DIGITAL VIDEO PRODUCTION•Video Production Equipment•Shooting Video

BASIC AUDIO & VIDEO IN MULTIMEDIA

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTVideo Camera• Is the single most important piece of video equipment you will select.•Camera records the video signal to tape is the fundamental difference between the cameras.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTThe number and size of the CCDs, which directly affect image quality.

a camcorder "sees" the world through lenses. camera film records the scene in front of it: It picks up greater amounts of light from brighter parts of the scene, and lower amounts of light from darker parts of the scene.The lens in a camcorder also serves to focus light, but instead of focusing it onto film, it shines the light onto a small semiconductor

image sensor. This sensor, a charge-coupled device (CCD), measures light with a half-inch (about 1 cm) panel of 300,000 to 500,000 tiny light-sensitive diodes called photosites

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTLenses - This lens is a zoom, which is a combination of a normal, a wide angle and a telephoto lens. - The higher end video cameras have interchangeable lenses.

Wide angle Telephoto

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTFilters

- Camera filters can adjust the color or contrast of the image. - Types of camera filters:-

a. Polarizing Filter – can be used to eliminate glare from reflected

surface such as water and glass. - Reflected light can was out the color of an image especially outdoor also can reduces images saturation.

b. Diffusion Filter – Can be used to hide wrinkles and facial blemishes.

c. Mist Filter – Is used to create a mood by lightening the shadows in an image.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

d. Fog Filter – Can simulate fog and create a soft glow.

e. Color Graduated Filter – or color grad, add a color to a specific area

of an image.

f. Contrast Filter - Adjust the contrast of an image or its brightness and

darkness value. - Filter can reduces the amount of light that enters the lens without altering its color.

g. Ultraviolet Filter – can help to reduce atmospheric haze.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Polarizing Filter

Mist Filter

Fog Filter

Color Graduated Filter

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

Diffusion Filter

Contrast Filter

Ultraviolet Filter

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTTripodas

Tripod as opposed to a still photography tripod.Should provide smooth and steady movement.Usually comes is two pieces: the head and the legs.

Tripod Heads0 Part that control the movement of the camera.

0 Can pan the camera from side to side, or tilt it up and down by using the arm that attaches to the tripod head.

0 Camera connects to the tripod using a mounting system.

0 Camera screw come standard on most tripod and also have a level.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTTripods Legs

Stabilization Systems

0 Can be raised or lowered to adjust the tripod’s overall height.

0 Depending the style of the legs

0 Some can be spread and positioned at various angles.

0 A Steadicam is a camera support that uses a vest and an articulated arm to help support the video camera.

0 Other options include shoulder braces and specialized grips.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTLights

There are many types of lighting from which to choose.All light has a particular color temperature, measured in degrees Kelvin ( K ) .Different types of light also generate different amounts of heat.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTTypes of lights:-

a) Tungsten Lights

b) HMI Lights

0 Hot light because they reach extremely high temperature.

0 Be caution when working.

0 Hot lights.

0 More expensive and have same color temperature of daylight

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTc) Fluorescent Lights

d) Ellipsoidal Lights

0 Cool lights because they generate less heat.

0 Can be color balanced for either daylight or tungsten.

0 Known as a sportlight

0 Narrow beam of light with a defined edge.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

e) Broadlight / Floodlight

f) Focus Lens light

0 Spreads the light evenly over a large, broad area

0 Is a light whose beam can be adjusted to either the sportlight or floodlight position.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTg) Fresnel Lights

h) Cyc lights

0 Has a glass lens with concentric circles.

0 Used to evenly light large studio background called cycloramas.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

i) Softlight

0 Redirects or bounces the light to diffuse.

0 Light can be mounted overhead on lighting grid, mounted individually on stand, or joined together in lighting strips.

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTMicrophones

Most video camera come with a built-in microphone.Professional audio equipment uses XLR cables and connectors.Microphone can be handheld, wireless or mounted on a boom or camera.Microphone can be unidirectional ( pick up sound from one particular

direction )Microphone can be omnidirectional ( Optimized to pick up sound from all

directions )

VIDEO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENTHandheld Microphone

Lavalier microphone

Shotgun microphone

Capture audio from a distance

SHOOTING VIDEOComposition and Framing

The composition of the video frame is very important.There are other elements that make a good composition, some of

which are listed below:-Alter the viewpoint

Vary the angle

0 Where choose to place yourself with the camera in respect to the subject.

0 Try different vantage points, don’t just settle for the obvious one.

0 Moving yourself around with the camera

0 try angling the camera itself to create a feeling of dominance by looking down at your subject or inferiority by looking up your subject

SHOOTING VIDEOEmphasize the action

Crop the frame

0 Take note of the action in every shot.

0 Try various angles until you find the one that best emphasize it.

0 Focus the frame on the subject and eliminate any irrelevant images that detract your attention from the subject

SHOOTING VIDEO

Create balance or imbalance

Understand size and space

0 Create balance, or conversely imbalance, by not only manipulating space and the placement of objects, but als0 through the use of color.

0 Increase drama and impact by showing size in its relation to space

SHOOTING VIDEO

Study shapes and lines

Look for textures

0 Learn to take notice of shapes and lines.

0 See how lines can create perspective.

0 Textures appeal to our sense of touch, and can give the viewer a greater sense of realism.

SHOOTING VIDEO

Experiment with light

Create with color

0 Manipulate the light to see how it changes the image.

0 Adjust the contrast and then notice the subtleties in the shadows, highlights and grays.

0 Use color to create mood and enhance the image.

0 Subdue or intensify them

0 Try changing their hues

SHOOTING VIDEOFocus

Control over their camera’s focusZoomed in tightly on a subject, the camera can have trouble focusingSubject moving around a bit, the camera’s automatic focus may

change when you don’t want it.The focus to be intentionally blurry before becoming sharps.Focus in front of and behind its focus point is called depth of field.Field is considered shallow when the either the background or

foreground is blurry, whereas greater depth of field makes the entire image sharp.

SHOOTING VIDEOExposure

Is controlled by how mush light enters the lens.The opening of the lens through which the light passes is called its

aperture.

SHOOTING VIDEOAperture

Measured in increments called f-stops.The higher the f-stop, the lesser the amount of light that passes

through the lens.Control the opening of the aperture is called the iris.Which aperture remains open is called shutter speed.The more light enters through the lense

SHOOTING VIDEOLeveling the tripod

The ground upon which you set your tripod will not always be level.The level a tripod, adjust its legs until the air bubble becomes centered

in its target circle.Three tips to keep in mind when working which tripods to avoid risking possible damage to the camera.

a. Always level the tripod before attaching the camera.

b. Never move the tripod while the camera is still attached.

c. Always lock down the tripod’s tilt when you are not operating the camera.

SHOOTING VIDEOShooting Handheld

Shooting may be too tight to accommodate a tripod.Other times, you may want the camera to sway slightly to create a

mood or effect.When shooting handheld, responsibility to the viewer to prevent

motion sickness.Try to brace the camera using your body, or use an object in the field

to lean on.

SHOOTING VIDEOSetting the white balance

Daylight and artificial light have different color temperatures. Nee to periodically adjust the camera’s white balance.Setting the white balance is relatively simple:-

i. Check camera instruction manual for specific information. ii. Need focus the entire video frame on a white board or piece of paper and press the white balance button.