main results of our recent investigations that have been conducted to assess the ability of

arbuscular mycorhizal fungi to increase plants tolerance to drought and poor soils. We will

discuss the most persuasive mechanism of the contribution of arbuscular mycorhizal fungi,

including water status, nutrient level, antioxidant defense system, osmotic adjustment and cell

damages alleviation.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, drought, poor soil, water status, antioxidant

defense system, osmotic adjustment.


THE OPTIMIZATION AND EFFICIENT ISOLATION OF HIGH QUALITY

RNA EXTRACTION FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF RHYNCHOPHORUS

FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: DRYOPHTHORIDAE)

1Nurul Hidayah, A.S. 1Nurul Wahida, O.*&2Norefrina Shafinaz, M.N. .

1School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor 2School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor

A technique is described for rapid dissection of adult red palm weevil, Rhynchrophorus

ferrugineus, to facilitate diagnosis of RNA expression in salivary gland. Commonly, the integrity

of extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) were analyzed by gel electrophoresis resulted in form of

rRNA band. However, it undergone slightly significant differ in R. ferrugineus when the RNA


47

were assessed by bioanalyzer. To date, this is one of the instruments used for RNA quality

assessment and currently become a gold standard tools by microfluidic capillary electrophoresis

systems. The analyses of bioanalyzer were undergone by heat-denatured steps as it was a prior

used in sample separation. Surprisingly, the R.ferrugines rRNA profiles were showed a single

rRNA peak of 18S instead of two expected clear peaks for two common bands of rRNA, 18S and

28S with the normal protocol. The RNA digestive tract of R. ferrugineus were then treated by the

bioanalyzer without head-denatured steps. As a result, two peaks of 18S and 28S rRNA was

observed. This results shows that the diagnosis of bioanalyzer with heat treatment immerged the

28S rRNA fragment and intact to 18S rRNA fraction. Hence, this result countered the matter of

gel electrophoresis that appeared with switch the 2:1 ratio of 28S/18S rRNA.Therefore, the usage

of this bioanalyzer could be used as an alternative way to validate the integrity of RNA in future.

Key words: RNA extraction, salivary glands, digestive tract, red palm weevil


48

Symposium 5: Physics


49


50

OP-5-1 Thursday, February 11, 2016, Morning from 8:30 to 8:50

HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF HOT DIPPED ALUMINISING ON

CARBON STEEL IN DRY AND WET ENVIRONMENTS

Zaifol Samsu*

1,2,, Norinsan Kamil Othman

1*, Abd Razak Daud

1, Muhamad Izhar

Sahri1and Muhammad Daud

2

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor 2Material Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43600

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Carbon steel can easily be corroded in various environments, particularly at high temperature and

wet environment. The oxide layer that formed on the carbon steel surface does not behave as a

protective layer (passive) from corrosion when the surface is exposed to high temperature. Thus,

the surface of the carbon steel must be coated with a metal that can form oxide surface and

intermetallic layer that can protect the carbon steel from high temperature corrosion. The

objective of this study is to determine the corrosion characteristics, microstructures and surface

morphologies of Al-xLa (x = 0.05-1%wt) coating material at 750oC under atmospheric air, dry

oxygen (Ar-20%O2) and wet oxygen (Ar-20%O2-20%H2O) flows. The optimum coating was

acquired by carrying out the hot dipping coating technique using pure Al at different molten

temperatures and dipping time. The coating specimens were exposed to atmospheric air, dry and

wet oxygen environments at 750oC. The specimen prior and after exposing Al-xLa coatings were

analysed using optical microscope, SEM and EDAX to study its surface morphologies, coating

cross sections and elemental compositions whereas phase compositions was determined using

XRD. The hot dipping technique caused two layers to be formed on the carbon steel surface, the

outer Al layer and the inner aluminide layer (Fe-Al). The aluminide layer itself consists of two

distinct layers of thin FeAl3 at the outer layer and much thicker Fe2Al5 on the inner layer. Results

from microhardness tests show that the aluminide hardness values increased with the increase in

molten Al temperatures used with no apparent change to the strength of Al layer. Results from the

high temperature experiments indicates that the optimum La content in Al is 0.3%wt that

provides the lowest corrosion rate with a kinetic constant of 3.45 x 10-11

g2cm

-4s

-1. This is because

the La content in the aluminizing improve the plasticity of aluminised layer and the adhesion

ability of Al2O3 film, caused promoting a form of protective oxide film and lead to reduce the size

and numbers of void formation at the aluminide layer. The Al layer diminished with the

formation of FeAl, FeAl2 and Fe2Al5 phases after the coating samples were exposed to high

temperatures. The presence of water vapor in the oxidant gas atmospheres lead to the rapid

degradation of aluminide layer caused by formation of voids and cracks that led to oxidation

occurs at the aluminide layer compared with dry oxygen. In conclusion, in addition of of La in

aluminising up to 0.3%wt can retard the corrosion rate of carbon steel at high temperature in

flowing of of atmospheric air, dry and wet oxygen gases.

Keywords :Hot dipped aluminising, Oxidation, water vapor and intermetallic



51


SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF PULSATING STARS AT OUKAIMEDEN

OBERVATORY IN MOROCCO A.Benhida

1,2, F. Sefyani

1,2,T. de France

3, Z. Benkhaldoun

1, D. Gillet

4, P. Mathias

5, A. Daassou

1,

M. Lazrek1

1: Laboratoire de Physique des Hautes Energies et d’Astrophysique (LPHEA) Université Cadi

Ayyad

2: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques département de Physique Appliquée, Marrakech

3: open-astronomy.org

4: CNRS Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), France

5: Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP) Tarbes, France


Location of modern observatories requires high sky quality: good weather, isolated site to avoid

any pollution, high altitude for a better transparency and to reduce temperature gradients, the

main source of atmospheric turbulence. With an altitude of 2750m, the region of Oukaimeden in

Morocco (longitude: 7°52'052" West, latitude: 3°112032" North) meets most of these criteria

With its 10'' and 14'' dedicated telescopes operating in remote control modes that

combines high precision photometry and high resolution spectroscopy (spectrograph Eshell of

R~10000 resolution over a wide spectral range), the universitary observatory of Oukaimeden

aims to develop new thematics in addition to present science. In particular, through this

instrumentation, we aim to develop the field of pulsating stars, especially the atmospheric

dynamics of high amplitude pulsators such as RR Lyrae and RV Tauri star, in order to establish

new models of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of their atmospheres (shock waves,

relaxation time, energy loss...).

In this work we will first describe our measuring instruments, and then analyze spectra

and photometric curves of RR Lyrae star obtained during the maximum of the Blazhko effect.


PHASE-FIELD MODELING OF MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION

IN NI-BASE SUPERALLOYS AT HIGH-TEMPERATURE

O.boualy

1, H.Mharzi

2, A.Coujou

3, Y.Le Bouar

4, M.Benyoucef

1

1 : Laboratoirie of Condenssed Mater and Nanostructures (LMCN)

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, B,P549, Av.Abdelkarim Elkhattabi, Guéliz Marrakech

2 : Université Ibn Toufail, Campus Universitaire, BP 242, Kenitra

3: CEMES 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France

4 : Laboratoire d’Étude des Microstructures, CNRS-ONERA, B.P. 72, F92322 Châtillon Cedex, France


Superalloys are unique materials developed for high temperature applications where

significant resistance to creep and thermal fatigue conditions is required. These materials display

excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. In particular, they are used in the

hottest sections of aeroengines such as turbine blades and vanes. Operating at temperatures close

to 1100°C, under the centrifugal acceleration of about (100000 g).

http://www.fstg-marrakech.ac.ma/contact.php#_blank


52

These remarquable proproperties of Ni-base superalloys are controlled by their specific

microstructure which consists of a cuboidal γ' phase (L12) précipited in a γ matrix (FCC solid

solution). Hence the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of formation and

evolution of the shape, size, and mutual arrangement of different phases.

The aim of this work is to investigate the creep behavior at 1050°C under 150MPa of <001>

oriented MC2 superalloy by means of SEM and TEM observations. The -‘ rafting process

occurs rapidly and appears to be correlated with the establishment of a pseudo-stationary creep

stage. In the rafted structure, the -‘ interfaces are not perfectly flat, they are undulated around

(001) plane. The angular deviation of the interface according to this plane can reach 50°. The

dislocation arrangement and the network stability vary with the local orientation of the -‘

interfaces. The regular and stable networks are seen in the (001) interfaces. Detailed analysis of

dislocation networks in these (001) interfaces shows that they are constituted by an association of

hexagonal and square cells of a/2 <110> dislocations. The square part is unstable and gives rise to

the systematic creation of a<001> dislocations included in the misfit dislocation network. The

role of interfacial dislocation networks in creep is analysed by taking into account the waviness of

the interface.

To study the morphological evolution of ‘ précipitate w use the phase field methode. The

phase-field approach has emerged as a method of choice for modeling morphological

transformations in materials. The phase-field method uses a set of continuous variables (fields) to

describe the material locally, It is based on a Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional obtained by

a phenomenological approach. The temporal evolution of the fields is governed by differential

equations that depend on the considered problem.

In the coherent γ-γ' phase transformation, the lattice planes are continuous across the

interfaces. Therefore the lattice mismatch between γ and γ' phases induces an elastic strain field in

the microstructure, origin of morphological transformations in the microstructure of superalloys.

Introducing the elastic energy in the phase-field model allows us to successfully reproduce

several experimental results for Ni-base superalloys. We show that elastic anisotropy and lattice

mismatch play important roles in the microstructural evolution. Special focus is given to the

effect of elastic inhomogeneity on the microstructure, with a study of diferrent combinations

between γ and γ' elastic constants, which allowed us to highlight the major influence of the shear

modulus C' on the shapes and spatial arrangements of the precipitates.


A MULTI-BAND PIFA ANTENNA FOR GPS

L1/GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS/LTE2300/Wi-Fi APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE

PHONE Raefat Jalila El Bakouchi*

1, Ahmed Zakaria Manouare

1 and Abdelilah Ghammaz

1

1Laboratory of Electrical Systems and Telecommunications, Faculty of Sciences and

Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkarim Elkhattabi, Marrakesh 40000,

P.O.BOX 549, Morocco.


In this paper, a low-profile multi-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) designed to cover the

bands of GPS L1 (1,565-1,585 GHz), GSM1800 (1710–1880 MHz), GSM1900 (1850-1990

MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), LTE2300 (2305-2400 MHz), Wi-Fi/Bluetooth (2400-2484


53

MHz) is presented. The antenna consists of a folded patch etched over an FR4 substrate (of 0.7

mm thickness) to maintain the small size. The antenna element has an area of 420 mm² over a

small ground plane of size 10060 mm², with a high of 5.1 mm. What making it suitable to be

fabricated at low coast and is attractive for slim smart mobile phones. The proposed antenna is

characterized with reflection S-parameter, surface current distributions, and radiation patterns.


DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ON THE BULK

PHOTOABSORBER SEMI CONDUCTOR Cu2SnS3

L. Essaleh

(a*), M. Belaqziz

(b), S. Lahlali

(b), A. Bourial

(b), A. Alimoussa

(a), Z. Abkhar

(c), K.

Djessas(d) and H. Chehouani(b)

aLaboratory of Condensed Matter and Nanostructures (LMCN), Cadi-Ayyad University. Faculty

of Sciences and Technology, Departement of Applied Physics, Marrakech, Morocco.

b Laboratoire Procédés, Métrologie, Matériaux pour l’Energie et Environnement (LP2M2E),

Cadi-Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Departement of Applied Physics,

Marrakech Morocco.

c Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, FSTG, Marrakech, Maroc.

d Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Énergie Solaire (PROMES-CNRS), Université de

Perpignan, Rambla de la thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan Cedex, France


Electrical conduction mechanism was investigated for the bulk ternary semiconductor compound

Cu2SnS3 that is prepared by the hydrothermal technique. The complex impedance spectroscopy

in the frequency range 100 Hz–1 MHz and temperature range 300 K–475 K is used to study the

electrical properties and analyze the contributions of the grain and grain boundaries of this

material. The activation energy for conduction mechanism is estimated from the analysis of the

temperature dependence of the DC conductivity. The AC conductivity is studied using the

following equation: 𝜎𝑎𝑐 𝜔 = 𝜎𝑑𝑐 + 𝐴𝜔𝑠[1]. The temperature dependence of the power law

exponent s suggests that AC conduction is attributed to the correlated barrier hopping (CBH)

model [2]. Activation energies for relaxation mechanisms for the grain and grain boundaries

contributions are obtained from the analysis of the temperature dependence of the relaxation

times. It is found that the relaxation activation energies are lower than those of the conduction

mechanism. Finally, Nyquist representation is considered to establish the equivalent circuit for

this material.

Keywords: Electrical Conductivity; Copper Ternary compounds; Impedance Spectroscopy.

[1] Jonscher K. London: Chelsea Dielectric Press;1983.

[2] Elliott SR, Adv Phys., 36(1987)135.



54

PP-1

MAKING OF POLYMER/SELF-ASSEMBLED SYSTEM HYBRID MATERIALS

Said Elhasri


We have developed the making and characterization of new molecular architectures consisting of

covalent polymers and functional fibrillar organogels [1].

As a rule, these organogels cannot be processed into materials on account of their poor

mechanical properties as their fibrillar structure is chiefly obtained at rather low concentrations.

The use of a covalent polymer matrix can be an appropriate choice for retaining the original

organogel fibrillar structure while allowing a better tractability of the system. The originality of

our approach consists in using thermoreversible gels of covalent polymers together with physical

processes for achieving the fine, mesoscopic dispersion of the organogels into the polymer

network. This is made possible because these covalent polymer gels also possess a similar

fibrillar morphology, particularly an average mesh size in the micrometer range. While these

novel molecular architectures may be relevant for applications in functional materials the primary

goal of these investigations is to establish a proof of concept.

Two systems have been considered: intermingled gels where the organogel grows within the

polymer gel with little perturbation; and “sheathed” fibrils where nanotubes encapsulate

polymer gel fibrils.

Figure 1 : Sketch of the two types of hybrid systems

The feasibility of intermingled gels has been investigated as a function of polymer, organogel

concentration and temperature, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy,

and AFM [2]. The organogel was made up from π-conjugated oligo (phenylene vinylene) (OPV)

while the polymer gel was prepared from isotactic polystyrene (iPS) or syndiotactic polystyrene

(sPS). OPV organogels change colour at the SOL-GEL transition (yellow to green).

We have observed that a mesoscopic dispersion of one gel into another could be achieved [1]

provided the mesh size of either gel is in the micrometer range (see Figure 2).

For smaller mesh size, microscopic phase separation occurs. These results were confirmed by

SAXS and SANS. Basically, we can keep the organogel concentration rather low (0.004 g/cm3),

and so retaining the optical property while increasing dramatically the elastic modulus of the

ternary gel. This process is totally reversible as the organogel can be melted and then reformed by

cooling without altering the polymer gel structure.


55

èè

Figure 2: AFM image of an intermingled gel [1]. Organogel= large cross-section fibrils,

polymer gel= small cross-section fibrils.

The fact that the organogel structure depends highly on the end groups of the OPV molecules and

the solvent type opens up new horizons for the making of taylor-made materials [3,4].

[1] J.-M. GuenetNouveaux types de matériaux hybrides : polymère/système auto-

assembléMatériaux et Techniques 2011 98, 329

[2] D. Dasgupta, S. Srinivasan, C. Rochas, A. Ajayaghosh, J. M. Guenet Hybrid thermoreversible

gels from covalent polymers and organogels -Langmuir 2009 25 8593

[3] D. Dasgupta, S. Srinivasan, C. Rochas, A. Thierry, A. Schröder, A. Ajayaghosh, J. M. Guenet

Insight into the gelation habit of oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) derivatives : effect of end-

groupsSoft Matter, 2011, 7, 2797

[4] D. Dasgupta, S. Srinivasan, C. Rochas, A. Ajayaghosh, J.M. GuenetSolvent-mediatedfiber

growth in organogelsSoft Matter 2011, 7,9311


56

PP-2

ELECTRlCAL CONDUCTION BY VARIABLE RANGE HOPPING

MECHANISM AND MAGNETORESISTANCE IN THE COPPER TERNARY

CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTOR CuIn3Se5

L. Essaleh*(a)

, S. M. Wasim(b)

, G. Marín(c)

, S. Lahlali (d)

, A. Bourial(d)

, K. Djessas(e )

and H.

Chehouani (d)

a Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Nanostructures ( L.M.C.N.),Université Cadi-Ayyad,

Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Physique, Guéliz, B. P. 549, Marrakech, b Centro de Estudios de Semiconductores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes,

Mérida 5101, Venezuela c Laboratorio de Estructura e Ingeniería de Materiales Nanoestructurados (LEIMN), Centro de

Investigación y Tecnología de Materiales (CITeMa), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones

Científicas (IVIC), Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. dLaboratoire Procédés, Métrologie, Matériaux pour l’Energie et Environnement (LP2M2E), Cadi-

Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Departement of Applied Physics, Marrakech

Morocco. e Laboratoire Procédés, Matériaux et Énergie Solaire (PROMES-CNRS), Université de

Perpignan, Rambla de la thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100 Perpignan Cedex, France


In this work, we present an analysis of the effect of the temperature and magnetic field on

electrical resistivity in the ordered defect compound CuIn3Se5; an important material for

photovoltaic applications [1]. A pulsed magnetic field up to 27 tesla and low temperatures up to 4

K are considered to study the behavior of the magnetoresistance in this material. We found that

variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism of Mott type [2] is identified in two temperatures

regions between 10K and 20 K, and between 34K and 65K where the electrical resistivity follows

the relation4/1)/exp( TToo . The magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance

agrees with the theory of Efros-Shklovskii [3] in disordered systems. However, we found some

disagreement with this theory especially at very low temperatures that needs to be investigated.

Keywords: Semiconductors; Electrical properties; Transport properties.

[1] Chaehwan Jeong, Jin Hyeok Kim, Thin Solid Films, 550 (2014) 660.

[2] N. Mott, E. A. Davies, Electron Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, Clarendon, Oxford,

1979.

[3] B. I. Shklovskii, A. L. Efros, Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors, Springer,

Berlin, 1984.


57

PP-3

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A PCM WALL IN BUILDING APPLICATION

Abdelouhab Labihi, Hassan Chehouani*

LP2M2E Laboratory of Processes, Metrology and Materials for Energy and Environment,

University Cadi Ayyad, FSTG, Department of Applied Physics, Marrakech, Morocco.

* Corresponding author [email protected]

The use of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) by incorporation of a Phase Change Material (PCM) in

the building is currently in full expansion. PCMs have demonstrated their aptitude to keep the

temperature nearly constant by compensating heat losses or absorbing heat gains by solidification

or melting process respectively. The idea is to increase the thermal inertia of the building which

will have the effect of significantly reducing the effect of diurnal external temperatures. To

highlight the role of the PCM in the building thermal behavior, it would be simpler to consider

the case of a cavity with PCM side and examine heat transfer-mechanisms within it. To do this,

most works are interested only in the layer of PCM and use normal correlations for the heat

transfer coefficient to reflect the coupling between the PCM and the air in the enclosure.

In this work, we present a numerical and experimental study of a square enclosure with one vertical

PCM wall whereas the other one kept at ambient temperature. Initially,the PCM is melted and the

coupled flow and heat transfer are in steady state natural convection inside the closed cavity with

differentially heated vertical walls. The solidification of the PCM releases latent heat compensating

the heat loss through the cold wall. A transient, two-dimensional numerical model has been

developed to study the coupled heat transfer in the PCM and air inside the enclosure (Figure 1).

Experiments have been conducted in a cubic cavity of side 10 cm. Two opposite vertical side walls

of the cavity are in contact with respectively a 10cmx10cmx10cm PCM sheet and a kept cold

aluminum plate. The other walls of the cavity are constituted by flat polystyrene sheets sufficiently

thick to reduce heat loss. The Paraffin is used as PCM since it has the particularity to change phase

at moderate temperature and thus store a large amount of energy. The temperature profiles in

unsteadiness were measured at the centers of the cavity and PCM compartment.

The results show the effect of the PCM on the time wise variations of the gas average temperature

(Figure 2). The comparison with the case without latent heat shows that the heat retention in the

cavity has been significantly enhanced by the presence of a PCM wall. The difference between

the experience and the simulation results is explained and corrections to the numerical model are

proposed.

Figure 1: Physical Model. Figure 2: Average temperature in the cavity.

Keywords: Energy Management; Phase Change Material; Natural Convection; Solidification

Phase Front; Active Wall; Heat Storage.


58

PP-4

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS BASED ON

RANDOM SAMPLING FOR SOFTWARE RADIO AND COGNITIVE RADIO

SYSTEMS

H. Semlali1, A. Maali

1, N. Boumaaz

1, A. Soulmani

1,A. Ghammaz

1 and J-F. Diouris

2

1Laboratory of Electrical Systems and Telecommunications, Faculty of Sciences and

Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkarim Elkhattabi, Marrakesh 40000,

Morocco. 2Electronics and Telecommunications Institute of Rennes (IETR – UMR 6164), Polytechnic

School of the University of Nantes, France.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Our contribution enter into the telecommunications framework, it is the result of a cross

between tree recent fields: Software Radio, Cognitive Radio and Random Sampling. The software

radio concept has emerged with the idea to allowing the realization of multi-mode and multi-

standard equipments. The ultimate evolutionof software radiois the cognitive radio, whose

objective is to allowthe equipmentto choosethe best conditions forcommunicationsto satisfy the

user needs. In this work, we are interested inthe application ofrandom samplinginsoftware radio

andcognitive radio architectures in order tooptimize them. The development of systems operating

with random sampling makes it possible to overcome the aliasing constraint imposed in the

uniform sampling case. Therefore, the constraintson the various elementsofthe transmission

systemwill be reduced.


59

Symposium 6: Mathematics


60


61


PRESENTATION EQUIP GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

Mohamed Boucetta*


This is a short presentation of the research entity Equip Geometry, Topology and Applications.

The equip is composed by three mathematicians: Abdelhak Abouqateb, Mohamed Boucetta and

Aziz Ikemakhen. The main topics studied by its members are differential geometry, pseudo-

Riemannian geometry, symplectic and Poisson geometry, Lie groups and Lie algebras. M.

Boucetta and A. Ikemakhen are also interested in some applications of differential geometry

namely, Computer Aided Geometric Design. The members of the equip are very involved in the

promotion of differential geometry and the formation of young mathematicians. They have

supervised three Ph.D students who graduated and three others are preparing their Ph.D grade.

The Master formation titled "Geometry, geometric design and optimization of forms" mounted by

the equip started in 2014 . It constitutes an ideal framefor giving a solid formation in differential

geometry and its applications tostudents in order to prepare them for a Ph.D grade. The equip has

organized three research schools sponsored by the international center of pureand applied

mathematics CIMPA. It has also organized many conferencesand workshops in collaboration

with mathematicians from Algeria, Tunisia,France and Spain.


SHARP ESTIMATES FOR CLOSED ORBIT OF MOTZKIN SHIFTS

Mohd Salmi Md Noorani* and Fahad Alsharari

School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


In this talk, we provide some sharp estimates for the number of closed orbits for the class infinite

type shifts known as Motzkin shift. These estimates are obtained via elementary means and are

motivated by results in classical number theory. Some open problems are suggested at the end of

the talk.



62


TENNIS COURT MAPPING AND TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR

ROBOTIC OBJECT RETRIEVAL

Nasharuddin Zainal*, Edgar Scavino and Eng Sheh Ling

4School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


This paper presents a real-time tennis ball retrieval system, using computer vision and a blind

LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robot. Our system tackles the tennis ball retrieval issue of lacking

ball boys, during professional or amateur matches. This system is able to identify the location of a

tennis ball in the whole tennis court, to drive a robot along a fast trajectory while avoiding

collisions with players. Semantic information on the court is captured using a webcam, which is

located randomly near the external border of the tennis court with a flexible height. The image is

then processed using a mapping algorithm to correlate pixels in the image and points on the actual

tennis court. The camera location is evaluated by comparing the lines of the tennis court in reality

and in the image. Feature extraction and computer vision techniques are used to detect the tennis

ball and the player, which are found with margins of 9cm and 45cm respectively. To optimize the

ball retrieval process, a genetic algorithm is applied to define the optimal trajectory with fulfilling

multiple objectives for the robot to travel, arrive and retrieve a tennis ball. MATLAB is used to

process the image extraction and processing, mapping algorithm, and the trajectory optimization

on the image of the tennis court.

Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Computer Vision, Tennis Court Mapping Algorithm,

Trajectory Optimization


ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSION FOR NUMERICAL METHODS M. Kzaz*

University Cadi-Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences and Technologys, Departement of Mathematics,

B.P. 517 Marrakech, Morocco


in several scientific areas, the solution S of a given problem, appears as a limit of a sequence

(Sn)n; where (Sn)n represents the sequence of approximants of the solution S; by a given

numerical method.

Often, the convergence of these numerical methods is slow, making the low accuracy. To make

theses methods more accurate, we look for another sequence (Tn)n which converges to the

solution S of the problem, but better than (Sn)n in the meaning:




63

Often, Tn = T(Sn; Sn+1) is given as a simple convex combination of Sn; Sn+1 and the

morepopular transformations T; are the Richardson transformation, the E-algorithm and the _-

Aitken.

For more on these transformations, see [1; 7] :

To be able to .nd appropriate transformation T; we have to know or to establish an

asymptoticexpansion of the error of the used numerical method, that is to be able to write S Sn

under theform

Where the ai are not necessarily known and the (gi(n))i are known and verifie

:

Our theme is to .nd .rtsly asymptotic expansion for the error S-Sn; and then, to applyappropriate

extrapolation methods to the sequence (Sn)n: Different numerical methods were studied by

authors:quadratures formulaes (in dimension 1 or more): gaussian rules, trapezoidal rules,...

Integral equations

Equation with partiel Derivatives (Laplace equation, the wave equation,....)

Entire series and trigonometric series

For information, we established for Laplace equation in rectangular and in a disk, a

transformationwhich gives us more than 40 exact digits than the initial numerical method. (See

[2,3]). For entire series and trigonometric series, our transformation gives us more than 400 exact

digitsthan the initial method!!. See [4].

We obtain the same accuracy for multiple numerical series!!. See [5].

References

[1] C. Brezinski and M. Redivo Zaglia, Extrapolation Methods. Theory and Practice, North-

Holland,Amsterdam, 1991

[2] M. Issaoui, M. Kzaz, Asymptotic expansion for Dirichlet Laplace.s Equation, preprint

[3] M. Issaoui, M. Kzaz, Asymptotic expansion for Newmann Laplace.s Equation, preprint

[4] M. Kzaz, A highly Accurate.s Summation Formulaes For Entire and Trigonometric Series,

submitted

[5] M. Kzaz, A highly Accurate.s Summation Formulaes For Double Numerical Series, submitted

[6] W. Mclean, Asymptotic error expansions for numerical solutions of integral equations,

IMAJ.Numerical.Anal.9(1989) p.368-384

[7] A. Sidi, Pratical Extrapolation Methods: Theory and Applications, Number 10 in Cambridge

Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics. Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge,2003. MR1994507 (2004e:65005)2


64


FROM ACTUARIAL SCIENCES TO MATHEMATICAL FINANCE: AN

EXAMPLE

M'hamed Eddahbi*

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Department of Mathematics, B.P.

549, Marrakech, Morocco


The main goal of this talk is to show how actuarial sciences can adopt the techniques of

quantitative finance to solve some problems related to insurance premiums. We shall start with an

example of insurance claim pricing technique to cover expected loss plus the cost of running an

insurance business. If a major event occurs the insurance company would need more cash to

cover large losses. One solution to manage this risk is to use reinsurance techniques. Indeed if at

time T the total value denoted ST of all claims exceeds a certain level K, the reinsurer pays the

insurer ST — K whenever ST is larger than K, otherwise the reinsurer pays nothing. This is the

payoff_ of a call option described by max(ST — K; 0) where the risky asset corresponds to the

total claims and the strike price K corresponds to the level where the reinsurance company kicks

in. Hence, there is a need to price this payoff. At this stage one can use quantitative methods to

price this type of financial instrument.

We shall discuss some mathematical models namely the discrete time model of Cox, Ross and

Rubinstein and the classical Black-Scholes model for the continuous time setting.

PP-1

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRODEPOSITION MODEL

NICKEL-IRON ALLOY ONTO A ROTATING DISKELECTRODE

NourEddine Alaa*


Laboratoire LAMAI,Faculté des Sciences et Téchnique Université Cadi Ayyad

To better understand the nickel-iron electrodeposition process, we are interested in the one-

dimensional model. This model addresses dissociation, diffusion, electromigration, convection

and deposition of multiple ion species. We study the global existence of solutions that are here

different ion concentrations in the mixture as well as the electric potential.

The non regularity of data imposes us to introduce the notion of weak solution adapted for our

model. The classic techniques, based on the C estimations, to prove the existence and the

positivity of solutions fall in defect and news techniques must be developed. We present them

here and we obtain global existence and positivity of weak solution for our model without no

restriction of growth on the nonlinear terms.


65

PP-2

LA MOBILITE RESIDENTIELLE, LE REVENU ET DE DISTINCTION :

COMMENT LUTTER CONTRE LA SEGREGATION SOCIALE ?

Ahmed LAATABI

Doctorant - DEC Sciences de l'Ingénieur

Université Cadi Ayyad

Les êtres humains sont perpétuellement à la recherche pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie. Ils

répondent à ce besoin en général en se déplaçant d'un quartier résidentiel à l'autre, grâce à de

nombreuses raisons sociales, économiques et environnementales. Cette dynamique urbaine

contribue largement à la structuration et la réorganisation de la ville, socialement et spatialement.

Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation multi-agents sous plateforme GAMA, du

phénomène de la mobilité résidentielle dans une zone géographique donnée. Grâce à des

simulations, nous étudions et analysons l'effet de deux facteurs principaux, à savoir le revenu

économique et le sens de la distinction, de l'intensité de la ségrégation sociale.


66

Symposium 7: Polymers and polymers based

composites


67


68

OP-7-1 Thursday, February 11, 2016, Afternoon from 14:00 to 14:20

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS BY MEAN OF METAL COMPLEXES AS

INITIATORS

Mohammed Lahcini*

Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et Macromoléculaire-Matériaux Composites

(LCO2MC), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Av. Abdelkrim

Khattabi BP 549.Marrakech, 40000 Marrakech, Moroco.


Polylactides (PLA) have many potential medical, agricultiral, and packaging applications due to

their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The most efficient way of preparing of polylactides is

the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the lactide. Initiators for lactide polymerization are

typically based on alkoxide or alkanoate complexes of metals such as Al, Mg, Zn and Sn. For the

applications of plylactides in biomedicals networks, it is desirable for the polymer to be non-

toxic, biocompatible and resorbable. Tin(II) catalysts such as Sn(ethylhexanoate)2 are generally

preferred in the commercial production of polylactides for medical or pharmaceutical applications

owing to the low toxicity of Sn(II) alkoxide compared to other metal. The tin(IV)- alkoxide or -

alkynyle complexes and Bismuth(III) complexes are more reactive then Sn(II) and there

hydrolyse lead tin-oxide and Bi-oxide non toxic compound, here we reports the use of the tin(IV)-

tetraalkoxide and tetraalkynyle and Bismuth(III) complexes as catalyst for the ring-opening

polymerization of lactide.

Acknowledgements

The study has been carried out with financial support from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

and from Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology of Morocco/CSIC "Project AH11STC-

nano 2011-2012"


POLYURETHANES CONTAINING POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL),

POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL), POLYLACTIDE AND

POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE SEGMENTS

Farah Hannan Anuar*, Tan Ching Haw, Siti Munirah Manap, Ain Athirah Zainuddin,

Azizan Ahmad


Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM 43600, Selangor DE, Malaysia


Block copolymers have attracted many researchers since the development of the first living

polymer syntheses 50 years ago. Polyurethanes are commonly one of the block copolymers.

Polyurethanes that contains poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) are


69

interesting since the hydrophilic properties of PEG and PPG can enhance the degradation.

Furthermore, PEG and PPG has good biocompatibility. The great interest in

polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been due to its high flexibility, high heat resistance,

biocompatibility, very low glass transition and crystallization transition temperatures and low

surface energy and solubility parameters. However, PDMS normally have low mechanical

strength at room temperature unless they are reinforced and vulcanized. Polylactide (PLA) is a

biodegradable thermoplastic polymer and it is usually produced from renewable resources. PLA,

PDMS, PEG and PPG have many applications in various fields. For example, in biological

applications, PDMS was modified with PEG to create protein and cell adsorption resistance and

they showed resistance to non-specific adsorption of several proteins and E. coli. In solid polymer

electrolyte system, a multiblock copolymer of poly(D,L-lactide)-PEG (PDLLA-PEG) was used as

the host polymer together with lithium iodide. This study describes the preparation of copolymers

containing PLA, PDMS, PEG and PPG segments and their potential applications as polymer

hosts in solid polymer electrolyte and antifouling polymers. The polymer electrolytes were

prepared using one pot method followed by solution casting.


LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS FROM PERRENIAL PLANTS AND

COMMERCIAL FIBERS

Hind El Omari1,2,3*

, Ahmed Belfkira1, François Brouillette

2, Gilbert Lebrun

3

1Macromolecular andBiorganique Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Morocco 2Lignocellulosic Materials Research Center, Québec University at Trois-Rivières, Canada

3Mechanics and ecomaterialsLaboratory ,Québec University at Trois-Rivières, Canada.


To face the challenge of deforestation, the industrial and scientific communities have been

looking for alternate fiber sources and cleaner technologies. [1]

In the last years, the production of

pulp, paper, board, cellulose and derived products from non-ligneous material sources such as

annual or perennial plants have received more attention. [2]

Presently, in developing countries,

about 60% of cellulosic fibers come from non-ligneous plants: bagasse, straw, alfa, flax, sisal etc. [3]

Compared to wood pulps, plant fibers have a lower yield (lower than 45%) and higher fine

contents (over 50%) and an average weighed length lower than 1. Therefore, annual plant fibers

can be used with other pulps containing a less important fines fraction in order to modulate

certain properties of the sheet. [4,5]

In this study, we have evaluated the paper properties of some perennial plants commonly

found in Morocco and two commercial pulps. The paper handsheets from different fibers were

performed according to Tappi T205-95 method. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of

different sheets were studied. Indeed, characterizations of different pulp and handsheet were

performed according to Canadian standards of paper industry. Furthermore, the dielectric

properties of paper loaded by ferroelectric ceramic nanoparticules (BaTiO3 and SrTiO3)

wereinvestigated. The addition of retention agent, cation polyacrylamide, was necessary for


70

particles retention in the fibrous network and improvement of dispersion of particles. Results

show that there is a strong interdependence between mechanical behavior, dielectric properties,

surface finish, porosity, percentage of fines, shape, conformability and sheet formation.Moreover,

fibers from perennial plants and commercial flax fibers were used as reinforcement for epoxy

composites. The different composites were carried out by hand lay-up method. Besides, the

tensile tests were performed according to ASTM D3039 standard method and a comparative

study between the different types of composites was developed. It was found that the mechanical

properties of the composites are governed by a good wettability to the resin and a good interfacial

adhesion fiber/resin.

References

1. Lopez F, Diaz MJ, Eugenio ME, Ariza J, Rodriguez A, Jimenez L (2003). BioresourTechnol

87: 255-261

2. Ye D, Montane D, Farriol X (2005). CarbohydrPolyer 62: 258-266

3. P. Bajpai (2012), Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, (p. 7-14). Springer Science

and Business Media, LLC

4. Sirviö J, Nurminen I (2004). Pulp Pap Can 105: 193-196

5. I'Anson SJ, Sampson WW, Sevajee CR (2007). New perspectives on the influence of

formation and grammage on sheet strength. PAPTAC Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada


EFFECT OF MODIFICATION ON NANOCELLULOSE AEROGEL FOR CO2

Rizafizah Othaman1,2*

, Nurul Hanisah Mohd1, Azwan Mat Lazim

1,2, Ishak Ahmad, Mohd.

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600

UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Modification of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for CO2 absorption is gaining much attention

recently due to its benefits have a high aspect ratio, high strength, biodegradability and high

number of hydroxyl group which offering great opportunities for modification. These high aspect

ratio particles have potential applications as rheological modifiers, reinforcing agents in

composites, coating and porous materials. The interaction of grafted NCC with 3-(2-

aminoethylamino) propyl-dimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPDMS) has been studied. Amine

functional groups are well-known have a high affinity to capture CO2 gas due to the basicity

contributed by nitrogen groups. Modification of NCC with 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl

dimethoxymethylsilane (AEAPDMS) was carried out in water/ethanol solvent (80/20) w/w %

with a ratio of NCC to aminosilane (1:1), (1:2), (1:3), (1:4) and (1:5). The effect of the treatment

NCC with aminosilane was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,

Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis

while surface area and pore size was measured by Nitrogen adsorption, respectively. Capacity of

CO2 capture of all amine modified NCC were measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)

analyser showed the amount CO2 adsorbed increased after modification. The presence of

aminosilane was confirmed by NH2 bending around 1600 cm-1 and Si-CH3 approximately 1258


71

cm-1 which exist only in AEAPDMS using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Themogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that thermal stability of NCC increased after

aminosilane grafting. Crystallite size decreased due to interaction of aminosilane with NCC as

exhibited by XRD analysis. Elemental analysis showed the increase in amount of amine groupo

nto the adsorbent after modification.

Keywords: Nanocrystalline cellulose. Surface modification.AEAPDMS.Aminosilane

grafting.CO2 capture.

Acknowledgement

The author would like to acknowledge Uemiya Laboratory, Gifu University especially Professor

Dr. Shigeyuki Uemiya for two months attachment in the laboratory and Gifu University for the

chance given as exchange student.

References

[1] Bendahou, A., Hajlane, A., Dufresne, A., Boufi, S. & Kaddami, H. 2014. Esterification and

amidation for grafting long aliphatic chains on to cellulose nanocrystals: a comparative study.

Research on Chemical Intermediates 1-18.

[2] Eyley, S. & Thielemans, W. 2014. Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals.

Nanoscale 6(14): 7764-7779.

[3] Wang, N., Ding, E. & Cheng, R. 2007. Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals.

Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China 1(3): 228-232.

[4] Yang, X. & Cranston, E. D. 2014. Chemically Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanocrystal

Aerogels with Shape Recovery and Superabsorbent Properties. Chemistry of Materials 26 (20):

6016-6025.

[5] Kalia, S., Boufi, S., Celli, A. & Kango, S. 2014. Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface

modification and potential applications. Colloid and Polymer Science 292 (1): 5-31.

[6] Salon, M.-C. B., Gerbaud, G., Abdelmouleh, M., Bruzzese, C., Boufi, S. & Belgacem, M. N.

2007. Studies of interactions between silane coupling agents and cellulose fibers with liquid and

solid-state NMR. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 45(6): 473-483.


72


ELABORATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW NANOCOMPOSITES

BASED ON CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS AND COPOLYMERS CONTAINING

FLUORINATED AND NITRILE DERIVATIVES

A. Kadimi,

a,b*, H. Kaddami

a,, M. Raihane

a, Z. Ounaies

b ,

aLaboratory of Organometallic and Macromoleculaire Chemistry- Composite Materials, Faculty

of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi ayyad University, Avenue AbdelkrimElkhattabi, Marrakech,

Morocco

bPennsylvania state University- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering 157B

Hammond Builiding . Universiy, Park, PA 16802-1412, U.S.A


The concept of reinforced polymer materials with nanocellulose (CNC: cellulose nanocristals or

NFC: nanofibrils of cellulose) has known rapid advances and considerable interest owing to their

renewable character, high mechanical properties low density, availability and diversity of the

sources. Numerous research studies have shown that the addition of nanocellulose to a polymer

matrix leads to an enhancement in mechanical and dielectric properties. The association of

nanocellulose and a polymeric matrix enabled production of new nanocomposites with original

properties. Few papers have been published on the dielectric properties of NFC-based

nanocomposites. Recently, Ladhar et al1-4

have studied the dielectric relaxation of

nanocomposites based on nanocellulose-filled rubber and showed how the nanocellulose

characteristics influence electrical propertie of their nanocomposites.

This paper aims to study dielectric properties of new nanocomposites based on cellulose

nanofibrils (NFCs) extracted from the rachis of date palm three by TEMPO mediated oxidation

and copolymers of controlled properties containing fluorinated and nitrile derivatives. In the first

step copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN) and 2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (MATRIF) with

different proportions were synthesized by emulsion polymerization, the corresponding synthesis

yield is between 58% et 60%. The homopolymer poly (MATRIF) and poly (AN) were also

prepared to be used as reference materials, the synthesis yieldsare 60% and 68%,

respectively.These copolymers exhibit glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the range of 75–79°C.

The electrical properties of the films of these polymers were characterized over a frequency range

from 20 to 106 Hz, and in a temperature range from 20 to 120°C. The results showed that the

dielectric permittivity improve with increasing the percentage of acrylonitrile in copolymers from

0% to 75%. We observe also an improvement of dielectric breakdown (Eb), this increase can be

explain by the introduction of comonomer containing halogen into polymers that suppresses the

electron acceleration leading to an increasein Eb, but the existence of high halogen content (75%

of MATRIF) generates some kind of defects causing a decrease in dielectric breakdown5. The

second step is devoted to the preparation of Nanocomposite using copolymers fluorocyane as

matrix and NFCs as reinforcement. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis results showed no

effect on Tg for nanocompositesas compared to pure copolymers. However, the incorporation of

3wt% of NFCs improves significantly the dielectric constant compared to the pure matrix. This

increase can arise from the good interactions between NFCs and copolymers, we found that

dielectric breakdown decrease with the addition of NFCs and also with increasing the weight

percentage of NFCs.


73

KEYWORDS: Nanocomposites, Cellulose nanofibrils, Dielectric properties, Copolymers

cyanofluore.

Reference

A. Ladhar, M. Arous , H. Kaddami, M. Raihane, M. Lahcini, A. Kallel,M.P.F. Graca, and L.C.

Costa. J. Non-Crystalline Solids.378, 39-44 (2013).

A .Ladhar , M. Arous , H. Kaddami , M. Raihane , A. Kallel , M. P. F. Graça , L. C. Costa.

Journal of Molecular Liquid. 196, 2014, pp. 187-191.

Alaa Ladhar; Mourad Arous; Hamid Kaddami; Mustapha Raihane; Ali Kallel; Manuel Pedro

Fernando Graça; Luis Cadillon Costa. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 211, 5048, pp. 792-802.

A. Ladhar, M. Arous, H. Kaddami, M. Raihane, A. Kallel, M.P.F. Graça, L.C. Costa . Journal of

Molecular Liquids, Volume 209, September 2015, Pages 272-279.

M.Leda, M. Nagao, M.Hikita (1994) IEEE, Vol 1No. 5: 934-945

Acknowledgments: The authors thank for their financial supports the Hassan II Academy of

Science and Technology, and the International Institute for Multifunctional Materials for Energy

Conversion – IIMEC (Texas, USA).


FLUORINATED METHACRYLATE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES CAOTING

PREPARED BY IN SITU RADICAL POLYMERIZATION: STRUCTURE AND

CHARACTERIZATION

M. Raihane, a)* M. Karamane, a) Y. Yagçi, b) M. Lahcini a), M. Ilsouk a) , A. Hultc)

a) Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry- Composites Materials,

Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University. BP 549 Marrakech (Morocco)

b) Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Letters and Sciences, Department of Chemistry,

Maslak, TR- 34469 Istanbul (Turkey)

c) Fibre and Polymer Technology-KTH-Teknikringen56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden


In frame work of developing new fluorinated caoting, this study showed that nanocomposites

based on PMATRIF were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization at 70 °C using AIBN as

radical initiator in presence of a MMT modified with triphenylvinylbenzylphosphonium chloride

(Phos). Depending on the MMT-Phos loading (1, 3 or 5% by weight), nanocomposites of

partially exfoliated and intercalated structures were obtained as evidenced by X-ray diffraction.

These nanocomposites were also characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The nanoscale

dispersion of MMT-Phos was also evidenced by a moderate increase of the Tg of these

nanocomposites, by about 2-8 °C compared to their virgin PMATRIF and an improvement of

their thermal stability as evidenced by TGA. The thermal stability of PMATRIF/MMT-Phos

nanocomposites also increased with MMT-Phos loading. The Surface properties of PMATRIF/x

% MMT-Phos nanocomposites were studied by contact angle measurements with water (WCA).

The incorporation of fluorinated polymers (PMATRIF) into the galleries of the organomodified

MMT-Phos increases the hydrophobicity of the Na-MMT clay and improves also the surface

properties of obtained nanocomposites, and thus the development of new coating fluorinated

nanocomposites with clay. The authors thank the CNRST (Morocco)- TÜBITAK (Turkey)


74

program.The authors thank the financial supports to the Swedish Research Links Programme for

the framework ―International Research Grant‖ Sweden - MENA (Middle East and North of

Africa) (Ref: VR 2008-6002) between FST (Marrakech) and KTH (Stockholm).

PP-1

A GREEN ROUTE TO MODIFY REGNERATED CELLULOSE FIBERS BY

CELLULOSE NANO-CRYSTALS. PART I: EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS

A. Hajlanea,b

, H. Kaddamib, R.Joffe

a

a Composite Centre Sweden, LuleåUniversity of Technology, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden

bLaboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composite Materials, Faculty of

Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Abdelkrimelkhattabi B.P. 549, Marrakech,

Morocco.


This paper presents environmentally friendlier technique for deposition of cellulose nano-crystals

onto the surface of regenerated cellulose fibres using γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as

coupling agent. The result of this treatment is hierarchical reinforcement consisting of micro-

scale fibres and nano-scale cellulose crystal network as shown in figure 1 below. In order to

evaluate influence of treatment on fiber performance, tensile tests of fiber bundles were carried

out. The results show that there is significant impact on stiffness of fibers only by first

modification by silane whereas grafting of cellulose nano-crystals onto the surface of the fibre

allowed recovery of initial properties. Typical stress-strain curves from tensile tests of fiber

bundles (reference and after different treatments) are presented in the figure 2 below. It is

assumed that the treatment may have induced the misalignment of macromolecular chains and

crystalline cellulose phase with respect to the fibre axis. This assumption is supported by loading-

unloading test of the fibre bundle and by other results found in the literature. It is expected that

presented fiber treatment will improve fiber/matrix adhesion and increase resistance of fibers to

moisture. Consequently, obtained hierarchical reinforcement containing micro-/nanoscale

cellulose can be used to design structural bio-based composites with enhanced durability.

PP-2

EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE

FIBERS ON MOISTURE ABSORPTION AND FIBER/MATRIX ADHESION

Abdelghani Hajlane a,b

, Hamid Kaddami b and Roberts Joffe

a

a Composite Centre Sweden, LuleåUniversity of Technology, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden

bLaboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composite Materials, Faculty of

Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Abdelkrimelkhattabi B.P. 549, Marrakech,

Morocco.


Cellulosic fibers (flax, hemp, regenerated cellulose) possess decent mechanical properties and

they are gaining interest as an alternative to synthetic reinforcement (e.g. glass fibers). However,

their inherent polar and hydrophilic character and the sensitivity to moisture remain a challenge

and limit the use of these fibers as reinforcements for polymers. Therefore, surface modification


75

is a way to overcome the mentioned drawbacks of lignocellulosic fibers. This paper describes the

effect of surface modification of regenerated cellulose fibers (RCF) by chemical treatment and

deposition of cellulose nano-crystals (CNC) onto fibers. The effect of this modification on the

moisture absorption by fibers and interface properties with epoxy matrix has been studies. The

preliminary results show positive trends in reducing moisture uptake by fibers and improving

interfacial shear strength (IFSS), see Figure 1. CNC treatment at different concentrations of RCF

creates a network covering surface of fibers and interconnecting them. This resulted in rather

significant reduction of the moisture absorption compare to untreated fibers (8% vs 12%

respectively) and improving interfacial shear strength of RCF/epoxy system. The increase of the

IFSS measured from bundle pull-out test at 64% relative humidity has been observed. Thus, the

hierarchical structure created by grafting nano-crystals on micro-sized cellulose fibers resulted in

improvement of fiber/matrix adhesion by reducing water absorption.

PP-3

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NANOCOMPOSITES MATERIALS

REINFORCED WITH DIFFERENT CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS:

MORPHOLOGY, PHYSICAL AND INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES

K. Ben hamoua.b.c

, H Kaddamia, A Dufrsne

b, Albert Magnin

c

aLaboratory of Organometallic and Macromoleculaire Chemistry- Composite Materials, Faculty

of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi ayyad University, Avenue AbdelkrimElkhattabi, Marrakech,

Morocco bThe International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), Grenoble Institute

of Technology, CS10065, 8402 Saint Martin d’Heres, France ́cLaboratoire Rheologie et Proce ́ de ́ s , Grenoble-INP, UJF Grenoble 1, UMR CNRS 5520, BP

53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France ́


Currently, numerous efforts are focused on the use of materials from renewable resources as

reinforcement agents in nanocomposites. Among such materials readily available, cellulose

nanfibrillated (CNFs) have attracted great interest due to their renewability, biodegradability, and

spectacular mechanical properties.

The effect of oxidation time on the morphology and the rmomechanical properties of polyvinyl

acetate (PVAc) reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) was investigated. Two CNFs,

prepared by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1 oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidation of cellulose, were used

and are presenting different morphologies and surface properties. The NFC-5min is more than 1

µm long and presents low surface energy and NFC-2h is 300 nm long and presents high surface

energy[1](Benhamou, et al. 2014).Nanocomposites with various weight ratios of NFCs were

fabricated by casting and vacuum-drying method using MeOH as solvent. These nanocomposite

films exhibited high optical transparency and the MEB analyses have shown that the NFCs were

dispersed homogeniously in the PVAc polymer. On the other hand the tensile strengths, elastic

moduli are improved with increasing CNFs content. It appears that the size of the fibers has a

greater influence as fiber composites having the larger size has the best mechanical properties.

Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of the CNF/ PVAc films

increased significantly with CNF content above the glass-transition temperature of PVAc by the



76

formation of an interfibrillar network structure of CNFs in the PVAc matrix. However, the

thermal stability of both families of nanocomposites is lower compared to neat PVAc, based on

percolation theory, only the smaller fibers seem to accelerate slightly the decomposition process.

The outstanding and effectivepolymer reinforcement by CNFs results from their high aspect ratio,

high crystallinity, and nanodispersibility in the PVAc matrix.

[1] Benhamou, K., A. Dufresne, A. Magnin, G. Mortha, et H. Kaddami. «Control of Size and

Viscoelastic Properties of Nanofibrillated Cellulose.» Carbohydr. Polym 99 (2014): 74−83.

PP-4

IN SITU POLYCONDENSATION POLY(BUTYLENE SUCCINATE)/CLAY

BIONANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION

M. Ilsouk,1 M. Raihane,

1 M. Lahcini,

1 H. Kaddami,

1 R. M. Meri,

2 J. Zicans,

2 L. B. Cimdiņa,

3

1Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry-Composites Materials

(LCO2MC)-Cadi-Ayyad- University-Faculty of Sciences and Technologies-BP 549. 40000

Marrakech Morocco 2 Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga,

Latvia 3 Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3, LV-

1048Riga, Latvia

Silicate layered polymer nanocomposites have recently been the focus of both academic and

industrial attention. The most commonly used matrices for the elaboration of these polymer- clay

nanocomposites, we find the biodegradable polyesters that are based on renewable resources such

as poly(butylene succinate) PBS. This old polyester is one of the most promising polymers in the

family of synthetic biodegradable polyesters and can be processed in various potential

applications, but low molecular weight of PBS and lacks mechanical strength compared with

conventional plastics often limits the use of this polymer in some applications. These properties

can be improved to achieve compatibility with thermoplastic processing, manufacturing and end-

use requirements by the addition of small quantity of an environmentally nano-reinforcement.

The mineral clay (Beidellite) is abundant in Morocco and located at Taghazout near the Agadir

city. This purified clay extracted from raw mineral(or organo-modified clay) will be used as

support of the monomers being initiated the polymerization. This work aims the valuing of the

Moroccan clay as nanochage to prepare green nanocomposites with biodegradables aliphatic

polyesters (e.g. poly(butylene succinate)) by in situ polycondenastion of 1,4- Butandiol with

succinic anhydride in presence of catalyst based on Bismuth (BiCl3). The PBS/Organoclay

prepared was characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XDR), Scanning Electron Microscope

(SEM) and thermal properties (DSC and TGA).

Keys words: Poly(butylene Succinate), beidellite clay, in situ polycondensation, structure,

thermalproperties.

Acknowledgement: The authors thank the financial supports to Erasmus Mundus program

Technology (Morocco). and University Cadi Ayyad of Marrakech and also the Hassan II

Academy of Science and(Battuta project) financed by the European Commission between Riga

Technical University


77

Documents

« EmpoweringScience and Technology » 9-11 February …. Prof. Dr. Mohamad Yusof Maskat Mr Mahrou Khalid ... 50 OP-3-1- Rachid Hakkou: ... M.N. : The optimization and efficient isolation