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Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Evaluation of Interoperability of Adaptive Hypermedia Systems:
testing the MOT to WHURLE conversion in a classroom setting
Alexandra Cristea1, Craig Stewart2, Tim Brailsford2 and Paul Cristea3
1 - Information System Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Computing Science, Technical
University Eindhoven2 - School of Computer Science and IT, University of
Nottingham3 - Digital Signal Processing Laboratory,
“Politehnica” University of Bucharest
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Outline
• Introduction• MOT• WHURLE• MOT2WHURLE conversion• Student Evaluation
– Hypotheses– Results
• Conclusion
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Introduction
• Creation of adaptive hypermedia content:– Extremely time intensive– Complex– Platform lockdown– Lack of standard tools
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Introduction
• Ideal creation of adaptive hypermedia content:– Automated (this will aid with the time
and complexity factors)– Interoperable – Standardised
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Introduction
• Our answer:– Develop a series of tools that will allow
for interoperability between different systems
– We use MOT as an authoring system to author materials for:• AHA! (an AEH)• WHURLE (an AEH)• Blackboard (a non-adaptive commercial
system)
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Introduction
• Here we present an evaluation of the authoring process using MOT and WHURLE
• A class of 31 students were introduced to this new authoring paradigm
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT
• My Online Teacher• Based on the LAOS framework• Is a generic AEH delivery system• Also a powerful and simple
authoring system– Web-form, therefore a non-technical
author can easily use it– Very flexible, as it is easy to extend
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT
• Domain Maps
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT
• Goal and Constraint Maps– AND/OR– Weights– Labels
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
WHURLE
• An adaptive XML learning environment
• Basic content building block: Chunk
• Structure applied using Lesson Plans
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT2WHURLE
• Currently a command line environment
• Conceptually maps the MOT Goal & Constraints map structure to the WHURLE Lesson Plan– A MOT Concept = WHURLE chunks(s)
• It does this using the MOT weights and labels.
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT2WHURLE
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT2WHURLE
• These rules are used to determine which MOT attributes are to be aggregated into WHURLE chunks.– ’35’ = visual– ’75’ = verbal– ‘0’ = common
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
MOT2WHURLE
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Student Evaluation
• A class of 31 students in the 4th year of study for a technical Masters degree at the University of Bucharest, Romania
• All subjected to a week long intensive course on AH
• After initial lectures, they were given the following task:
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Student Evaluation1. Create 2-3 MOT Domain Concept Maps, with
approximately 5-10 concepts on the http://e-learning.dsp.pub.ro/mot/ MOT server
2. The attributes of each concept were: title; keywords; introduction; text; conclusion and figure. With limits placed on the type and amount of content in each one (this was done so as that each group would not spend their limited time creating a vast corpus of information).
3. Create a single MOT Lesson (Goal & Constraints Map) using their Concepts maps.
4. Alter the lesson so that the weights and labels of each concept agreed with those described in the second Table previoiusly.
5. Run the ‘mot2whurle’ conversion program and copy the files to WHURLE.
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Student Evaluation6. Check that the WHURLE XML files are well-formed.7. Run and login to WHURLE to check that the lesson
matches their design and make any necessary changes.
8. Finally at the end of the week, each student was asked to complete a series of questionnaires: three generic SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaires, one for each system (MOT, mot2whurle and WHURLE) and a single specific questionnaire designed to determine their level of knowledge about each system, as well as to gather non-statistical information.
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Evaluation hypotheses• The hypotheses that we wished to examine were:
1. The systems (MOT, mot2whurle, WHURLE) are simple and intuitive to use, with a minimum amount of explanation.
2. The students understood the theoretical background (Adaptive Hypermedia, LAOS, Adaptive Strategies) of these systems.
3. The students understood the connection between LAOS and MOT.
4. The students used MOT purely for authoring adaptive hypermedia, and perceived it as such.
5. The students used WHURLE solely for delivering adaptive hypermedia, and perceived it as such.
6. Students consider automatic conversion between one-to-many or many-to-many adaptive hypermedia systems useful.
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Evaluation Results
• SUS scores:– MOT
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
use frequently
complex
easy
need support
well integrated
inconsistency
learn quickly
cumbersome
confident to use
need to learn a lot to use
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
• WHURLE
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
use frequently
complex
easy
need support
well integrated
inconsistency
learn quickly
cumbersome
confident to use
need to learn a lot to use
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
• MOT2WHURLE
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
use frequently
complex
easy
need support
well integrated
inconsistency
learn quickly
cumbersome
confident to use
need to learn a lot to use
Department of Computer Science
TU/e
eindhoven university of technology
Conclusion