DC Grid Modeling EMTP-RV UGM

DC grid modeling with EMTP-RV

EMTP-RV User Group Meeting April 3, 2012

Sébastien Dennetière – Rte / National Center for Grid Expertise

C1

C2

D1

E1

F1B6

B3

B1

B4

A1

B2

B5

1500 MW 500 MW

500 MW

1000 MW

100 MW

500 MW

Vdc control

1500 MW

1500 MW

+

380kVRMSLL /_0

C1

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

C2

D1

E1

A1

+155kVRMSLL /_0

F1

B1

B3

B2

+

380kVRMSLL /_0

EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

PRESENTATION LAYOUT

01. HVDC Grid – Context & Requirements

02. Available models in EMTP-RV

03. Next step : HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark

2


01

HVDC Grids Context and requirements

3


HVDC Grids

New contraints Increase in renewable power generation Increase in power trade across national borders Impossible to get permission to build new overhead lines

Technologies opportunities VSC HVDC Transmission well suited to DC Grid : change of power direction does not

require a change of polarity Smaller footprint of VSC well suited to offshore platform

Organisations to support the development of DC grids : Friends of SuperGrid

MedGrid TWENTIES …

Context

4


HVDC Grids

Concepts

5


HVDC Grids

Power flow control Each converter can control on DC side : P or Vdc Which converters will act as a slack bus (Vdc control) ? Global dispatcher is required

Very fast protections system and DC Circuit Breakers DC fault currents : higher magnitudes and steeper derivatives (only R) Initial transient mainly consists of capacitive discharging very high amplitude

Fast detection and tripping with DC CB(< 5ms)

Need for standardisation and functional specifications DC grids will grow organically

Converters from different manufacturers Functional specifications : DC fault withstand requirements Insulation co-ordination on DC side DC Grid master control Dynamic Performance Studies with control systems of every manufacturers…

Main challenges

6

Models for phasor domain studies : load-flow and

transient stability

Detailed models for EMT studies

Detailed and protected models for offline and real-

time EMT studies


DC Grids modeling

TWENTIES : European R&D project http://www.twenties-project.eu Rte proposed and developed in EMTP-RV a HVDC grid model A scale-down HVDC grid prototype will be built in 2012 and connected to a real-time

simulator

CIGRE B4 Study Committee : In 2009 WG B4-52 “HVDC Grid Feasibility Study”

In 2011 : B4-56: Guidelines for the preparation of “Grid Codes” for HVDC Grids B4-57: Guide for the development of models for HVDC converters in a HVDC grid B4-58: Load flow control and direct voltage control in a meshed HVDC Grid B4-59: Protection of HVDC Grids B4-60: Designing HVDC Grids for Optimal Reliability and Availability performance.

Rte involvement

7

http://www.twenties-project.eu/





02

Available models

8


HVDC Grid

Test System Description

9

600 MW1000 MW

1000 MW 400 MW

1000 MW

CBL_100km

CB

L_

75

km

CB

L_

50

km

+

SYS1

+

SYS2

R1P

BK

IIp

BK

II

BKIpBKI

BKR2 BK

IVp

BK

IV

BKR1

CBL_25km

+

WindFarm2BKB

BKIII

BK

IIIp

CB

L_

10

0km

R1N

+-1|1E15|0

SW1+

WindFarm1

+

WindFarm3

Detailed model (DM)

MMC 801Levels

ACpn

Station_1

Detailed model (DM)

MMC 801Levels

ACpn

Station_2

Detailed model (DM)

MMC 801Levels

ACpn

Station_3

Detailed model (DM)

MMC 801Levels

ACpn

Station_4

Detailed model (DM)

MMC 801Levels

ACpn

Station_5

VM+

?v

S1VM+

?v

S2

VM+

?v

S3VM+

?v

S4

VM+

?v

S5


5-node test system

Converters MMC 801 levels (400 Submodules / valves) Upper level control system : standard VSC control Low level control system : Circulating Current Suppressing control, Modulation techniques (Nearest level control), Capacitor Balancing Control.

Cables Frequency dependant cable models (phase domain)

Wind Farms and AC grid Models based on Thevenin equivalent

Detailed models (DFIG and Full converter) will be included in 2012

Model description

10


Available Converters Models

First model : Full detailed model (reference model)

Second model : Detailed equivalent model

Third model : Average value model

2 EMTP-RV models

11


Available models

Description from converter topologies to semi conductors

Full detailed model

12

Id

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

Vd

Ls

LsLsLs

Ls Ls

Sub-

Module

Multi-

valve

Arm

iua

ib

ic

vc

iub iuc

ila ilbilc

vsua

vb

ia

va

vsla

+

vci

-

p

n

g

C

g

p

n

S1

S2K2K1

+R

LC

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Current (A)

Voltage (

V)


Available models

A solution to limit electrical nodes in converter

Detailed equivalent models

13

Id

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

Vd

Ls

LsLsLs

Ls Ls

Sub-

Module

Multi-

valve

Arm

iua

ib

ic

vc

iub iuc

ila ilbilc

vsua

vb

ia

va

vsla

SMv t

MVi t

_SM eqr t

_SM eqv t T

++

_1

_1

SM

eq

v t

r t

_ 2

_ 2

SM

eq

v t

r t

_ 3

_ 3

SM

eq

v t

r t

_ 4

_ 4

SM

eq

v t

r t

_ 5

_ 5

SM

eq

v t

r t

_ 6

_ 6

SM

eq

v t

r t _ 6eqr t

_ 5eqr t

_ 4eqr t

_3eqr t

_ 2eqr t

_1eqr t

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ + +

DC_PLUS

DC_MINUS

a

b

cAC


Available models

To get a fast solution only valid on AC side

Average value model

14

Id

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

SM-1

SM-2

SM-400

:

Vd

Ls

LsLsLs

Ls Ls

Sub-

Module

Multi-

valve

Arm

iua

ib

ic

vc

iub iuc

ila ilbilc

vsua

vb

ia

va

vsla

suav subv sucv

slcvslbvslav

av

bv

cv

+ + +

+ + +

cIlossI

+

+

++

on AC side

on DC side


Available models

Same control system for every models

15

G +

Vdc

-

VSC-MMC Iv I

VPCC

Idc

Vf

ej

gate signal

Vac

NLC

Capa. Balancing

algorithm (CBA)

Outer P/Q/Vdc et Inner Control

PLL

Ѳ

Iv I VPCC Vf

abc d-q

L

d-q

abc

SM

jlowv _

SM

jupv _ et

CCSC d-q

Modeled in Simulink and connected to the EMTP-RV model with the DLL based interface

Average Value

Model of converter


Models comparisons

Simulation timings for a 3 s simulation (Time step : 40µs) :

• Detailed equivalent : ~3min • Full detailed : ~500 min

Detailed equivalent model vs full detailed model

16

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

Time (s)

Voltage (

pu)

Full detailed modelDetailed equivalent model

3-phase fault at SYS 1 – DC voltage


Simulation results

3-phase fault at SYS1

17

600 MW1000 MW

1000 MW 400 MW

1000 MW

100 km

75 km 50 km

25 km

100 km

+

400 kV, 50 Hz20000 MVA (SC)

SYS1

+

400 kV, 50 Hz15000 MVA (SC)

SYS2

WindFarm1+-

REC1

+-

INV1

WindFarm2

WindFarm3

+-

INV2

+-

REC2

+-

REC3

3-phase fault

1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Time (s)

Active P

ow

er

(MW

)

REC3 REC2 REC1

INV1 INV2

Vdc control


Simulation results

DC fault

18

600 MW1000 MW

1000 MW 400 MW

1000 MW

100 km

75 km 50 km

25 km

100 km

+

400 kV, 50 Hz20000 MVA (SC)

SYS1

+

400 kV, 50 Hz15000 MVA (SC)

SYS2

WindFarm1+-

REC1

+-

INV1

WindFarm2

WindFarm3

+-

INV2

+-

REC2

+-

REC3

Pole-to_pole fault

2 2.0005 2.001 2.0015 2.002 2.0025 2.003 2.0035 2.004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Time (s)

Curr

ent (k

A)

CBL_100kmC

BL

_7

5km

CB

L_

50

km

BK

IIp

BKIplus_pBKIplusB

KIV

BKR1

BKIminus BKIminus_p

BKIplus

BKIplus_p

DC CB are modeled by ideal switch


03

Next steps HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark

19


HVDC grid CIGRE Benchmark “Load flow control and direct voltage control in a meshed DC Grid”

Defined by CIGRE WG B4-58

20

A1

B4

F1

E1

C2

C1

DC Grid Test System version 2012, March 5

B1

B2

B3

B5

B6

A0

B0

D1

DC Overhead DC Cable AC Overhead

AC Cable

Will be developed by WG B4-57 members in EMTP-RV, PSCAD, OPAL-RT and Hypersim


HVDC grid CIGRE Benchmark EMTP-RV preliminary model

21

C1

C2

D1

E1

F1B6

B3

B1

B4

A1

B2

B5

1500 MW 500 MW

500 MW

1000 MW

100 MW

500 MW

Vdc control

1500 MW

1500 MW

+

380kVRMSLL /_0

C1

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

C2

D1

E1

A1

+

155kVRMSLL /_0

F1

B1

B3

B2

+

380kVRMSLL /_0


DC Grids modeling

CIGRE benchmark To be developed in 2012 in EMT tools Will be delivered to DC grid WG members to perform transients studies (protection,

transient stability,…) Detailed data will be available in the B4-57 working document

Special CIGRE session on DC grid modeling in 2012 Organized by Rte to share experience on DC grid modeling

People involved in DC grid modeling are encouraged to present their work

August 28, 2012 in conjuction with CIGRE general meeting in Paris

Contribution or information : [email protected]

Next steps

22

Documents

DC Grid Modeling EMTP-RV UGM