DJABER Ibrahim - Université de Bouirafll.univ-bouira.dz/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Timsirin-n-tesnawalt.pdf · waṭas di tutlayt, anida yiwen ur yezmir ad ten-yeḥseb, yerna ttbeddilen

DJABER Ibrahim

Timsirin n tesnawalt Aswir wis sin : tasnilest d tsekla

Aseggas asdawan : 2019/202

Timsirin n tesnawalt M. DJABER Ibrahim

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Agbur

I. Immektiyen umrisen

- Tasnawalt

- Amawal/tamawalt

- Tanakti n wawal

II. Taggayin tiseddasanin

III. Aẓar

IV. Asileɣ n umawal

- Asuddem

- Asuddes


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I) Immektiyen umrisen

1. Tasnawalt

Tasnawalt d aḥric di tesnilest, tzerrew taɣessa d unamaek n yiferdisen n umawwal. Si tama n tɣessa, tzerrew tarrayin n usileɣ n yiferdisen-nni n umawal. Ma yella si tama n unamek, tzerrew assasɣen isnamkanen yellan gar yiferdisen n umawal am tmegdiwt, tameglawalt, tagetnamka...

Tasnawalt d tazrawt tussnant n tɣessiwin n umawal. Tussna-ya d tamaynut ; tban-d deg yiseggasen ineggura. Tanakti n tesnawalt akked tseknawalt banent-d i tikkelt tamezwarut di tmessunt deg useggas n 1765. Imir-nni, awalen-a ttunaḥsaben d imegdawalen ; lan yiwen n unamek. Deg temsirin n tesnilest tamatut n F. de Saussure, tewwi (tesnawlt) timanit ; tuɣal d tussna iman-is (Dubois, 1999 : 281).

2. Amawal d tmawalt :

Amawal : di tseknawalt, amawal yezmer ad yesɛu anamek n udlis ideg ara naf umuɣ n yirman i yesseqdec kra n umaru, akken i yezmer ad yesɛu anamek n usegzawal bu snat n tutlayin ideg ara naf awalen s tutlayt (a) d yigdazalen-nsen s tutlayt (b) (Dubois, 1999 : 282).

Ma yella amawal am wakken d irem di tesnilest tamatut, yemmal-d tagrumma n tayunin swacu yeddes umeslay neɣ tutlayt n kra n temɣiwent (Dubois, 1999 : 282).

Mi ara nettmeslay ɣef umawal, nettarra-d azal i umyag d yisem, acku d ineggura-ya i yellan s waṭas di tutlayt, anida yiwen ur yezmir ad ten-yeḥseb, yerna ttbeddilen. Ma yella iferdisen n tjerrumt drus i yellan, yerna rekden.

Tamawalt

Anamek n tmawalt deg tasut tis 18, d umuɣ n wawalen. Douchet akked Beauzée nnan-d « Tamawalt d umuɣ n wawalen n kra n tutlayt, yerna yal tutlayt tesɛa-tt ». Ilmend n tbadut-a, yal adlis nezmer ad t-neḥseb d tamawalt. Deg tesniremt tasnilsant, tamawalt d umuɣ n yirman i d-yettbinen deg wammud (uzzig). Tikwal, ur d-tettili ara tenmegla gar umawal d tmawalt : tamawalt taddayt, tamawalt tamatut, di tegnit-a ulac ayen i d-yemmalen ma yella umuɣ-nni (n wawalen) d ammud uzzig i ilan tilisa, neɣ umuɣ-nni d iferdisen n tutlayt. Akk imussnawen n tesnilest taɣessant ur xeddmen ara tanmegla gar umawal d tmawalt : L. Hjelmslev yesseqdac irem n umawal d tmawalt s yiwen n unamek (Dubois, 1999 : 507-508).

Deg tuget, nessemgarad amawal ɣef tmawalt, imi amawal yerza iferdisen n tutlayt, ma yella tamawalt terza umuɣ n yiferdisen n usiwel. Asiḍenwal yessemgirid gar umawal d tmawalt ; irem amawal yerza tutlayt, ma yella irem tamawalt yerza inaw. Tamawalt n kra n uḍris tettuneḥsab d aḥric seg umawal n kra n umaru neɣ n umawal n kra n temɣiwent (Dubois, 1999 : 508).

Irem tamawalt yettuseqdac s waṭas deg tezrawin i d-yettilin ɣef wammuden uzzigen (taɣulin tuzzigin) : tamawalt n tsertit, tamawalt n tusnakt, tamawalt n tujjya, tamawalt n tesnilest. Ilmend n R. L. Wagner : « Irem tamawalt yemmal-d yiwet n taɣult deg umawal… » (Dubois, 1999 : 508).


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3. Tanakti n wawal

« D aferdis utlayan anamkan, yeddes s yiwen n yimeslic neɣ ugar. Aferdis-a, yezmer ad yettwaru gar sin n yilmawen. Di tseddast, talɣa-s tezmer ad tbeddel, tezmer ur tettbeddil ara. Deg wayen yerzan anamek, awal yemmal-d taɣawsa, tigawt, addad, taɣara, assaɣ... » (Dubois, 1999 : 312-313).

Tabadut-a, deg-s kra n lixsas, acku :

- Tefka-d azal i tira kan, ur tefki ara azal i timawit. - Deg unamek, awal, yezmer ad yesɛu aṭas n yinumak, maca ilmend n tbadut-a yezmer

ad yesɛu kan yiwen n unamek, meḥsub tabadut-a tergel tawwurt ɣef tgetnamka. - Ur d-tefki ara azal i yismawen uddisen.

Md : Ibawen n wuccen. Uddis-a, ad t-neḥseb d kraḍ n wawalen neɣ d yiwen n wawal, acku ila yiwen n unamek.

- Ur d-tefki ara azal i tenfaliyin tukrifin. Md : yezmer lḥal. Deg tenfalit-a, nesɛa sin n wawalen sruḥen inumak-nsen inasliyen, fkan-d anamek amaynut yemgarad ɣef yinumak-nsen mi ara ilin iman-nsen.

- Ilmend n tabdut-a, yal awal ila kan yiwet n taggayt taseddasant. Maca kra n wawalen, ttbeddilen taggayt ilmend n wattal. Md1 : awal urar yezmer ad yili d isem yezmer ad yili d amyag. Deg tefyirt am : Urar n lxalat, taggayt n wawal urar d isem. Deg tefyirt am : Tturaren ddabex, taggayt n wawal urar d amyag. Md2 : awal deffir yezmer ad yili d tanzeɣt, yezmer ad yili d isem neɣ d amernu. Deg tefyirt am : timeɛɛayin deffir yimensi, awal deffir d tanzeɣt. Deg tefyirt am : siwel i wid n deffir, awal deffir d isem. Deg tefyirt am : yeqqim deffir, awal deffir d amernu.

- Tabadut-a, ur d-tefki ara azal i yisewzal.

Ma nmuqel annar n tesnilest ad naf imussnawen ur ssqedcen ara tanakti n wawal deg tezrawin-nsen, rewwlen fell-as, acku yemmug d ugur di taɣult-a. Di tesnilest taɣessant sseqdacen azmul, di tesnilest tawurant sseqdacen amunin, di taɣult n tesniremt sqedcen irem. Beinveniste yesseqdac tadukelt, ma yella di tesnawalt sseqdacen anmawal.

4. Anmawal

D tayunt n wadda deg umawal, d tamadwant, d aḥric imezgi deg tayunt-a.

Md : amezwaru, yezwar, zwaren, zwareɣ, tezwar, nezwar, tezwarem, tazwara, tazwart. Deg wawalen-a i d-nebder, yella yiwen n uḥric d imezgi ; icrek-iten akk. Awalen-nni akk deg-sen aḥric-nni « zwar », aneggaru-ya iwumi neqqar anmawal. Ihi, anmawal d aḥric i d-yettilin deg wawalen i ittekkin ɣer yiwet n twacult tamawalant ; meḥsub d aḥric i yezdin awalen i ilan yiwen n uẓar. Anmawal, yemgarad ɣef uẓar, imi anmawal deg-s tiɣra, ma yella aẓar ur yesɛi tiɣra. Akken i nwala deg yimedyaten yezrin, anmawal ur yettuseqdac ara iman-is, dima yuḥwaj alɣacen n tjerrumt : yezwar, zwaren, zwareɣ, tezwar, nezwar, tezwarem, ilɣacen deg yimedyaten-a d imataren udmawanen. Ma yella di tyinawt amezwaru alɣac n tjerrumt d ticreḍt n yisem n umeskar am.

S umata, anmawal ilaq ad yezdi (yenṭeḍ) ɣer ulɣac ajerruman akken ad tesɛu tyinawt anamek. A. Martinet, yessumer-d irem amunim akken ad d-imel tayunt tanamkant n uswir amezwaru n umeslay, yerna yessemgired gar yinmawalen d ulɣacen, inmawalen ttekkin ɣer umawal ; meḥsub ur lin ara tilisa, ma yella alɣacen ttekkin ɣer tjerrumt (Dubois, 1999 : 275).


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5. Tayinawt

Tayinawt d tayunt tawurant, d takmamt, nezmer ad tt-id-naf iman-is di tutlayt ; tewjed i useqdec, teddes s usdukel n ulɣac ajerruman akked ulɣac amawalan.

Tayinawt d tayunt i ilan tawuri d unamek deg yinaw, d anemgal n unmawal ; d tayunt tamadwant, tettekki ɣer tutlayt. Tayinawt taḥerfit, tezmer ad tili d yiwen n wawal : aqcic. Tayinawt tuddist, tezmer ad tesɛu aṭas n wawalen : ibawen n wuccen. Ma yella tayinawt tasemlalt tettuneḥasb am wakken d tafyirt tukrift : yefka afus ( Dubois, 1999 : 282).

Seg tbadut-a, ad negzu dakken tayinawt d tayunt i yesɛan anamek akked twuri deg yinaw ; meḥsub tayinawt d ayen i nezmer ad nesseqdec deg yinaw, tewjed i useqdec, tla talɣa d unamek.

Tabadut-a, tekkes-d aṭas n wuguren, imi tefka azal i yiferdisen iḥerfiyen akked yiferdisen uddisen d yisemlalen. Ilmend n tbadut-a, tanfalit tukrift tettuneḥsab d yiwet n tayunt acku tla yiwen n unamek.

Anmawal ur yesɛi anamek, ur yezmir ad yettuseqdec iman-is, maca ma nerna-yas alɣac ajerruman yettuɣal d tayinawt i yesɛan anamek d twuri ; tewjed i useqdec. Anmawal, fell-as i tres/tebna twacult tamawalant, maca ur yesɛi ara tawuri. Ma yella d tayinawt temmed, tesɛa anamek d twuri.


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II. Taggayin tiseddasanin

Gar wid iqedcen ɣef temsalt-a ad naf : A. Basset (1952), K. Prasse (1972-1974), M. Mammeri

(1976), Chaker (1981), Bentolila (1983), Haddadou (2000-2011), Gerchouh (2015).

S umata, iferdisen n tutlayt bḍan ɣef sin : iferdisen n umawal d yiferdisen n tjerrumt.

II.1. Iferdisen n umawal : di tesmilt-a, am akk tutlayin, nessemgirid gar yisem d umyag.

Isem d umyag mgaraden di talɣa ; yal yiwen s tecraḍ-is, mgaraden daɣen di twuri ; isem d

agetwuran ma yella amyag d ayenwuran.

II.1.1. Amyag : yettwasbadu s tecraḍ tigejdanin akked tecraḍ tinufranin (ticraḍ n usuddem +

ticraḍ timazzayin).

Ticraḍ tigejdanin n umyag (aẓar, askim, amatar udmawan) myuqqanent ; ur zmirent ara ad

ilint yal yiwet iman-is neɣ ad ilint snat war tis kradet, meḥsub afeggag amyagan ur yezmir ara

ad yili war amatar udmawan d uskim n tmeẓri, yerna sin n yiferdisen-a ineggura ur lin ara tilin

berra i ufeggag.

Ticraḍ tisuddimin mmalent-d tanila n useɣru amyagan :

- Aswaɣ : aswaɣ d yiwet n talɣa gar talɣiwin n umyag asuddim, yettili-d s tmerna n

uzwir s-/ss- i umyag aherfi. Aswaɣ d amsuk ; yuḥwaj asemmad usrid.

- Attwaɣ : attwaɣ, d yiwet n talɣa gar talɣiwin n umyag asuddim, yettili-d s tmerna n

yizwiren ttwa-/ttu-/mm-/nn- i umyag aḥerfi. Attwaɣ, d aramsuk ; ur iqebbel ara

asemmad usrid, iqebbel kan asemmad imsegzi (d uskir, d ameskur).

- Amyaɣ : amyaɣ d yiwet n talɣa gar talɣiwin tisuddimin n umyag, yettili-d s tmerna n

yizwiren my-/m- i umyag aḥerfi. Amyaɣ d aramsuk.

Ticraḍ timazzayin

- Tizelɣiwin n tnila : ttilint-d berra i umyag, mmalent-d adeg n ḍerru n tigawt

(d temmal-d adeg n tigawt ilmend n umsiwel, n temmal-d adeg n tigawt ilmend n win

iwumi nettmeslay)

- Tizelɣiwin send amyag (ad, la)

- Iwsilen n umyag (usriden + irusriden)

II.1.2. Isem

Isem, yettwasbadu s usdukel n uẓar amawalan, askim anisem, ticraḍ tigejdanin akked tecraḍ

tinufranin.

Tasmilt n yismawen tezdi imilanen, inemḍanen, irbiben d yimqimen.

Isem amilan


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Isem amilan yezdi akk ismawen anagar irbiben d yinemḍanen, yemmal-d amur ameqqran di

tesmilt n yismawen. Isem amilan yezmer ad yili d akmam (taɣawsa, aɣersiw…), yezmer ad

yili d amadwan (tilelli), yezmer ad yili d aḥerfi (ayẓiw), d asuddim (asagem), d uddis

(tiferzizwit), d areṭṭal (tasebḥit), d amaẓlay (Tubiret, Ɛmer). Deg wayen yerzan talɣa d twuri,

yezmer ad yesɛu akk ticraḍ d twuriwin tinisamin.

Arbib

Arbib yezdi ɣer tesmilt n yisem, ila ticreḍt n tewsit, n umḍan d waddad : ikerri aberkan~

akraren iberkanen, taqcict tacebḥant ~ tiqcicin ticebḥanin. Di tmacaɣt akked teɣdamsit, d

imaɣunen i d-yemmalen tikti n uglam : tamacaɣt : adrar maqqren, taɣdamsit : tanǧa

mellalen “terre blanche” Haddadou (2011: 58-59).

Arbib yezmer ad yili d aseɣru n tefyiert tanisemt (d aberkan n uqerru). Yezmer ad yaɣ akk

tiwuriwin n yisem, yezmer ad yili d asemmad usrid, arusrid, n yisem, imsegzi... yerna ila

tawuri izaden ɣef umilan, imi arbib yezmer ad yili d amguccel usrid n umilan ; yeṭṭafar-it war

assaɣ ajerruman (akal aberkan). Deg wayen yerzan asileɣ-ines, arbib yettwasuddem seg

yimyagen n tɣara. Deg wayen yerzan talɣa, arbib ila aṭas n yiskimen1.

Anemḍan Anemḍan ur yelli d isem n tigawt, ur yelli d akmam. Anemḍan ur ili ara ticreḍt n umḍan d waddad am yismawaen-nniḍen (acku ur ili ara amagrad) ; meḥsub ur ili ara asget d waddad amaruz, ila kan ticreṭ n tewsit (yiwen-yiwet), ila daɣen kra n tecraḍ timazzayin am yimeskanen (sin-nni, sin-nniḍen). Tulmist tagejdant n unemḍan di tmaziɣt dakken yettili-d imettguccel mačči am tutlayin-nniḍen yettili-d amguccel : sin n yirgazen sin d imettguccel, irgazen d amguccel. Tuget n tantaliwin n tmaziɣt reḍlent inemḍanen n taɛrabt (si 3/4 d asawen), anagar kra n tantaliwin am tmacaɣt, tacelḥit akked tumẓabit, ḥerzent uṭṭunen n tmaziɣt (Haddadou, 2011: 58). Amqim2

Amqim yettuɣal deg wadeg n yisem, yezmer ad yaɣ akk tiwuriwin-ines (n yisem). Imqimen

irudmawanen ama d imeskanen ama d imattaren lan tecreḍt n tewsit d umḍan. Tuget n

yimqimen kifkif-nsen deg tuget n tantaliwin ɣas ma yella-d umgired deg umseḍfer n tergalin

akked ususru-nsen (Haddaou, 2011 : 58).

Nessadda-d imqimen di tesmilt n umawal acku ttaɣen adeg yisem d twuriwin-is (amqim

yezmer ad yili ula d aseɣru n tefyirt tanisemt), rnu ɣer waya, imqimen irudmawanen ttaɣen

ticraḍ tigejdanin n yisem (tawsit, amḍa, d waddad). Zik, imqimen irudmawanen ttuneḥsaben d

imilanen (Chaker, 1991 : 131).

II.2. Iferdisen n tjerrumt

II.2.1. Iwuranen

Tasmilt-a, tezdi tinzaɣ, tisɣunin n usagel d tesɣunin n tuqqna.

1 wali talɣiwin n urbib di temsirin n yisem

2 Wali amqim di temsirin n yisem.


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- Tinzaɣ : tinzaɣ, tteqnent isem ɣer wuddus amseɣru. Isem i d-yeṭṭafaren tanzeɣt yettil-

d deg waddad amaruz, anagar s d ar n tnila ur ttbeddilent ara addad n yisem : ar ass-a,

iruḥ s axxam, yewwet-it s ufus s afus. Di teqbaylit, s n tnila, tettuseqdac kan akked

yismawen i ibeddun s teɣra (ur nezmir ara ad d-nini : iruḥ s taxxamt). Maca di tcelḥit,

tettuseqdac akked yismawen untiyen i ibeddun s « t » : iruḥ s temdint. Kra n tenzaɣ

tteqqnent gar yisem d umyag : iruḥ ɣer uxxam, yuli ɣer udrar, llant kra tteqqnent gar

sin n yismawen : d adfel deg udrar. Kra n yimussnawan ttsemmin tinzaɣ s yisem

iwuranen war isumar, iwuranen acku lant tawuri n tuqqna, war isumar acku ur

tteqqnent ara gar sin n yisumar (sin n yiḥricen), meḥsub tteqqnent gar sin n yismawen

neɣ gar yisem d umyag. Ilmend n Haddadou (2011 : 59), tinzaɣ rekdent yerna kifkif-

nsent deg akk tantaliwin, anemgal n tzelɣiwin-nniḍen, mgaradent si tantala ɣer tayeḍ,

yerna deg tuget ttilint d ireṭṭalen si taɛrabt. Tuget n tenzaɣ seg yismawen i d-kkant :

ɣef tekka-d seg yisem ixef/iɣef, fell tekka-d seg yisem afella.

Kra n tenzaɣ : d, deg, s, ɣer, ɣur, ɣef, seg, ddaw, nnig, am, i, ar, n, deffir, sdat..

- Tisɣunin n usagel (imsugal) : imsugal tteqqnen gar usumer agejdan d usumer

awissin anida anamek yeqqen ɣer usumer agejdan. Imsugal d iferdisen n tjerrumt,

tteqqnen gar snat n tefyar neɣ sin n yisumar, ɣef wanect-a llan wid i sen-qqaren

« iwuranen isumaren ». Imsugal n tegrayt (ihi, daɣetta, imala….). Imsugal n

tmentilt (acku, ɛlaxaṭer/axaṭer/xaṭer, belli…). Imsugal n tewtilt (ma, ma yella, lukan,

limmer…). Imsugal n wakud (mi, asmi, segmi, deg wasmi, skud, ticki, yal ma…

- Tisɣunin n tuqqna : tisɣunin-a tteqqnent kan gar yiferdisen i ilan yiwen n ugama,

meḥsub tteqqnent gar sin n yismawen neɣ gar sin n yimyagen, ur tteqqnent ara gar

yisem d umyag (ur, daɣ, ama, neɣ, umbaɛd, u, yerna, la…la, dɣa, ladɣa, meḥsub,

meqqar…)

Akk iwuranen kkan-d seg yiferdisen imawalanen, ladɣa seg yisem neɣ seg wuddus anisem.

Anect-a yettbin-d di tenzaɣ, acku ḥerzent later i d-yemmalen tadra-nsent tanisemt : fell –

afella, ɣef – ixef (Chaker, 1991 : 133).

II.2.2. Imerna

Amernu d awal armeskil, irennu-d anamek i tefyirt. Kra n yimerna lan ticreḍt n waddad

amaruz (Nait Zerrad : 1995 : 153). Tikwal yettili-d usexleḍ gar yimerna, isuraz d yismawen.

Ilmend n unamek ad nebḍu imerna ɣef sa (7) :

- Imerna n wadeg : deffir, sdat, daxel, berra, da, din, dihin, sya, syihin, syin, syinna,

agemmaḍ, akin, d tama, s ufella, s wadda, ukessar, d akessar, i ukessar, usawen, i

usawen, d asawen, yeffus, zelmeḍ …

- Imerna n tesmekta : ciṭuḥ, cwiṭ, azuḥ, qli, qič, bessi, bezzaf, ddeqs, nezzeh, mliḥ,

aṭas, ḥawla, drus, kan, kter, qell…

- Imerna n wakud : tuget n yimerna-ya kkan-d seg yismawen, imerna n wakud zemren

ad ttuseqdacen iman-nsen akken zemren ad ttusqedcen akked yimeskanen ; meḥsub

lan ticraḍ timazzayin n yisem (aseggas-a/aseggas-nni) : tura/imaru, imira, imir-nni,

qabel, wabel, azekka, azekka-nni/acca, ass-a/ass-u, ass-nni, ass s wass, kul ass, iḍelli,


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iḍelli-nni/asennaṭ, dima, lebda, ticki, yal ass, acḥal aya, ccaw, iḍ yezrin, ilindi, ilindi-

nni, lina, sgellinna, seld iḍelli, seldiḍelli-nni, seld azekka, seld azekka-nni, sya d

asawen, ticki, umbeɛd, uqbel, zik, zik-nni …

- Imerna n tɣara : akken, akka, kan, ɣas, akk, akkenni, bessif, fellaḥi, meqlubi, s

leɛqel…

- Imerna n tilawt : ih, anɛam, yerbeḥ, s tidet.

- Imerna n tibawt : ala, xaṭi, werǧin.

- Imerna n wahat : ahat, yezmer.

Ilmend n Haddadou (2000 : 233), imerna ur rkiden ara, mgaraden si tantala ɣer tayeḍ. Imerna

kkan-d seg yismawen, s tmentilt-a kra seg-sen zemren ad sɛun anamek n yisem d tenzeɣt

(deffir).

II.2.3. Tizelɣiwin : tazelɣa d ayen yellan akk d ameẓẓyan. Tizelɣiwin d iferdisen imeẓẓyanen

rennun ɣer yisem neɣ ɣer umyag, maca ur nezmir ara ad ten-nsers deg yiwen uḥric acku ulac

tulmist i ten-yezdin ; meḥsub ur ten-yezdi la anamek la attwel ajerruman :

- Tazelɣa n wurmir : ad

- Tazelɣa n tilawt : d

- Tazelɣa n tibawt : ur

- Tazelɣa n ubhat : i

- Tazelɣa n usiwel : a/ay

- Tazelɣa n wurmir ussid : la

II.2.4. Iferdisen i d-yeggaren aseɣru :

- Imsissen : d aferdis n tjerrumt s wacu ara nessisen kra : ha, aql. Md : ha-t « ha d

asilaw, t d aseɣru »/ aql-i « aql d asilaw, i d aseɣru ».

- Awalen i d-yeggaren aseɣru n tibawt : ulac (i tɣawsiwin), ulaḥed (i yimdanen),

ulamek.

- Awal afyiran : d awal uɛzil, yezga-d deg umkan n tefyirt yerna yettaɣ anamek-ines :

yerbeḥ, berka, fiḥel, mazal, ahat, wissen.

II.2.5. Imassaɣen : i (ɣer yizri), ara (ɣer wurmir).

Amyekcem gar yaggayin tiseddasanin

Akken ad negzu tuddsa n tutlayt yewwi-d as nessismel imunimen yerna ad nessemgired gar-

asen, dacu kan tilisa gar-asen fessuset, s wakka yettili-d umyekcem gar-asen imi kra n

tesmilin cerkent-tent tecraḍ ; taggayin tiseddasanin ur ttwaɛzalent ara s ẓẓerb (Haddadou,

2011 : 55).

Yuɛer ad d-nini belli kra n wawal yezdi kan ɣer kra n tesmilt, acku ilmend n wattalen yezmer

ad yezdi ɣer tesmilin yemgaraden ; awal yettbedil taggayt-is ilmend n wattalen (Chaker,

1991 : 134).


9

Ur nezmir ara ad nexdem tilisa gar taggayin n umawal d taggayin n tjerrumt, acku yettili-d

umyadef gar-asent s tmentilt n :

- Tagetnamka : isem ila aṭas n yinumak, s wakka yezmer ad ibeddel taggayt

taseddasant ;

- Tawuri : awalen ttbeddilen tawuri di tefyirt neɣ ttaɣen aṭas n twuriwin, s wakka

abeddel n twuri yettawi ɣer ubeddel n taggayt ;

- Aferzezzi (beṭṭu) n tutlayt : yal tama tesseqdac kra n wawalen rzan-tt nettat kan, yerna

lan taggayt tuzzigt, meḥsub taggayt n wawal tettbeddil ilmend n tantaliwin.

Azenziɣ n taggyain tisaddasanin

Amunim

Amawal Tajerrumt

Amyag

Isem

Amilan Arbib Anemḍan Amqim

Udmawan

Ilelli Awsil

n yisem (ayla

+ timerrewt)

n umyag (usrid+

arusrid)

n tenzaɣ

Arudmawan

Ameskan Arbadu Amattar

Imerna

Iwuranen

Tinzaɣ Tisɣunin

n usagel

Tisɣunin n

tuqqna

Imassaɣen

Iferdisen i d-

yeggaren aseɣru

Tizelɣiwin


10

III. Aẓar

Aẓar d aferdis n wadda, ur iqebbel asemẓi d beṭṭu, yecrek akk awalen i itettkkin ɣer yiwet n

twacult tamawalant.

Aẓar di tmaziɣt yeddes anagar s tergalin, tirgalin-a nezmer ad tent-nsemmi iɣes argalan,

aneggarur-ya fell-as i ires unamek amatu n wawalen i d-yefrurin seg-s.

Deg tuget, yettbin-d uẓar iseg d-yekka wawal. Amedya, awal tamaqqunt yekka-d seg umyag

eqqen. Maca di kra n teganatin, ur yettbin ara uẓar-nni, amedya, imsiwal ur xeddmen ara

assaɣ gar wawal tawaɣit d wemyag aɣ. Awalen tawaɣit, aɣ icrek-iten uẓar, maca deg

useqdec uɣalen d ilelliyen (ttwaɛezlen) ; ur ttbinen ara belli lan yiwen n uẓar. Tikwal ula d

adda-nni n usuddem yennejla, yeqqim-d kan wawal asuddim (meḥsub kra n wawalen nnejlan

yimyagen iseg d-kkan). Amedya, awal argaz, yekka-d uẓar amyagan RGZ (ddu) yellan di

tatergit s talɣa rǧeh < rgez (ddu ɣef uḍar), araǧeh (agraw n yimdanen itteddun ɣef uḍar, win

itteddun ɣef uḍar), amerreǧeh (amsebrid, win ur nerkid ara deg yiwen n wadeg), maca awal-a

argaz di teqbaylit ur ili ara amyag iseg d-yekka (Haddadou, 2011 : 37).

III.1. Tisekkiwin (talɣiwin) n uẓar

- Aẓar bu yiwet n tergalt : imi, ili, bab, bib, aḍaḍ…

- Aẓar bu snat n tergalin : afus, aḍar, ixef, dder/idir…

- Aẓar bu kradet n tergalin : kmes, kemmes, takemmust, akmas…

- Aẓar bu kuẓet n tergalin : derɣel, aderɣal, tiderɣelt…

Kra n yiẓuran i yesɛan yiwet neɣ snat n tergalin, di lasel sɛan kradet n tergalin, maca s

tementilt n unqas/usfaḍ n tergalin uɣalen sɛan yiwet neɣ snat, anect-a yettbin-d s userwes gar

tantaliwin akken i d-yettbin ula daxel n yiwet n tantala. Di teqbaylit : kker/nker, iddu/biddu

(abidaw di tatergit). Awal zeɣ di tatergit ila kan snat n tergalin (ZӶ) maca di teqbaylit ila

kradet zdeɣ (ZDӶ). Awal inissi di teqbaylit (yekka-d seg umyag ens « sɛeddi iḍ ») ila snat n

tergalin (NS), ma yella di tatergit ila kardet iknisi (KNS). Iẓuran i yesɛan yiwet n tergalt neɣ

snat nettaf-iten deg akk tantaliwin n tmaziɣt (ttekkin ɣer tmawalt takmaziɣt taddayt) : fad

(FD), laẓ (LẒ), aḍaḍ/ḍaḍ (Ḍ), afus (FS), ixef/iɣef (XF), imi (M), wet (W), mmet (M),

dder (DR)… (Haddaou, 2011 : 42-43).

III.2. Asufeɣ n uẓar

- Asdukel n wawalen i ittekkin ɣer yiwet n tawcult tamawalant ; - Tukksa n tecraḍ tigejdanin d tsuddimin ; - Tukksa n teɣra.

III.3. Uguren n usufeɣ n uẓar

- Tamsertit : ticcetr – tiskert. - Aɣelluy n tergalin tifessasin (w, y, h, ḍ…) : tala – tahala.

- Abeddel amsislan : aḍar – aṭar


11

- Aḍran : amseḍfer n yimeslicen (n tergalin) n yiwen n wawal yezmer ad ibeddel si

tantala ɣer tayeḍ, war abeddel n unamek n wawal. Tumant-a qqaren-as aḍran. Aḍran

ur yemmug ara d ugur deg usneknew n wawal ; nezmer ad neɛqel awal ideg d-

mbaddalen yimesla s yimukan, maca abeddel n umseḍfer n yimsela yemmug-d d ugur

deg usismel n yiẓuran. Amyag efk ila aṭas n talɣiwin : efk (taqbaylit), fek/kef

(Tamaziɣt n Lmerruk alemmas), ekf (tatergit, taɣdamsit), mebla ma nettu talɣiwin

tiwezzlanin yellan di tenfusit, tasiwit, tumẓabit : uc, anida f yeɣli ma yella k yuɣal d c.

Di tegnit am ta, ad neddem aẓar KF neɣ FK ? Haddadou (2011 : 48), yeddem-d talɣa

(amseḍfer) i yellan s waṭas (deg tuget n tantaliwin).


12

IV. Asileɣ n umawal di tmaziɣt

Asileɣ n umawal d allal n usebɣer n tutlayt d usnerni-ines imi ila iberdan d wallalen

swayes yessiliɣ iferdisen imaynuten seg yiferdisen yellan yakan.

Asuddes d usuddem d tarrayin tigejdanin n usileɣ n umawal di tmaziɣt (Chaker, 1991:

179-178).

IV.1. Asuddem

Asuddem d akala n usileɣ n tayunin timawalin s usenteḍ n ulɣac ajerruman ɣer uẓar

amawalan.

Di tmaziɣt, amur ameqqran n wawalen ulɣen s ubrid n usuddem. Asuddem, d allal

agejdan deg usileɣ n umawal di tmaziɣt (Haddadou, 2000 : 240).

IV.1.1. Asuddem ajerruman

Ilmend n Dubois d wiyaḍ (1999 : 136), asuddem « d asenṭeḍ n yiferdisen imawalen, anida

xersum yiwen seg-sen ur yezmir ara ad yettwasemres d ilelli, deg yiwet n talɣa3 ». Ma yella

deg wayen yerzan asuddem ajerruman yenna-d Mahrouche (2001: 58): « d asileɣ n tayunt

tamawalant s usenṭeḍ gar unmawal akked ulɣac4 ».

Asuddem n umyag

Di tmaziɣt, yettili-d usuddem n yimyagen s usenṭeḍ n yizwiren ɣer ufeggag amyagan, neɣ s

usenṭeḍ n ulɣac amyagan ɣer uẓar anisem.

A) Asuddem n umyag seg umyag

Akk alɣacen n usuddem ttilin d izwiren ; neṭṭḍen srid ɣer tazwara n ufeggag umyig (Chaker,

1991 : 184).

Haddadou (2011: 80) d Chaker (1991 : 185), bedren-d kradet n talɣiwin n yimyagen

isuddimen :

Aswaɣ : yettili-d usileɣ-ines s tmerna n uzwir s/ss- i umyag aḥerfi. Akken tebɣu tili tnila n

umyag aḥerfi, mi ara s-nernu ticreḍt n uswaɣ, yettuɣal d amsuk.

Alɣacen n uswaɣ (Chaker, 1991 : 185) :

- s- : yettili-d usuddem n uswaɣ s tmerna n s-, ticki teḍfer-it-id tergalt : sruḥ < s + ruḥ.

3 « La dérivation consiste en l’agglutination d’éléments lexicaux, dont un au moins n’est pas susceptible d’emploi indépendant, en une forme unique. » 4 « C’est une combinaison qui met en jeu un lexème et un morphème pour produire une unité lexicale. »


13

- ss- : yettili-d usuddem n uswaɣ s tmerna n ss-, ticki teḍfer-it-id teɣri taččurant neɣ

tilmet : ssali < ss + ali, ssufeɣ < ss + ffeɣ, ssečč < ss + ečč.

Imcalayen n uswaɣ (Chaker, 1991 : 185) :

- [s] → [z] : ticki afeggag n umuag ila targalt tazefzaft timeɣrit [z] : [ssenz] → [zzenz].

- [s] → [c] : ticki afeggag n umyag ila targalt tacewcawt timeɣrit neɣ tasusamt [c] :

[ssuccef] → [ccuccef].

Attwaɣ : yettili-d usileɣ-ines s tmerna n yizwiren ttwa-, ttu-, mm-, nn- i umyag aḥerfi. Akken

tebɣu tili tnila n umyag aḥerfi, mi ara s-nernu ticreḍt n uttwaɣ, yettuɣal d aramsuk.

Alɣacen n uttawɣ (Chaker, 1991 : 185) :

- ttwa- : yettili-d usileɣ n uttwaɣ s tmerna n ulɣac ttwa-, ticki amyag ila afeggag

awezzlan5 akked teɣri tilmet : ttwaddem < ttwa + ddem, ttwagzem < ttwa + gzem.

- ttu- : yettili-d usileɣ n uttwaɣ s tmerna n ulɣac ttu-, ticki amyag ila afeggag aɣezzfan6

neɣ imyagen yesɛan snat n tergalin akked teɣri tagensant (RɣR) : ttucudd < ttu +

cudd, ttubeddel < ttu + beddel.

Amyaɣ : yettili-d usileɣ-ines s tmerna n yizwiren my-, m- i umyag aḥerfi. Akken tebɣu tili

tnila n umyag aḥerfi, mi ara s-nernu ticreḍt n umyaɣ, yettuɣal d aramsuk.

Alɣacen n umyaɣ (Chaker, 1991 : 186) :

- my- : yettili-d usileɣ n umyaɣ s tmerna n uzwir my-, ticki amyag ila afeggag

awezzlan : myuṭṭaf < my + ṭṭef.

- m- : yettili-d usileɣ n umyaɣ s tmerna n uzwir m-, ticki amyag ila afeggag aɣezzfan :

mseqsan < m + seqsi.

- ms- : yettili-d usileɣ n umyaɣ s tmerna n uzwir ms-, ticki amyag ila talɣiwin-a : R1 Rc2

u (bɣu – msebɣu), e R1 R2 (enɣ-msenɣan).

Talɣiwin timesduklanin :

Idir (2019: 56-57), yebder-d kradet n talɣiwin timesduklanin n yimyagen isuddimen :

- Amyaɣ-aswaɣ : msetbeɛ < m + s + tbeɛ.

5 Amyag bu afeggag awezzlan : d amyag bu yiwet, snat neɣ kradet n tergalin akked teɣri tilemt : ɣRɣ, Rɣ,

ɣRɣRɣ, RRR. Imyagen yesɛan ifeggagen iwezzlanen d ikmaziɣen yerna ttuseqdacen s waṭas (Chaker, 1991 :

185-186).

6 Amyag bu afeggag aɣezzfan : akk imyagen i yesɛan kradet n tergalin d asawen akked teɣri tilmemt (1991 :

185).


14

- Aswaɣ-amyaɣ : ssemlaɛi < ss + m + laɛi.

- Attwaɣ-aswaɣ : ttwasruḥ < ttwa + s + ruḥ.

Tanila n useɣru amyagan

Ilmend n uqebbel n usemmad usrid ad nebḍu imyagen ɣef kradet n taggayin (Chaker, 1991 :

187-188) :

- Imyagen imsuken : imyagen-a qebblen/ḥwajen dima asemmad usrid : aker, ddem…

- Imyagen iramsuken : imyagen-a, dima ur qebblen ara asemmad usrid. Imyagen

iramsuken zemren ad ilin d imyagen n tigawt (azzel, rwel, ddu, aki, ali …), akken i

zemren ad ilin d imyagen n tɣara (ifsus, iwriɣ, ɣar…)

- Imyagen imasayen : ilmend n wattal, imyagen-a zemren ad ilin d imsuken ; qebblen

asemmad usrid, zemren ad ilin d iramsuken ; ur qebblen ara asemmad usrid : Meḍlen-t

uksar /yemḍel uksar. Amyag mḍel d amasay, acku deg umedya amezwaru ila

asemmad usrid (t), ma deg umedya wis sin ur t-ili ara.

b) Asuddem n umyag seg yisem

Di kra n tegnatin, yettili-d usuddem n umyag s tmerna n walɣac s- i yisem. Alɣac s- qqaren-as

alɣac amyagan, acku yettarra-d isem d amyag : « Tikwal, yettili-d usileɣ n yimyagen seg

yisem s tmerna n ulɣac amyagan s-7. » (Haddadou, 2011: 87).

Si tama-s Mahrouche (2001: 59), yura-d: « Asuddem n umyag seg yisem, yettili-d s usezwer n

ulɣac amyagan s- i yisem8. » Ma yella Tidjet (1997: 79), yurad: « Asenṭeḍ n ulɣac amyagan s-

akked tayunt mačči d tamyagant, isem neɣ aferdis anfalan (awalmesli), yettakk-d amyag

aramsuk9. »

Md : siwel < s + awal, smiṭṭew < s + imeṭṭi, ssignew < s + igenni, snuffes < s + nnefs,

sɛukkez < s + aɛekkaz, smuhbel < s + amehbul.

7 « Le verbalisateur s- pemet, dans certains cas, de former des verbes à partir de nom. » 8 « La dérivation d’un verbe à partir d’un nom, elle s’obtient par la préfixation du verbalisateur s- à un nom. » 9 « La combinaison du morphème verbalisateur s- avec une unité non-verbal, nom ou élément expressif (onomatopée), donne un verbe intransitif. »


15

Asuddem n yisem

Di tmaziɣt, yettili-d usuddem n yisem seg umyag akked yisem.

a) Asuddem n yisem seg umyag

Ilmend n wayen i d-yenna Tidjet (1997: 81) d Mahrouche (2001: 58-59), seg umyag nezmer

ad d-nessuddem : isem n tigawt d yisem akmam, isem n umeskar, isem n wallal d urbib.

- Isem n tigawt d yisem akmam10

Tidjet (1997 : 81), yenna-d ɣef yisem n tigawt d yisem akmam dakken « i sin yid-sen

ttwasilɣen s yiwet n talɣa (ulac tamgirda ibanen gar sin n yisuddimen-a) 11».

Ma yella ɣef wamek i nezmer ad nessemgired gar talɣiwin-nsen, yenna-d Haddadou

(2011: 83-84): « Melmi llant snat n talɣiwin, zemrent ad mgaradent, ama s temlellit

tamsislant (abeddel n teɣra neɣ n tergalin), ama s ubeddel n tewsit neɣ n umḍan12. »

- Abeddel n teɣra

Amyag Isem n tigawt Isem akmam

Cercer Acercer Acercur/acercar

Ekmes Akmas Akemmus

Bbuzen Abuzen Abazin

- Abeddel n tergalin

Amyag Isem n tigawt Isem akmam

Aḍen Aḍan Aṭṭan

- Abeddel n tewsit

Amyag Isem n tigawt (amalay) Isem akmam (unti)

Sref Asraf Tasraft

- Abeddl n umḍan

Amyag Isem n tigawt (asuf) Isem akmam (asget)

Fres Afras Ifrasen

10

Wali talɣiwin-nsen di tesmsirin n yisem 11 « les deux nominaux sont réalisés par une même forme (il n’y a pas de distinction marquée entre les deux dérivées). » 12 « Quand les deux formes existent, elles peuvent être distinguées, soit par une alternance phonétique (vocalique ou consonantique), soit par une alternance de genre ou de nombre. »


16

- Isem n umeskar13

Isem n umeskar yeskanay-d win ixedmen tigawt, s umata, yettili-d s usezwer n ulɣac am-

(neɣ yiwen seg yimcalayen-is) i umyag. Tidjet (1997: 83), yenna-d dakken isem n

umeskar « yemmal-d win ixedmen tigawt […] neɣ win yettwassnen s tulmist ibanen

[…]14».

Haddadou (2011 : 84), yebder-d kraḍ n yiskimen n yisem n umeskar i yellan deg akk

tantaliwin : (t)am- (amellaẓu, amgallu), (t)an- (anelmad, anesbaɣur), ar1er2r2ar3

(azeddam).

- Isem n wallal15

Isem n wallal yemmal-d taɣawsa swacu i tettwaxdam neɣ tettmaga tigawt, yettili-d s

tmerna n ulɣac as-/is/am/im i umyag. Tidjet (1997: 83-84), yenna-d dakken isem n wallal

« yemmal-d taɣawsa swayes ara neg tigawt […]. Yettwasileɣ s usezwer n walɣac s- […].

Di kra n tegnatin yettwasileɣ s walɣac am- 16. » Ilmend n Haddadou (2011 : 85), Isem n

wallal yemmal-d iɣil neɣ taɣawsa i ikeččmen deg tigawt neɣ deg waddad i d-yemmal

umyag.

Tamawt :

Nniqal, yal amyag i d-yemmalen tikti n umeskar, nezmer ad nessileɣ seg-s isem n

umeskar akked yisem n wallal, maca deg tuget n tantaliwin drus n yimayagen i mazal sɛan

snat n talɣiwin-nni neɣ yiwet seg-sent. Anect-a s tmentilt n yireṭṭalen i yuɣen amkan n

wawalen n tmaziɣt. Amedya, ismawen n yimeskaren n yimyagen aweḍ akked wet llan

kan di tatergit n Uheggar : amawaḍ (ilemẓi), amawat (win yekkaten allal n uẓawan, d

ameksa). Isem n wallal n umyag ergel yella kan di tatergit n Uheggar (taserǧalt),

tamaziɣt n Lmerruk alemmas (argal) akked teqbaylit (asergel) (Haddadou, 2011: 85-86).

- Arbib17

Arbib di tmaziɣt, ila akk ticraḍ tinisamin : tawsit (aberkan – taberkant), amḍan (iberkanen

– tiberkanin), addad (aberkan – uberkan). Deg wayen yerzan talɣa, arbib yettwasileɣ seg

yimyagen n tɣara. Ma deg wayen yerzan tawuri-ines, yezmer ad yili d aseɣru n tefyirt

tanisemt.

13

wali talɣiwin n yisem n umeskar di temsirin n yisem 14 « il réfère à ce qui accomplit l’action […] ou ce qui est caractérisé par un état déterminé […]. » 15

Wali talɣiwin n yisem n wallal di temsirin n yisem 16 « Il exprime l’objet inanimé qui intervient dans l’action […]. Il est obtenu par préfixation du morphème s- […].

Dans certains cas il est obtenu par le morphème am- ». 17

wali talɣiwin n urbib di temsirin n yisem.


17

Tamawt

Ilmend n Haddadou (2011 : 87), kra n yismawen kkan-d seg yimyagen yejlan, amedya, isem

argaz yekka-d seg umyag regeh < regez, isem tawwurt yekka-d seg umyag wer (rgel,

sekker), ma yella isem amaziɣ mgaraden yimura ɣef umyag iseg d-yekka, yezmer yekka-d

seg umyag aheɣ (aker, kkes) neɣ seg umyag ezzeɣ (ddu s zzux). Imyagen iseg d-kkan

yismawen i d-nebder mazal ttuseqdacen kan di tatergit, jlan di tantaliwin-nniḍen.

b) Asuddem n yisem seg yisem

Yettili-d usuddem n yisem seg yisem s tmerna n yizwiren ams- (amsebrid), war- (warisem),

ar-(arusrid), bu (bu yiles), mm (mm texxamin), at (at wexxam), s tmerna n tecreḍt n wunti i

yisem amalay (aqcic-taqcict) neɣ s temlellit n teɣra (Acercer > acercur).

IV.1.2. Asuddem anfalan

Asuddem anfalan yemhaz nezzeh di tmaziɣt, di kra n tantaliwin, yezmer ad d-yesken amur

agejdan n umawal (Haddadou, 2011: 89). S wawal-nniḍen, amur s wazal-is n umawal amaziɣ

yuleɣ s ubrid n usuddem anfalan (Tidjet, 1997: 98).

Awalmesli

Yettili-d usileɣ n wawalmesli ilmend n wamek i t-nsell (ilmend n tmesliwt-ines) : adariz n

ugama, ssut n yiɣersiwen : mmiɛew, smiɛew, asmiɛew (Haddadou, 2011 : 89-90). S usemmi-

ya yezmer ad yili ufares n tutlayt tagraɣlant, acku medden akk (imsiwal) sellen s yiwet n

tarrayt.

Llan sin n yiberdan n usuddem anfalan :

a) Allus :

- Allus n wadda argalan i wawal yesɛan snat n tergalin d teɣri tilemt (r1ɣr2r1ɣr2<

r1ɣr2 ) : ččew > ččewčew, ṭeb > ṭebṭeb, hew > hewhew, cer > cercer, gel >

gelgel.

- Allus n tergalt tamezwarut (r1r1ɣr1er2 < r1r1er2) : ggugem < ggem.

- Allus n tergalt taneggarut (r1e r2 r2e r2 < r1r1e r2) : qesses < eqqes.

- Allus n tergalt talemmast d tmerna n teɣri (r1 r2 ɣ r2e r3 < r1 r2e r3) : zrireg <

zreg, xbibeḍ < xbeḍ.

- Allus n tergalt tis kradet akked temlellit n teɣra i umyag ilan kuzet n tergalin:

berquqec < berqec.

b) Timerna n yiwsilen :


18

Asuddem s tmerna n yiwsilen nettaf-it di tanaliwin n Ugafa akked tatergit. S umata,

iwsilen lan azal n ucemmet, maca llan yizwiren akked yidfiren i d-yemmalen azal n

usemẓi/acebbeḥ am udfir –c. Di kra n tantaliwin, iwsilen n usuddem sruḥen azal-nsen

anfalan, awsil irennu ɣer wadda war ma ibeddel-it; meḥsub yella-d ugmawal n wawal

asuddim, anida awsil d wadda uɣalen ttbinen am wakken d yiwet n tayunt : aɛrur-arur. Di

tegnatin am ti, ma yella awsil mazal yettuseqdac deg wawalen-nniḍen, nezmer ad t-

nessemgired ɣef wadda, maca ma yella ur t-nettaf ara deg wawalen-nniḍen yuɛer ad t-

nessemgired fell-as. Iwsilen n usuddem anfalan aṭas i yellan, yerna ttbeddilen si tantala

ɣer tayeḍ (Haddadou, 2011: 91-93).

Iwsilen n usuddem anfalan zemren ad ilin d izwiren, d imgiren neɣ d idfiren (Haddadou,

2011: 93-95) :

- C : derɣec < aderɣal + c.

- H : hales < h + ales.

- K : akeffus < k + afus.

- J : jenṭeḍ < j + enṭeḍ.

- F : ffunzer < f + tinzert.

- Ḥ : ḥnuneḍ < ḥ + enneḍ.

- Ɛ : aɛenzar < ɛ + tinzert.

- L : alṭaḍ < l + aḍaḍ.

- (a) ber : aberku < ber + erku.


19

IV. 2. Asuddes

Asuddes d asdukel n sin n yinmawalen neɣ ugar.

Dubois d wiyaḍ (1999 : 106), uran-d: « asuddes d asileɣ n tayunt tasnamkant seg yiferdisen

imawalanen i izemren ad sɛun timanit deg tutlayt 18».

Asuddes ɣer Tidjet (1997: 105) « d tarrayt taseddasant n usileɣ n umawal. Tettili-d s usdukel

n tayunin timawalin […]19»

Llant snat n taggayin n wuddis : uddis asduklan d wuddis aduklan

a) Uddis asduklan

Uddis asduklan d asdukel gar snat n tayunin war assaɣ ajerruman. Deg wayen yerzan anamek

n wuddis, iferdisen swayes yemmug sruḥuyen anamek-nsen anasli iwakken ad d-fken anamek

amaynut yemgarad ɣef yinumak-nsen mi ara ilin yal yiwen iman-is (Haddadou, 2011: 98). Ma

yella deg wayen yerzan talɣa-s (n wuddis), iferdisen swayes yemmug sruḥuyen timanit-nsen

iwakken ad tili tmerniwt n talɣa tamaynut i ilan azal n yiwet n tayunt, taneggarut-a tqebbel

ticraḍ tinisamin (tawsit d umḍan). Ticraḍ-a sɛant assaɣ akked wuddis, mačči akked yiferdisen-

is yal yiwen iman-is :

Ma yella d ayen yeɛnan tawsit d umḍan, kra gar yismawen-a, zemren ad ilin deg

snat n talɣiwin n tewsit d umḍan. Ma d wiyiḍ, ur ttbeddilen ara. Ad d-nesmekti

belli isem uddis yettwaḥsab d yiwen n wawal, ɣef waya, abeddel n tewsit neɣ n

umḍan ur yettili ara deg yal aferdis weḥd-s, maca deg wawal akken ma yella

amzun d isem aḥerfi (Imarazene, 2016: 35).

Haddadou (2011: 99), yebder-d snat n talɣiwin i d-yettuɣalen s waṭas :

- Isem + isem: aɣesmar < iɣes + tamart.

- Amyag + isem: amagriṭṭij < mager + iṭṭij.

b) Uddis aduklan

Uddis aduklan d asemlil gar sin n yismawen s wassaɣ ajerruman (n) : isem + n + isem. Deg

tuget, tettili-d temsertit gar tenzeɣt (n) akked tergalt tamezwarut n yisem ara tt-id- iḍefren

(Haddadou, 2011: 101).

Uddis aduklan yettili-d kan s usdukel n yismawen, ur yezmir ara ad yemmag s yiferdisen-

nniḍen, acku tanzeɣt (n) tetteqqen kan gar yismawen. S wakka, isem wis sin yettili-d deg

waddad amaruz, tawuri-s d asemmad n yisem.

18 « Par composition, on désigne la formation d’une unité sémantique à partir d’éléments lexicaux susceptibles d’avoir par eux-mêmes une autonomie dans la langue. » 19 « C’est un procédé syntaxique de formation du lexique. Elle consiste en l’assemblage d’unités lexicales […]. »


20

Asget d wunti n wuddisen iduklanen ttḥazen kan isem amezwaru : awtul n lexla - iwtal n lexla

; tawtult n lexla ; tiwtal n lexla. S wawal-nniḍen, ticraḍ tigejdanin (tawsit, amḍan d waddad) n

wuddis aduklan rzant kan isem amezwaru :

Isem wis sin n wuddis, ur d-iḍerru ara fell-as ubeddel almend n tewsit d umḍan.

Ay-a yettili-d ɣef yisem amezwaru kan. Ma d wis sin, yettili d asemmad n yisem

amezwaru, talɣa-s d tarawsant. Akken ad d-nessken tawsit, amḍan neɣ addad n

wuddisen-a, nettuɣal kan ɣer talɣa n yisem amezwaru (Imarazene, 2016: 36).


21

Iɣbula

Berkai (A), 2009, Lexique de la linguistique : Français-Anglais-Tamazight, ACHAB, Tizi-Ouzou.

Chaker (S), 1991, Manuel de linguistique berbère I, Bouchene, Alger.

Dubois (J.) et all., 1999, Dictionnaire de linguistique et des sciences du langage, Larousse, Paris.

Haddadou (M-A), 2000, Le guide de la culture berbère, Ina-yas, Alger.

Haddadou (M-A), 2011, Précis de lexicologie amazighe, ENAG, Alger.

Idir (A), 2019, Grammaire du berbère (kabyle) : I. morphologie, BERRI, Bejaia.

Imarazene (M.), 2007, Manuel de syntaxe berbère, HCA, Alger.

Imarazene (M), 2014, Eléments de morpho-syntaxe kabyle, El-Amel, Tizi-Ouzou.

Imarazene (M), 2016, Awfus n tjerrumt n teqbaylit, El-Amel, Tizi-Ouzou.

Mahrazi (M), 2013, Lexique des sciences du langage : Amazigh/Français/Anglais, Tira, Bejaia.

Mahrouche (M. L.), 2001, Caractéristiques lexicales de la poésie kabyle ancienne, mémoire

de magister de linguistique amazighe, Université de Bejaia.

Tidjet (M.), 1997, Polysémie et abstraction dans le lexique amazigh (kabyle), mémoire de

magister de linquistique amazigh, Université de Bejaia.


22

Amawal

Awal s tmaziɣt Agdazal-is s trumit Aɣbalu Tasnawalt Lexicologie Berkai (2009 : 114) Amawal Lexique Berkai (2009 : 114) Tamawalt Vocabulaire / Taggayt Catégorie Berkai (2009 : 69) Taseddast Syntaxe Berkai (2009 : 159) Asuddem Dérivation Berkai (2009 : 81) Asuddes Composition Berkai (2009 : 74) Tamessunt Encyclopédie Berkai (2009 : 89) Tamɣiwent Communauté Berkai (2009 : 72) Ammud Corpus / Asiḍenwal Statistique lexicale Berkai (2009 : 155) Inaw Discours Berkai (2009 : 84) Imeslic Phonème Berkai (2009 : 135) Azmul Signe Berkai (2009 : 152) Amunim Monème Mahrazi (2013 : 115) Tadukelt Synapsie Berkai (2009 : 158) Anmawal Lexème Berkai (2009 : 114) Tayinawt Lexie Berkai (2009 : 114) Asemlal Complexe Berkai (2009 : 73) Aswaɣ Factitif Berkai (2009 : 93) Attwaɣ Passif Berkai (2009 : 133) Amyaɣ Réciproque Berkai (2009 : 145) Amilan Substantif / Imettguccel Déterminé Berkai (2009 : 82) Amguccel Déterminant Berkai (2009 : 82) Awuran Fonctionnel Berkai (2009 : 94) Tanzeɣt Préposition Berkai (2009 : 140) Asagel Subordination Berkai (2009 : 156) Imsugal Subordonnants Berkai (2009 : 156) Awissin Secondaire Berkai (2009 : 150) Tasɣunt Conjonction Mahrazi (2013 : 47) Amernu Adverbe Berkai (2009 : 57) Tazelɣa Particule Berkai (2009 : 133) Imsissen Présentatif Berkai (2009 : 140) Aḍran Métathèse Berkai (2009 : 118) Asuddem Dérivation Berkai (2009 : 81) Tazefazft Sifflante Berkai (2009 : 152) Tacewcawt Chuintante Mahrazi (2013 : 40) Amsuk Transitif Berkai (2009 : 161) Aramsuk Intransitif Berkai (2009 : 108) Amasay Mixte Berkai (2009 : 152) Agmawal Lexicalisation Berkai (2009 : 114) Awalmesli Onomatopée / Adariz Bruit Berkai (2009 : 68)

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