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Español III
el 3 de diciembre 2014
Madrid in the snow
¡Bienvenidos!METALa lección
1. Las Obras
2. Repaso de los verbos en el Pretérito Regular and irregular cases VIDEO DE REALIDADES DOS
VIDEO de Capítulo 3A En México
Preparar para el Video de Realidades 2 En Busca de la Verdad
5. Realidades 2 Página 142 Actividad 19
Gramática TAREA para hoy
¡ Nadie Pudo Venir !
Se acaba
Complementos Directos
Complementos directos
Me te lo la (le =speaking to a male in Spain and South America)Nos os los las
Direct object pronounsPosition LawI see Mary. Yo la veo.
Using the direct object pronouns… in English
Direct object pronouns answer Whom? Who or What?
We see her. La vemos.
She sees me. Ella me ve.
She sees us. Ella nos ve.
They know us. Ellos nos conocen.
We know them. Nosotros los conocemos.
Gramática
Direct Object Pronouns: A
The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.
Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
The direct object can also be a person.Sherry hit Bill.(DO=Bill)
The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?Bill hit the ball.Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.
Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.Example 1Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.Example 2Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.
When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:me (me)te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)los, las (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.Tengo = I haveTengo la pluma. = I have the pen.La tengo. = I have it.The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).
Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.Juan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.andMaría la tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.María la tiene. = Mary has it.
However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.butJuan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.
Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.but
María los tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.María los tiene. = Mary has them.
Look at how Spanish and English are different."Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."
Differences:
1. "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la2. "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)3. The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes
before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.
When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:John eats the soup.John = JuanJohn eats = Juan comeJohn eats the = Juan come laJohn eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.
Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:I eat the soup.I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat the = Yo como laI eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:
I eat the soup.Como la sopa.
Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat it. = Yo como la.This is completely incorrect!The correct translation would be:I eat it. (the soup)La como.
As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.
Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.Actividad- para practicar
Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:
la como
lo como
la leo Yo leo la revista.
lo leo Yo leo el libro.
la veo Yo veo la película.
lo veo Veo el mono.
la tengo Tengo la manzana.
lo tengo Tengo el cepillo.
la compro Compro la blusa.
lo compro Compro el perro.
Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.la como
I eat it (feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)
lo como
I eat it (masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)
la leo
I read it
lo leo
I read it
la veo
I see it
lo veo
I see it
la tengo
I have it
lo tengo
I have it
la compro
I buy it
lo compro
I buy it
In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.Juan la come. (la comida)
Juan eats it.
María lo tiene. (el libro)
María has it.
El chico la compra. (la pluma)
The boy buys it.
La chica lo ve. (el edificio)
The girl sees it.
Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico)
All of You read it.
Now, some examples of plural direct objects.Juan come dos sándwiches.Los come. or Juan los come.María tiene tres libros.Los tiene. or María los tiene.El chico compra dos revistas.Las compra. or El chico las compra.
La chica ve dos coches.Los ve. or La chica los ve.
Ella compra dos televisores.Los compra. or Ella los compra.
Tenemos dos mesas.Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.
Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.
I know you.Te conozco.
She loves him.Ella lo ama. Ella lo quiere.
She loves me.Ella me ama.
Juan sees her.Juan la ve.
They call us.Ellos nos llama
We call them.Los llamamos.
De la página- 138 de Realidades 2
Realidades 2 Al Practicar
Actividades.....
1. Actividad 12 página 1382. Actividad 13 página 1393. Actividad 15 página 140
Capítulo 3A Gramática
El PretéritoThe Preterite tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past. something that was completed-finished in the past
Verbos regulares
-AR
-é-aste-ó-amos-asteis-aron
Verbos -er e -ir regulares
-í-iste-ió-imos-isteis-ieron
______________________________________
Verbos irregulares
IRREGULAR CASES IN PRETÉRITO
Case I irregular below
DAR
DiDisteDio dimos disteisdieron
VER
ViVisteVioVimosVisteisVieron
Case II irregular
Caer
CaíCaísteCayóCaímosCaísteisCayeron.
OIR
OíOísteOyóOímosOísteisOyeron
CREER
CreíCreísteCreyóCreímosCreísteisCreyeron
LEER
LeíLeísteLeyóLeímosLeísteisleyeron
Case II also has-
All –uir verbs
ConstruirInfluir.....
Construir
ConstruíConstruísteConstruyóConstruímosConstruísteisConstruyeron
Case III SER AND IR
FuiFuisteFueFuimosFuisteisFueron
Ser
FuíFuisteFuéFuimosFuisteisFueron
JOTA group
Case IV
Jota group
All –cir verbs take the “J”
Decir
DijeDijstedijodijimosdijisteisdijeron
TRAER goes with the case IV verbs
TrajeTrajiste
TrajoTrajimosTrajisteisTrajeron
Case V “V” group
ESTAR TENER ANDAR
Estar
ESTUVEESTUVISTEESTUVOESTUVIMOSESTUVISTEISESTUVIERONANDAR
ANDUVEANDUVISTEANDUVOANDUVIMOSANDUVISTEISANDUVIERON
TENER
TUVE
TUVISTE
TUVO
TUVIMOS
TUVISTEIS
TUVIERON
Case VI Los independientes
Poner
PusePusistePusoPusimosPusisteisPusieron
Poder
Pude
Pudiste
Pudo Pudimos Pudisteis Pudieron
VenirVineViniste
VinoVinimosVinisteisVinieron
HacerHiceHicisteHizoHicimosHicisteishicieronSaber: to know a fact
Not used in conversationIn spoken Spanish it is used to mean
“to have found out....!”
Supe SupisteSupoSupimos Supisteissupieron
knowing is a process
Saber- In order to say that you “knew....something” you must use th eimperfect tense form of the verb
SabíaSabíasSabíaSabíamosSabíaissabían
Yo no sabía la respuesta.
Querer - to want
You can not use the preperite form of the verb QUERER since ¨wanting¨ implies an on going sense of desire......
In conversational Spanish you must use the Imperfect form of the conjugation to indicate “wanting...or wanted”
Preterite form of the verb QUERER
QuiseQuisisteQuisoQuisimosQuisisteisQusieron
In spoken Spanish this means to have refused when the word NO comes before each conjugate.Yo no quise ir. I refused to go.
No qusimos ir de compras.We refused to go shopping.
No quiseNo quisisteNo quisoNi quisimosNo quisisteisNo quisieron
To expres “I wanted, you wanted, he/she wanted....” you must use the imperfect form of the verb querer.
QueríaQuerías
QueríaQueríamosQueríaisQuerían
Yo quería estudiar en la biblioteca.I wanted to study in the library.
____________________
Case VII
Stem changing verbs
Dormir
Dormí
Dormiste
Durmió
Dormimos
Dormisteis
Durmieron
PEDIR
Pedí
Pediste
Pidió
Pedimos
Pedisteis
pidieron
Other e to i stem-changing verbs.....
Servir reir pedir dormir sonrei.........
________________________________________
Case VIII
-Car qué
-Gar GUÉ
-Zar CÉ in the yo form
Tocar
Toqué
Tocaste
Tocó
Tocamos
Tocasteis
tocaron
-GAR verbs
LLEGAR
Llegué
Llegaste
Llegó
Llegamos
Llegasteis
llegaron
-ZAR verbs
Empezar
Empecé
Empezaste
empezó
Empezamos
Empezasteis
empezaron
fin
Estudien Uds. El pretérito
tarea
Realidades 2
