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E NERGY S TAR ®. E NERGY S TAR Refrigerators and Freezers Richard H. Karney, US DOE July 18, 2001. Structure of Discussion. For each category, discuss Should there be an E NERGY S TAR specification? If so, at what level Categories Mid-size refrigerators Freezers Compacts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ENERGY STAR®
ENERGY STAR Refrigerators and FreezersRichard H. Karney, US DOE
July 18, 2001
Structure of Discussion
• For each category, discuss• Should there be an ENERGY STAR
specification?• If so, at what level
• Categories• Mid-size refrigerators• Freezers• Compacts• Manual and partial-auto defrost models
(refrigerator/freezers and freezers, all sizes)
History of the ENERGY STAR Refrigerator Specification
NAECA Standard
• Congress passed the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) in 1987
• NAECA set federal energy standards for products and allowed the Department of Energy to amend and set new energy standards
• NAECA set the maximum federal energy consumption for 18 different product classes of refrigerators
• The original NAECA level applied to models manufactured after January 1, 1990
• The standards were amended to be approximately 30% more restrictive for models manufactured after January 1, 1993
• The standards were amended again to be approximately another 30% more restrictive for models manufactured after July 1, 2001
NAECA Refrigerator Level
ENERGY STAR Specification
• The ENERGY STAR level was originally set at 20% below the NAECA standard in 1997
• ENERGY STAR covers product classes 3-7 (refrigerator-freezers with automatic defrost)
• On January 1, 2001 the ENERGY STAR level changed to 10% below the 2001 NAECA standard
• On January 1, 2004, the ENERGY STAR level will change to 15% below the 2001 NAECA standard
Refrigerator Categories
Product Class Current NAECA maximum energy use (kWh/year)
3. Top Mount Freezer without through the door ice
9.8 * AV + 276
4. Side Mount Freezer without through the door ice
4.91 * AV + 507.5
5. Bottom Mount Freezer without through the door ice
4.6 * AV + 459
6. Top Mount Freezer with through the door ice
10.2 * AV + 356
7. Side Mount Freezer with through the door ice
10.1 * AV + 406
AV = Adjusted Volume = Fresh Volume + 1.63 * Freezer Volume
ENERGY STAR Coverage
• Top freezer models must be at least 12.5 cubic feet in total interior volume to qualify
• Bottom freezer and side-by-side models must be at least 18.5 cubic feet in total interior volume to qualify
• The EPA has a specification covering commercial solid door refrigerators and freezers
Review of ENERGY STAR
Specification Setting
ENERGY STAR Purpose
• Preventing pollution through energy savings• Section 103 of the Clean Air Act as
amended in 1990 (EPA ENERGY STAR)• Promoting development and commercialization
of energy efficient appliances• Section 127 of the Energy Policy Act of
1992 (DOE ENERGY STAR)• Legislation directs agencies to establish
voluntary programs that promote products more efficient than minimum Federal or State codes
ENERGY STAR Fundamentals
• Voluntary• Reduces Energy Use• Prevents Pollution• Profitable for partners
National Energy Policy • Expand the ENERGY STAR program
beyond office buildings to include schools, retail buildings, health care facilities, lodging, restaurants, and homes
• Extend the ENERGY STAR program to additional products, appliances and services
• Strengthen public education programs relating to energy efficiency
R&D
Building Codes andStandards
Increasing Energy Efficiency (Metrics)
Num
ber o
f Uni
t Sal
esENERGY STAR
Theory of Specification Setting
Market Transformation
Specification Setting Criteria
• Energy Efficiency• product should be among the most efficient in its class
• Commercial Availability• must be readily available in the market, cannot rely on
proprietary technology owned by one manufacturer• Cost effectiveness of price premium
• if there is a premium, should be justified to the consumer based on cost savings or other benefits
• Performance• qualified models must perform as well or better than
other models on the market
Specification Setting in Practice
Not all products will qualify…• Clothes Washers were added to program in
1997 – only 6.5% of models, representing less than 1% of market share qualified
• Industry estimates that ENERGY STAR qualified central HVAC models will have only 4% market share when new specification takes effect in October 2002
• Current ENERGY STAR Appliances market share 10 – 30%
Next Steps
• 8/2: Comments due to DOE • 8/30: DOE issues final
specification
Review of Analysis Methodology
• Why expand?
•Industry/Utility/Consumer interest
•New Models Available
•Provide motivation to increase product efficiency
•Provide more efficient option for common household purchase
Expansion of Coverage and Eligibility
Current Refrigeration Spec
• Standard size refrigerators only• >12.5 ft3 for top-mount freezer
• >18 ft3 for side-by-side, bottom
• Initial specification intended to include most common sizes
Proposed Addition to Specification Coverage• Mid-sized refrigerators
• 6.5 to 18.5 ft3, all configurations
• Freezers (manual & auto)• All residential sizes
• Compact refrigerators/freezers • < 6.5 ft3
• Manual & partial defrost• All sizes
Proposed ENERGY STAR Levels for Expansion
• 10% below NAECA standard• No change• Maintain consistency with current
specification• Consistency aids consumer
understanding
• Exception• Compact refrigerators/freezers• 20% below NAECA proposed
Mid-size Refrigerators: Market Overview
• Estimated annual sales: 1.9 million
• Top mount freezer most common
NAECA and ENERGY STAR: Mid-size
Top Mount Freezer Performance vs NAECA
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
5.50 10.50 15.50
Size (ft3)
kWh/
yr
Top Mount FreezerPerformanceNAECA Points
Energy Star Points
Current AveragePerformanceNAECA Standard
Proposed Energy StarLevel (10%)
Proposed ENERGY STAR Level:Mid-sized Refrigerators
• 10% below NAECA standard
• Consistent with current speciation
Compacts: Market Overview
• Annual Sales: 2.4 million• Mostly Manual Defrost• Sales Volume Doubled in
Last Five Years
NAECA and ENERGY STAR: Compacts
Small Refrigerator Efficiency by Volume
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Adjusted Volume
kWh/
year
kWh/year
Federal Minimum StandardProposed 10% ENERGY STAR levelProposed 15% ENERGY STAR levelProposed 20% ENERGY STAR level
Proposed ENERGY STAR Level: Compacts
• 20% below NAECA standard
• Why not 10%?• 20% created better
differentiation• Greater energy savings
Freezers: Market Overview
• 2 million units/year sales• 36 million unit stock
• 1 in 3 households• Two manufacturers have
99% of market
NAECA and ENERGY STAR: Upright Freezers
Upright Manual Defrost Freezer Performance
(AHAM-2001*)
200
300
400
500
600
700
3 8 13 18 23 Size-ft 3
kWh/yr
Upright-Manual DOE standard Proposed Energy Star Spec. Current Averaged Performance DOE Standard Proposed Energy Star Level (10% reduction)
NAECA and ENERGY STAR: Chest Freezers
Chest-Manual Defrost Freezers Performance (AHAM-2001)
150
250
350
450
550
650
3 13 23
Size-ft3
kWh/
yr
Chest-Manual
DOE standard
Proposed Energy Star Spec.
Current Averaged Performance
DOE Standard
Proposed Energy Star Level(10% reduction)
Proposed ENERGY STARLevels: Freezers
• 10% below current NAECA standard
• Currently, freezers at 10% below NAECA do not exist
• Manufacturers stated they will produce more efficient product upon introduction of ENERGY STAR expansion
Estimated Energy Savings
• Assume 10% market penetration in first year• Freezers: 13.6 GWh• Compacts: 8.2 GWh• Mid-sized: 8.7 GWh
Estimated Energy Savings Formula
Model technique:• Weighted average size (ft3)
times average unit energy consumption improvement times annual shipments of Energy Star Units
• Give aggregate annual consumption
Options to Improve Performance
• Improve insulation• HCFC blown Ins. ends in 2004• New materials being considered
• Improve compressor performance
• ECMs for condenser/evaporator• Onboard demand management
Conclusion
• These are proposed performance levels
• Please make comments today
• Reminder: Final comments due August 2
Review of Comments Received
Summary
• Received written comments from over a dozen stakeholders
• Overwhelming support for refrigerator and freezer expansion
• Majority support compact addition, but less consensus
Refrigerators: Pro
• Respond to consumer preference while promoting energy efficiency
• Support regardless of size, type or defrost as long as it helps attain program goals
Freezers: Pro
• Opportunity for significant energy savings
• Any product with FTC EnergyGuide should have ENERGY STAR label
Compacts: Con
• Technology not available to meet 20% goal
• Dilutes program and loses credibility due to limited savings on consumer utility bill (annual and lifetime)
• Products not as durable, inherently less efficient
Compacts: Pro
• Without label, no incentive for mfrs to produce or consumers to buy most energy efficient product
• Consumers should consider energy efficiency
• Mfrs would like to promote most efficient products
Manual/Partial Auto Defrost: Pro
• Achieve substantial energy savings
• Deserve to be able to market energy efficiency
• Manual defrost chest freezers constitute 50%+ of market
ENERGY STAR®
ENERGY STAR Refrigerators and FreezersRichard H. Karney, US DOE
July 18, 2001