University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj- Bouira Level: Master 01 Management Teacher: Louradi . A

Lesson : Paragraph writing

Constructing a clearly defined paragraph is paramount in English language . a Good paragraph is the key to a good essay .

1./ Paragraph Definition

A paragraph is a groupe related sentences organized around a central topic. In fact, the cardinal rule of paragraph writing is to focus on one idea. A solidly written paragraph takes its readers to a clear path without detours .

3./Four essential elements

In order to write a good paragraph ,you need to understand the four pivotal elements of paragraph writing : unity,order,coherenve,and completeness,and how each one contribute of the whole .

a.unity: it beginswith the topic sentence . it maens every paragraph has one single controlling idea that expressed in its topic statement .a paragraph is unified around this main idea, with the supporting sentences providing details and discussion . to achieve unity i.e to develop a main point .

b. / Order: it refers to the way you organize your supporting sentences .

c./ Coherence: is the quality that makes your writing understandable , sentences should be flow smoothly and logically( use transition words …

d./Completeness: it means well-developd .if the sentences clearly and sufficiently support the main idea , then your paragraph is complete .

4.Paragraph Structure

A paragraph has three principal parts : the topic sentence , the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence .

1. The Topic (focus )sentence : sets the parameters for a paragraph . it describes the paragraph content and direction . it states the main topic and the overall idea that you want to discuss . it usually occurs as the first sentence of the paragraph.

2. Supporting Sentnces ( Body /Details /Convining Reasons) :

A paragraph contains facts , statements and examples which guide you to a full understanding of the main idea supporting sentences are called so because they give details to support, to explain, to clarify, to illuminate , to describe , to illustrate ,and to expand the idea expressed in the topic sentence . generally it has more than two supporting sentences

3.The Concluding (closing) Sentence : it is the last sentence of the paragraph . it summarises and restates the information that has been presented . the closing sentence leaves the reader with a final thought. The easiest way to write an acceptable conclusion is to reward the introductory sentence.

Task : Develop the following topic

-Music Shapes our mood

-Televition shows are influential

University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj- Bouira Level: Master 01 Management Teacher: Louradi . A

Models of letter- writing.

A. Letter Writing

A good letter must be well thought out and clearly organized on paper, Its message should

be understandable to the reader, and its appearance on the Page should be well-balanced.

Letters that are well-organized inform and content generally follow a pattern having three

basic components:

1. a salutation.

2. a general message (the body).

3. closing and signature.

B. a Memorandum

First,when someone wishes to write to an other within the same company he should send a

memorandum. Memos are used to communicate with other employees, regardless of where

the employees may be located whether in the same office, in the same building, or in a

branch office. the memo parts: to: John Quinn

there is no need for an address if the memo goes to workers in the same company. Titles like

Mr and Mrs are generally not used in a Memo Address. from: Maria Landry

Instead of a signature, the sender signs his or her initials, work titles Like manager are

optional.

date: January 4, 2017 The date in a memo is usually written on the left side. subject:

Company Health Insurance Policy The subject line is sometimes abbreviated as “SUB:” The

subject line tells what the memo is about. Body:The body of a memo discusses the subject,

Like business letters, most memos follow a direct organizational plan.These messages

present the main idea in the first paragraph and then follow with the necessary details to

support the opening statements. Finally, the everyday memo concludes with suggestions for

future act or requests guidance on future action.

Example of mémorandum:

To: All Employées

From: Greg Hamlin, Director of Human Resources Date: December 15, 201X Subject:

Additional Vacation Day

The board of directors has approved one additional vacation day for every employee.

This decision is our way of expressing gratitude for the mostProductive and profitable year in

the history of the Maxwell Corporation.

With the approval of your department head, you may select any day Between January2 and

June 30. This day of vacation is in addition to year-end bonuses you will receive soon.

Thank you for all you have done to make the year uccessful, and best wishes For a healthy and happy

new year.

University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj- Bouira Level: Master 01 Management Teacher: Louradi . A

Money and income

The money used in a country –euros , dollars , yen , etc – its currency . Money in notes (banknotes ) and coins is called cash . most money , however , consists of bank deposit : money that people and organizations have in bank account , most of this is on paper –existing in theory only – and only about ten percent of it exists in the form of cash in the bank .

Personal finance

All the money a person receives or earns as payment is his or her income . this can includes :

- A salary : money paid monthly by an employer , orwages : money paid by the day or houre , usually received weekly

- Overtime : money received for working extra hours - Commission : money paid to salespeople and agents – a certain percentage of

the income the employee generates . - a bonus : extra money given for meeting a target or for good financial results - Fees : money paid to professional people such as lowyers and artitects - pension: money paid by a company or the government to a retired person - Social securtity : money paid by the government to the unemployed and sick

people Salaries and wages are often paid after deducation such as social security contribution Amount of money that people have to spend regularly are outgoing , these often include :

- Living expenses : money spent on everyday needs such as food clothes ,and public transport

- Bills : requests for the payment on mopney owed for services such as electricity , gas and telephone connections

- Rent : the money paid for the use of house or flat - Health insurance : financial protection against medical expences for sickness

or accidental injuries - Tax: money paid to finance government spending

A financial plan , showing how much money a person or organization expects to earn and spend is called a budget .

University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj- Bouira Level: Master 01 Management Teacher: Louradi . A

Wh- Question Words:

1. Who - Asking about people (Who are you? Who likes Chicken?)

. What - Asking about things or activities (What is this? What sports do you like?)

3. -What time - Asking for a specific time (What time is it?)

4. -What ... like - Asking about characteristics (What is your sister like?)

5. When - Asking about general or specific times (When is the movie? When is English class?)

6. Where - Asking about places (Where is the school? Where is the restaurant?)

7. Which - Asking to specify a specific thing or person from a number of things or

people (Which pencil is mine? Which do you like better, the dog or the cat?)

8. How - Combined with many words to ask questions about specific characteristics,

qualities, quantities, etc. (How much? How long? How often?)

Activity 01: Complete with: who, what, where, why, when, how

1. …………………………… is your name?

2. …………………………… do you live?

3. …………………………… is your birthday?

4. …………………………… are you wearing a coat?

5. …………………………… many sisters have you got?

6. …………………………… is your English teacher?

Activity 02:. Ask questions for the underlined words:

1 a. …………………………………………………………………………………… ?

b. George often has a bath.

2a. …………………………………………………………………………………… ?

B. Mike eats corn-flakes for breakfast every morning.

3a. …………………………………………………………………………………… ?

b. The teacher is writing some examples on the board.

4. a.…………………………………………………………………………………… ?

b.Tom is watching a film now.

5. a.………………………………………………………………………………..… ?