Dis Risk Reduct

7/30/2019 Dis Risk Reduct

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A hazard in itself is not a disaster.


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It has the potential to become one when it happens to populationswho have certain vulnerabilities and insufficient capacity to respond

to it.

The potential or probability of a hazard becoming a disaster is calledrisk.


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Disaster risk reduction / disaster risk management

is about avoiding these risks (prevention) or limiting them

(preparedness / mitigation), by focusing on a populations

vulnerabilities and capacities.


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Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) - areas of focus:

1. Make disaster risk reduction a priority

Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a stronginstitutional basis for implementation.

2. Know the risks and take action

Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.

3. Build understanding and awareness

Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety andresilience at all levels.

4. Reduce the underlying risk factors (vulnerabilities and exposure)

5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

by focusing on a populations vulnerabilities and capacities.


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Role ISDR, UNDP, OCHA and CADRI

ISDR

The coordination body for the implementation of overall disaster risk

reduction policy in accordance with the Hyogo Framework for Action

Core function: advocacy for disaster risk reduction; internationalclearinghouse for information on disaster reduction strategies

UNDP Support the implementation of disaster risk reduction policy at the country-

level

Core function: building national capacities for disaster risk management;

providing technical expertise to support capacity-building efforts (Bureau

for Crisis Prevention and Recovery)


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Role ISDR, UNDP, OCHA and CADRI

OCHA: strengthening disaster preparedness at all levels:a. Preparedness of OCHA to respond

b. Preparedness of the international humanitarian community torespond

c. Preparedness of national /regional authorities to respond (incollaboration with UNDP, ISDR and IFRC)

CADRI: composed of ISDR, UNDP and OCHA.

Set up to build capacity of national governments on disasterrisk management strategy and policy


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Disaster Risk Reduction Cycle

Recovery

Prevention

PreparednessResponse

Disaster

EPR planning


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RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY (EXPOSURE)__________________________________

CAPACITY


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From a gender perspective:

RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY (identified through genderanalysis)

__________________________________________

CAPACITY (identified through gender analysis, lessons

learned, etc.)


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In normal language:

Identify the nature of the physical hazard, such as the impacts

probability, location and intensity.

Determine the human vulnerability to the risk, by identifying

exposure and weaknesses.

Identify the capacities and available resources for managing andreducing vulnerability.

Determine acceptable levels of risk


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Disasters affect everyone, but they arenot gender neutral:

Global statistics:

In natural disasters 80% of the victims are women.

Men normally form the majority of victims in armed conflicts

since they are combatants and have more risks of losing their

life.


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The risks and vulnerabilities that people face from natural

disasters are as much a product of their social situation as their

physical environment.

Social networks, power relationships, knowledge and skills,

gender roles, health, wealth, and location, all affect risk and

vulnerability to disasters and the capacity to respond to them.

Vulnerabilities and capacities of individuals and social groups

evolve over time and determine peoples abilities to cope with

disaster and recover from it.


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This understanding needs to be applied to the following threeareas:

Analysing the (possible) impacts of disaster

Analysing local capacities to reduce risk and respond to

disaster

Designing programmes


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What are the consequences if gender is not taken intoconsideration in DRR?

Inadequate risk identification and risk assessment

Inappropriate policy and programming response, prioritisation and

financing of risk at national and community levels

Ineffective disaster risk reduction interventions and outcomes

Interventions can create or worsen gender inequalities and

vulnerabilities.


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Risk assessment process from gender perspective

Identify the nature of the physical hazard, such as the impacts

location, intensity, and probability.

E.g.:

Houses built too close to a river/ sea/ mountain slope, etc.: it is often

the poor and vulnerable persons who cannot afford to live in safer

places.


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Identify exposure and weaknesses (vulnerabilities)

Roles in society:

- Reproductive role of women often make them homebound, which makes them

particularly vulnerable in earthquakes and hurricanes.

- Cultural norms can prevent women and girls from learning skills such as swimming orclimbing, while societal or religious dress codes may be impractical in time of disaster.

Economic aspects: poverty may affect the level of education and awareness, leading to

less access to information about potential risks. Poverty can lead to lack of safe areasfor planting crops and accessing markets. Poverty can also cause bad pre-disaster

health conditions. Poverty restricts choice.


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Identify exposure and weaknesses (vulnerabilities)

Physical safety:

- Loss of housing during disaster means that families are often forced to

relocate to shelters or move in with relatives or neighbours, where women,

girls, boys and men may not be safe.

- In the aftermath of disasters women and children are at risk of becoming

victims of trafficking, domestic and sexual violence.

- Male / female migration during disasters can lead to an increase in unsafe

sexual practices for both women and men, and lead to the risk of women

being forced into unsafe transactional sex.


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Focus on women: what capacities do they have in society?

Risk mapping of hazards.

Mobilizing communities to prepare for and respond to disasters

Assessing damage and impact of disasters

Identifyingmissing community members

Agents of change

Documents

Dis Risk Reduct