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Duke Energy Emerging Technology Office
Internet of Things (IoT) Interoperability
Framework for Utility Industry
Stuart Laval
5/10/2016 page 1 Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
About Duke Energy
• One of the Largest Electric Holding Companies in the United States
• Electric Utility operations in North and South Carolina, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and Florida serving 7.2 million customers
• 57,500 MW of regulated generation
• Renewable generation of 1500 MW of wind and 500 MW of solar located throughout the United States
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy Corporation All rights reserved. page 2
Duke Energy’s Interoperability Vision
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved. 3
http://duke-energy.com/coalition/
Key Drivers of Grid Transformation
CURRENT STATE
Centralized
One-way Flow
Stable Load
Static/Reactive
Analog/Electromechanical
Single-Purpose
Proprietary
Silo-oriented
Latent / Data Overload
OT/IT Disconnected
Limited Customer Interaction
Data Center Security
Fragile
Why?
Intermittent Renewables Energy Storage
Microgrids Electric Vehicles
Cyber-Security Threats Premise “Internet of Things”
Aging Infrastructure Stranded Assets
“Big Data” Complexity
FUTURE STATE
Distributed
Multi-direction Flow
Stochastic Load
Dynamic/Proactive
Digital/Automated
Multi-function
Open Standards/Modular
Interoperable/Integrated
Timely / Filtered Data
OT/IT Convergence
Virtual Hand-shake
Enterprise-wide Security
Resilient
Ensuring a Safe, Reliable, Affordable, and Sustainable Electric Power Grid
How?
1. Internet Connectivity
2. Translation
3. Common Dictionary
4. Security
5. Analytics
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
-5-
DER Challenges with Traditional Centralized Solutions
Current State: Centralized Decisions
Slow, Raw, Stale, Unsecure Data
Cellular Network
Utility Office
Battery Storage
Rapid Swing in
Production
Response
Decision +
Update
Model
Meter
Head End
Solar PV
“Pass-Through”
Key Observations:
1. Single-Purpose Functions
2. Proprietary & Silo’ed systems
3. Latent , Error-prone Data
4. OT/IT/Telecom Disconnected
5. No Field Interoperability!
UTILITY CENTRAL OFFICE
Head End A
Vendor A Solution
Private Carrier
R
Head End C
Vendor C Solution
Public Carrier
900MHz ISM
En
terprise S
ervice Bu
s
Head End B
Vendor B Solution
Proprietary Network
Present Day Smart Grid
Meter
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Why Interoperability is Important
• Distributed Energy Resources, Microgrids, and Advanced Demand Response require disparate field devices to work together remotely with little latency or delay.
• Key to more efficient, cost-effective, and secure grid – Leverage existing grid network infrastructure / underutilized assets
– Reduces effort in device configuration, management, and commissioning
– Improves Situational Awareness of Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) systems
• Back office integration is expensive and time consuming – Hidden costs and inefficiencies with siloed, single-function solutions
– “Big Data” complexity caused by lots of “Small Data” problems
• Open Standards does NOT mean interoperable
page 6 Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
-7-
Unlocking data with an Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB)
Key Observations:
1. Single-Purpose Functions
2. Proprietary & Silo’ed systems
3. Latent , Error-prone Data
4. OT/IT/Telecom Disconnected
5. No Field Interoperability!
UTILITY CENTRAL OFFICE
Head End A
Vendor A Solution
Private Carrier
R
Head End C
Vendor C Solution
Public Carrier
900MHz ISM
En
terprise S
ervice Bu
s
Head End B
Vendor B Solution
Proprietary Network
R UTILITY
CENTRAL OFFICE
Head End A
Head End B
Head End C
En
terprise S
ervice Bu
s
Node
3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, Fiber, Ethernet, RF ISM, or PLC
Node
Fie
ld M
essa
ge B
us
Any Medium
Key Observations:
1. Multi-Purpose Functions
2. Modular & Scalable HW&SW
3. End-to-End Situational Awareness
4. OT/IT/Telecom Convergence
5. True Field Interoperability!
Node
Cellular Network
Utility Office
Battery Storage
Rapid Swing in
Production
Update
Model
Response
Decision
Solar PV
“Open Field Message Bus”
(OpenFMB)
Meter
Future State: Distributed Decisions
Fast, Local, Actionable, Secure Data
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Open Field Message Bus
Recloser / Switch
OpenFMB Operation: Federated Message Exchanges
8/30/2016 page 8
Readings KW A/B/C KVAR A/B/C V A/B/C I A/B/C Phase Angle A/B/C KWh TimeStamp State of Charge
Status, Events, Alarms, & Control Trip / Open TimeStamp
• Readings - Pub each 2 secs or near-real-time
• Events – on status change in near-real-time
Microgrid optimization analytics
Microgrid
Controller
Battery PV
Meter
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Nodes
OPEN FIELD MESSAGE BUS
Use-Case App(s) or Policies
OT System
or Device
Analytics
Messaging
Translation
IT
Pu
blis
h
Su
bsc
rib
e
Pu
blis
h
DNP Modbus
Smart
Meter
Cap
Bank
Intelligent
Switch
FCI line
Sensor
Su
bsc
rib
e
OT
Transformation
Security
Pu
blis
h
Su
bsc
rib
e
Other
Pu
blis
h
Su
bsc
rib
e
Transformer Telco
Router
Battery/PV
Inverters
DMS Pi Sandbox
Head-End
Pu
blis
h
Su
bsc
rib
e
Abstraction Process of OpenFMB
DDS, MQTT,
AMQP
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
CIM Profiling
Expected Benefits of OpenFMB Framework
• Open, Observable, & Auditable interfaces for Situational Awareness
• Interoperability with existing assets for No Rip-and-Replace
• Fast Response when Centralized sites are Too Far Away to Respond
• Resiliency when Portions of the Grid are Segmented
• Local intelligence with coordinated Self-Optimization
• Potential Unified Backhaul for reduced O&M, simplified management, and enhanced security
• Fostering innovative products & services
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
SGIP OpenFMB Overview Cartoon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91HPyA8poI0
page 11 Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy and SGIP. All rights reserved.
OpenFMB™: The Catalyst for Interoperability
page 12 Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation. All rights reserved.
• Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMBTM) is a reference architecture and framework for distributed intelligence
• Leverages existing standards to federate data between field devices and harmonize them with centralized systems – IEC’s Common Information Model (CIM) for semantic data model
– Internet of Things (IoT) publish/subscribe protocols
• DDS: Data Distribution Service
• MQTT: Message Queue Telemetry Transport
• AMQP: Advanced Message Queue Protocol
• Scales operations independently, without a system-wide rollout – Flexible integration of renewables and storage with the existing grid
– Accelerates ability to stack operational benefits
• OpenFMB™ standard ratified in March 2016 by the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB)
OpenFMB Publications
8/30/2016 page 13
Please contact [email protected] www.duke-energy.com/pdfs/dedistributedintelligenceplatformvol01.pdf
Duke Energy Distributed Intelligence Platform NAESB OpenFMB Standard
IP Network
8/30/2016 page 14
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
Line
Sensor
X Street Light
Smart
Assets
Distributed
Energy
Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DE
MA
ND
E
LE
CT
RIC
GR
ID
Smart Generation
Continuous
Emission
Monitoring
Weather Sensor
SU
PP
LY
Other Nodes
Open Standards
Node
CPU
Radio Internet
Connectivity
Distributed
Intelligence
Head End A
Head End B
Head End N
Data C
enter M
essage B
us
Network
Router
UTILITY
DATA CENTER
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Technology Approach
1. Internet Connectivity
2. Translation
3. Common Dictionary
4. Security
5. Analytics
Open Field Message Bus
(OpenFMB)
IP Network
8/30/2016 page 15
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
Line
Sensor
X Street Light
Smart
Assets
Distributed
Energy
Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DE
MA
ND
E
LE
CT
RIC
GR
ID
Smart Generation
Continuous
Emission
Monitoring
Weather Sensor
SU
PP
LY
Other Nodes
Open Standards
Node
Virtual OS
Core OS Internet
Connectivity
Distributed
Intelligence
Head End A
Head End B
Head End N
Data C
enter M
essage B
us
Network
Router
UTILITY
DATA CENTER
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Technology Approach
1. Internet Connectivity
2. Translation
3. Common Dictionary
4. Security
5. Analytics
Open Field Message Bus
(OpenFMB)
IP Network
8/30/2016 page 16
Smart Meter
Capacitor Bank
Line
Sensor
X Street Light
Smart
Assets
Distributed
Energy
Resources
Transformer
Intelligent Switch
DE
MA
ND
E
LE
CT
RIC
GR
ID
Smart Generation
Continuous
Emission
Monitoring
Weather Sensor
SU
PP
LY
Other Nodes
Open Standards
Node
• Processor(s) + Memory • Linux-based OS • Open API Messaging • 3rd Party Apps • Security / Network Mgr
Core OS Internet
Connectivity
Distributed
Intelligence
Head End A
Head End B
Head End N
Data C
enter M
essage B
us
Network
Router
UTILITY
DATA CENTER
“Internet of Things” Platform for the Utility
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Technology Approach
1. Internet Connectivity
2. Translation
3. Common Dictionary
4. Security
5. Analytics
Open Field Message Bus
(OpenFMB)
Smart
Meter
Capacitor
Bank
Line
Sensor
Battery
Inverter DMS
Head Ends SCADA
Higher Tier Node
Central Office
(Utility Datacenter)
Common Semantic Model
Legacy Protocol Translation
Legend
Middle Tier Nodes
(e.g. substation)
Lower Tiers Nodes
(e.g. grid)
End Points
Devices
Legacy Protocol Adapter
Common Data Model Profile(s)
Field Message
Bus (FMB)
Client/Server Polling
Pub/Sub Messaging
Distributed Architecture: Telecom Networking Vision Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) Framework
8/30/2016 page 17
Firewall
Virtual Firewall
MDM M
- +
OpenFMB protocol
Legacy Protocol Adapter
Common Data Model Profile(s)
OpenFMB protocol
Legacy Protocol Adapter
Common Data Model Profile(s)
OpenFMB protocol
Breaker
Relay
Solar PV
Inverter
Mo
db
us
Open FMB IoT Protocol
Legacy Protocol Adapter
Common Data Model
OpenFMB protocol
OMS GIS
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation All rights reserved.
SGIP’s OpenFMB Framework Life Cycle
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation and SGIP All rights reserved.
OpenFMB: SGIP Guiding Principles
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy Corporation and SGIP All rights reserved.
• Agile and Evolving Architecture
– No “one-size-fits-all” technology for DERs with existing T&D
– Any Common Data Model with Any IoT Pub/Sub Protocol
• No reinventing wheel / No duplicating of standards effort
• Focus on quickly business value by solving real problems
• Flexibility, scalability, & backward-compatibility are critical
• Security & configuration built-in at the start
SGIP OpenFMB Microgrid Use-Case Cartoon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlcPN4ps9jY
page 20 Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy and SGIP. All rights reserved.
Duke Energy Microgrid Test Site: Mount Holly, NC
PV Installations
Battery & Load-bank
Behind the meter and control room
Grid Equipment
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Islanding Switch
Mount Holly Microgrid Components
250kW/250kWh Battery
Energy Storage System Padmount Recloser
1000kVA Transformer
1200A Disconnect
75kVA Transformer
Meter Structure
Secondary Cabinet 275kVA Step-up Transformer
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Mount Holly Microgrid Components, Cont.
23 Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Mount Holly IT Infrastructure
24
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Verizon 4G LTE Small-Cell Basestation Internet of Things OT User Interfaces
Mount Holly R&D Interoperability Simulation Lab
25 Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Interoperability Coalition Vendor Participants
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Key Lessons Learned
• Some technologies did not initially produce information to run distributed applications
• Distributed control sequences need to be choreographed to reflect latencies of communications and applications
• Microgrid operations require more precise performance
– Time accuracy and synchronization are paramount
– Granular and accurate sensor data is critical
• Most hardware challenges were resolved with OpenFMB
• Our partner’ skills and insights refined our final solution
Copyright © 2016 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
Why is the OpenFMB Important for Duke Energy?
page 28
• Accuracy: Provides accurate control and alleviates intermittency of distributed energy resources
• Scalability: Provides the ability to scale independently, as needed, without needing a system wide rollout
• Reduce Costs: Takes cost out of the business by reducing integration time and effort
• Security: A distributed grid is more resilient and can be made more secure
• Forefront: Allows Duke to be at the forefront of developing new regulations and policies
Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved. 8/30/2016
Thank you!
page 29 Copyright © 2015 Duke Energy All rights reserved.
