An introduction to EMTP-RV

August 2012

The simulation of power systems has never been so easy!

Power system simulation tools

50/60 HzDC kHz, MHz

Transient Stability programs : Eurostag, PSS/E, DigSilent

Suitable for high scale networks

Frequency range : 0.1Hz – 1kHz

Simplified modeling of HVDC and FACTS components

Short circuit calculation :CYME 5.0 (CYMFAULT), ETAP

Calculations based on sequence dataSuitable for high scale networks

Frequency range : 50/60 Hz

Load-flow calculation :CYME 5.0 (CYMFLOW), ETAP, PSLF, …Calculation on 3-phase networks Mainly on balanced networksFrequency range : 50/60 Hz

EMTP type programs : EMTP-RV, ATP, PSCAD, SimPowerSystemsNot suitable for high scale networksDetailed modeling of equipmentsFrequency range : 0.1 Hz – MHz

All software can handle transient study related to electromechanical time constants but EMTP-RV can handle electromagnetics time constant which are significantly smaller (faster transients).

EMTP-RV, the Restructured Version

• Written from scratch using mostly Fortran-95 in Microsoft Visual Studio environment.

• Include all the EMTP96 functionalities and much more:

– 3-phase unbalanced load-flow

– Scriptable user interface

– New models : machines, nonlinear elements…

– No topological restrictions

• New numerical analysis methods :

– Newton-raphson solution method for nonlinear models

– New three-phase load-flow

– Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications

– Open architecture coding that allows users customization (ex : connection with user defined DLL)

EMTP-RV benefits:• Robust simulation engine

• Easy-to-use, drag and drop

interface

• Unmatched ease of use

• Superior modeling flexibility

• Customizable to your needs

• Competitive pricing

• Superior modeling flexibility

– Can’t find exactly what you’re looking for in the device library? Simply add your own user-defined device.

– Scripting techniques provide the ability to externally program device data forms and generate the required Netlists. A symbol editor is used to modify and customize device drawings. Scripting techniques are also used for parametric studies.

– EMTPWorks also lets the user define any number of subcircuits to create hierarchical designs.a

Customizable to your needs

EMTP-RV Package includes:

• EMTP-RV : computational engine

• With EMTP-RV, complex problems become simple to work out.A powerful and super-fast computational engine that provides significantly improved solution methods for nonlinear models, control systems, and user-defined models. The engine features a plug-in model interface, allowing users to add their own models.

• EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface

EMTPWorks, the user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface, provides top-level access to EMTP-RV simulation methods and models.EMTPWorks sends design data into EMTP-RV, starts EMTP-RV and retrieves simulation results.An advanced, yet easy-to-use graphical user interface that maximizes the capabilities of the underlying EMTP-RV engine. EMTPWorks offers drag-and-drop convenience that lets users quickly design, modify and simulate electric power systems. A drawing canvas and the ability to externally program device data allows users to fully customize simulations to their needs. EMTPWorks can be used for small systems or very large-scale systems.

• ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis

ScopeView displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.With EMTPWorks, users can dramatically reduce the time required to setup a study in EMTP-RV.

The software package

Key features

• EMTP-RV Key features

- The reference in transients simulation

- Solution for large networks

- Provide detailed modeling of the network component including control, linear and non-linear

elements

- Open architecture coding that allows users customization and implementation of sophisticated

models

- New steady-state solution with harmonics

- New three-phase load-flow

- Automatic initialization from steady-state solution

- New capability for solving detailed semiconductor models

- Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications

EMTPWorks Key features

• Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows

• Powerful and intuitive interface for creating sophisticated Electrical networks

• Drag and drop device selection approach with simple connectivity methods

• Both devices and signals are objects with attributes. A drawing canvas is given the ability to

create objects and customized attributes

• Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported

• Advanced features for creating and maintaining very large to extremely large networks

• Large number of subnetwork creation options including automatic subnetwork creation and pin

positioning. Unlimited subnetwork nesting level

• Options for creating advanced subnetwork masks

• Multipage design methods

• Library maintenance and device updating methods

The GUI key features

EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface

EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface

Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft WindowsSingle-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supportedLarge collection of scripts for modifying and/or updating almost anything appearing on the GUI

6 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.1

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

x 105

time (s)

y

PLOT

Substation_A/m1a@vn@1

Substation_A/m1b@vn@1

Substation_A/m1c@vn@1

Multi-source data importation Cursor region information

ScopeView

ScopeView is a data acquisition and signal processing software adapted very well for visualisation and analysis of EMTP-RV results.It may be used to simultaneously load, view and process data from applications such as EMTP-RV, MATLAB and Comtrade format files.

Function editor of ScopeView Typical mathematical post-processing

ScopeView

A versatile program

A versatile programEMTP-RV is suited to a wide

variety of power system studies, whether they relate to project design and engineering, or to solving problems and unexplained failures.

EMTP-RV offers a wide variety of modeling capabilities encompassing electromagnetic and electromechanical oscillations ranging in duration from microseconds to seconds.

EMTP-RV’s benefits are:

Unmatched ease of use

Superior modeling flexibility

Customizable to your needs

Dynamic development road-map

Prompt and effective technical support

Reactive sales teams

A powerful power system simulation software

EMTP-RV’s strengths:

A powerful power system simulation software

• New and advanced HVDC models, including MMC-HVDC

• New wind generator models, including average-value model

• New control system diagram DLL capability

• New Simulink/Real-time Workshop interface DLL

EMTP-RV version 2.4 new features:

Workshop interface DLL

Improvements in synchronous machine model including a new black start option

Improvements in the asynchronous machine model

Capability to solve multiple frequency load-flow

Improved documentation and various other improvements

New application examples

EMTP-RV version 2.4 improvements:

EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system studies including and not limited to:

• Power system design

• Power system stability & load

modeling

• Control system design

• Motor starting

• Power electronics and FACTS

• HVDC networks

• Lighting surges

• Switching surges

• Temporary overvoltages

• Insulation coordination

• Complete network analysis

• Ferroresonance

• Steady-sate analysis of unbalanced system

• Distribution networks and distributed

generation

• Power system dynamic and load modeling

• Subsynchronous resonance and shaft

stresses

• Power system protection issues

• General control system design

• Power quality issues

• Capacitor bank switching

• And much more!

Power system studies

Complete system studies:

•Load-flow solution and initialization of synchronous machines•Temporary overvoltages to network islanding•Ferroresonance and harmonic resonance•Selection and usage of arresters•Fault transients•Statistical analysis of overvoltages•Electromechanical transients

A versatile program

• Power system design

• Power systems protection issues

• Network analysis: network separation, power quality, geomagnetic storms, interaction between compensation and control components, wind generation

• Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale (unlimited size) electrical systems

• Simulation and analysis of power system transients: lightning, switching, temporary conditions

• General purpose circuit analysis: wideband, from load-flow to steady-state to time-domain (Steady-state analysis of unbalanced systems)

• Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control

• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design, wideband line and cable models

Applications

• Power Electronics and FACTS (HVDC, SVC, VSC, TCSC, etc.)

• Multiterminal HVDC systems

• Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit conditions, network interaction

• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design, wideband line and cable models

• Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping, delayed-current zero conditions, arc interaction

• Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems, surge arrester influences

• Temporary overvoltages

• Capacitor bank switching

• Series and shunt resonances

• Detailed transient stability analysis

• Unbalanced distribution networks

Applications

Load-flow

Steady-state

Time-domain

Frequency scan

Simulation optionsSimulation options

Simulation options

• Load-Flow solution – The electrical network equations are solved using complex

phasors.

– The active (source) devices are only the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices). A load device is used to enter PQ load constraint equations.

– Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are achievable in this version. The solution frequency is specified by ‘Default Power Frequency’ and used in passive network lumped model calculations.

– The same network used for transient simulations can be used in load-flow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow solution can work with multiphase and unbalanced networks.

– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.

– This simulation option stops and creates a solution file (Load-Flow solution data file). The solution file can be loaded for automatically initializing anyone of the following solution methods.

• Steady-state solution

– The electrical network equations are solved using complex numbers. This option can be used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing the time-domain solution.

– A harmonic steady-state solution can be achieved.

– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.

– Some nonlinear devices are linearized or disconnected. All devices have a specific steady-state model.

– The steady-state solution is performed if at least one power source device has a start time (activation time) lower than 0.

Simulation options

• Time-domain solution

– The electrical network and control system equations are solved using a numerical integration technique.

– All nonlinear devices are solved simultaneously with network equations. A Newton method is used when nonlinear devices exist.

– The solution can optionally start from the steady-state solution for initializing the network variables and achieving quick steady-state conditions in time-domain waveforms.

– The steady-state conditions provide the solution for the time-point t=0. The user can also optionally manually initialize state-variables.

Simulation options

• Frequency scan solution

– This option is separate from the two previous options. All source frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and the network steady-state solution is found at each frequency.

Simulation options

Build-in libraries and

Standard models available in EMTP-RV

EQUIPMENT FEATURES

advanced.clf Provides a set of advanced power electronic devices

Pseudo Devices.clfProvides special devices, such as page connectors. The port devices are normally created using the menu “Option>Subcircuit>New Port Connector”, they are available in this library for advanced users.

RLC branches.clf Provides a set of RLC type power devices. .

Work.clf This is an empty library accessible to users

control.clf The list of primitive control devices.

control devices of TACS.clf This control library is provided for transition from EMTP-V3. It imitates EMTP-V3 TACS functions.

control functions.clf Various control system functions.

control of machies.clf Exciter devices for power system machines.

flip flops.clf A set of flip-flop functions for control systems.

hvdc.clf Collection of dc bridge control functions. Documentation is available in the subcircuit.

lines.clf Transmission lines and cables.

machines.clf Rotating machines.

meters.clfVarious measurement functions, including sensors for interfacing control device signals with power device signals.

meters periodic.clf Meters for periodic functions.

nonlinear.clf Various nonlinear electrical devices.

options.clf EMTP Simulation options, plot functions and other data management functions.

phasors.clf Control functions for manipulating phasors.

sources.clf Power sources.

switches.clf Switching devices.

symbols.clf These are only useful drawing symbols, no pins.

transformations.clf Mathematical transformations used in control systems.

transformers.clf Power system transformers.

Built-in librairies

Library Models

RLC branches

R, L, C branchesPI circuitsLoadsState space block

Control

Gain, constantIntegral, derivativeLimiter,SumSelectorDelayState-space blockPLL…

Control of Machines IEEE excitation systemsGovernor / turbine

Flip flops Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T

Lines

CP (distributed parameters)FD (=CP + frequency dependence)FDQ (=FD for cables)WB (phase domain)Corona

Standard models

Library Models

Machines

Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor)Synchronous MachinePermanent Magnet Synchronous MachineDC machine2-phase machine

Meters Current, voltage, power meters

Meters periodic RMS meters and sequence meters

Nonlinear

Non linear resistanceNon linear inductanceHysteresis reactorZnO arresterSiC arrester

Sources

AC, DC voltage sourcesAC, DC current sourcesLightning inpulse current sourceCurrent and voltage controlled sourcesLoad-flow bus

11/04/2331

Standard models

Library Models

Switches

Ideal switchDiodeThyristorAir gap

Transformations3-phase <-> sequence3-phase <-> dq0

Transformateurs

Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD…Topological models : TOPMAGImpedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEGFrequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT

AdvancedVariable loadSVCSTATCOM

Standard models

Easily find what you’re looking for by browsing or using a simple index.

Built-in librairy of examples

Typical designs

Modeling ElectricalSystems with EMTP-RV

Typical designs

Modeling ElectricalSystems with EMTP-RV

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

L

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

CVT

48 m 52 m

25 m

30 km 300 m 300 m

Insulation Coordination of a 765 kV GIS

Network 765 kV Line

PowerTransformer

588 kV Zno

To eliminateundesirable reflexions

Gas-Insulated SubstationAir-Insulated Substation

Gas-filledBushing

Open Circuit-Breaker

Gas-filledBushingInductive VT 588 kV Zno

Air-Insulated Substation

200 kA 3/100 usLightning Stroke

- Backflashover Case- Impulse Footing Resistance of the stricken Tower may be represented by Ri = f(I)- Usage of ZnO model based on IEEE SPD WG- Frequency-Dependant Line modeling

+ C1

+ C2

+ C3

+?i

L1

+?i

L2 +?i

L3

+

+

48 +

+

+

+

+

+

+

52

+

4nF

+

4nF

+

4nF

+

+

+

VM+

bushing

?v/?v/?v

VM +CB_a

?v

VM +CB_b

?v

VM +CB_c

?v

VM+ ?v

Tower_top

LINE DATA

model in: foudre_300m_ex1_rv.pun

foudre_300m_ex1.lin

+

1M

+

1M

+

1M

Simulationoptions

I/O FILES

+

+

+

TOWER1

Part=TOWER_model15_1

+ + +

TOWER2

Part=TOWER_model15_f

LIGHTNING_STROKE

TOWER3

Part=TOWER_model1ohm

LINE DATA

model in: foudre_30km_ex2_rv.pun

foudre_30km_ex2.lin

VM +cond_c

?v

VM+Trans_c

?v

VM+Trans_b

?v

VM+Trans_a

?v

+

+

+

+

0.1nF

+

0.1nF

+

0.1nF

+?i

L10 +

?i

L11 +

?i

L12

+

735kV /_0

SOURCE_NETWORK

MPLOT

a

b

c

BUS_NET

c

b

a

c

b

a

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

L

M

M

N

N

O

O

P

P

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

1 10 0

2900 mm

2x x

g = 12 mm

x= 710 mm

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

L

M

M

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

280 km 40%

40%140 km 140 km

220 km

220 km

20%10% 5%30% 20%15%

pF=88%

1560 M W Res.-Com.-Ind. Load

Large Gen.-Load Center40 M W

45 M W

240 M W

132 M W

520 M W

76 M W

162 M W

1600 M W240 M X

4 x (10 X 2 MW) induc. machine pf 0.85

2 x 240 M W

180 M W

8250 M W

900 M W+/- 150 M XSVC

+/- 30 MVARSSTATCOM

3 x 1M W Doubly-fedwith PWM controller(Variable speed)

77 M W WIND IM GENERATION(Constant speed)

200 M W

9000 M W

1300 M W

+/- 400 M vars STATCOM in Substation B

2

3

1

500/13.8/13.8

2

3

1

In1 Out1

In2 Out2

Subs tation_A

+

+ +

2

3

1

500/230/50

2

3

1

500/230/50

+

96uF

+

96uF

+

1

?i

R1

+

+

+

+

In1 Out1

In2 Out2

Subs tation_C

Sim ulationoptions

+

+

0 .3uF

+

0 .05uF

I/O FILES

Ser_C_1

Ser_C_2

12

13.8/230

12

13.8/230

12

13.8/230

12

13.8/230

CP+

144.8

CP +

96.5

CP+

50

1269/225

CP2

+

290

CP+60

+

48uF

23

1

500/230/50

+

48uF

CP+

19

3.1

PQ

p1

Subs tation_B

VM+m _Subs _B_230k V

?v /?v /?v

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _1

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _2

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _4

AV

R&

Go

v

(pu

)

Ou

t

IN

AV

R_

Go

v_

5

av

r_g

ov

ern

or_

pu

AV

R&

Go

v

(pu

)

Ou

t

IN

AV

R_

Go

v_

6

AV

R&

Go

v

(pu

)

Ou

t

IN

AV

R_

Go

v_

7

SM?m

SM 2

SM

13.8k V400M VA

?m

SM 1

SM?m

SM 3

SM?m

SM 4

SM

13.8k V50M VA

?m

SM 7

SM13.8k V

550M VA

?m

SM 6

SM 13.8k V

200M VA

?m

SM 5

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _9

SM

13.8k V200M VA

?m

SM 9

SM

13.8k V125M VA

?m

SM 8

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _8

1 2

13.8/230

Np, NqKp, Kq

Z Dist

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

DEV4

Np,N

q

Kp,K

q

Z Dis

t

MW

,MX

,PF

Va

,Vb

,Vc

60

Hz o

nly

DEV3

scope Qt

scope Pt

VM+?v

m _Load_230k V

+

+

R2

2 .263

12

25.5/12

12

25.5/6.6

AS

MS

Sm al l_ ind

?m

6.6k V770.M VA

AS

MS

Large_ind

?m

12k V385.M VA

+

2000uF

PQp3

scope

P_Load

scopeQ_Load

+

3700uF+

1410.uF

0.0130.22Ohm

12

?230/26.4

AV

R&

Go

v

(pu

)

Ou

t

IN

AVR_Gov _10

SM

230k V12000M VA?

m

SM 10

Np, NqKp, Kq

Z Dist

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

DEV1

scopeQ_Ex c h

scope

P_Ex c h

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov _3

12

69/3.3

SASM

SqCage_1

12

69/3.3

SASM

12

69/3.3

SASM

12

69/3.3

SASM

SqCage_4

12

YgYg_np4

230/71

+

0.1,0.5Ohm

+

0.04,0.2Ohm

+

0.2,1Ohm

+

0.1,0.5Ohm

+15uF

+-1 /1E15/0

PQ

p2

VM+

m _69k V_wind

?v /?v /?v

2 3

1

500/230/50

+

1E15/1E15/01E15/1E15/01E15/1E15/0

Np,N

q

Kp,K

q

Z Dis

t

MW

,MX

,PF

Va

,Vb

,Vc

60

Hz o

nly

DEV2

PQ

p4

scopePt_windGen

scopeQt_WindGen

+

1E15/1E15/01E15/1E15/01E15/1E15/0

+

1

? i

R3

DEV6

Np, NqKp, Kq

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

Fluo_l ight

Np, NqKp, Kq

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

Inc an_l ight

Np, NqKp, Kq

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

Color_Tv

+

-1/1

E1

5/0

+S

W6

-1/1

E1

5/0

12

?230/26.4

0.1

3

2.2

Oh

m

CP2

+

110

CP2

+

80

C L

SV

C_

1

Np, NqKp, Kq

Z Dist

M W,M X,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

60 Hz only

DEV5

CP2

+

80

scopeQ_Stat_30

+RL1

+

C8

0.25uF

+

C12

0.25uF

1

2

69

/0.6

9

YgYg_np5

scopeQ_Var_s peed

scopeP_Var_s peed

v

v

PQ

p7

P Q

p6

+R4

50

+

5 /5.1/05/5.1/01E15/1e15/0

+

1

? i

R5

BUS1

BUS7 BUS5BUS9

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Small Industrial load

8 MW

Windmill Power GenerationIn a weak Power System

5 x 2 MVA Doubly-fedwith PWM controller(Variable Speed)

8 MW

20 MW

15 MW

6.5 MW

12 x 2 MVA Doubly-fedwith PWM controller(Variable Speed)

Weak Local 69 kVNetwork (150 MVA)

LL-g 6 cycles fault

- Realistic Wind Data;- Realistic DFIG Modeling;- Realistic Network & Load Models- Realistic Harmonic Distorsions & Dynamic Performances

11 MW

scopeP_Gr1

scopeQ_Gr1

1

269/6.6 YgD_1

0.11Ohm

VM+

?v

m1

P Q p1

scopeQ_netw

scopeP_netw

P Q p3

scopeP_Gr2

scope

Q_Gr_2

+

170uF

AS

MS

ASM1

?m

6.6kV5000hp

AVR

in

out

AVR_SM1

1

269/13.8 YgD_2

+

69kV /_0

SM

13.8kV10MVA

?m

SM1

I/O FILES

DFIG_1

v

WIND1

1 2

69/0.69

YgD_3

DFIG_2

v

WIND2

+

+

+

1uF

+0.4k

+4

+

32Ohm

+100

+30

+

5nF

C3

+

5nF

C4

PQp2

+

5/5.1/05/5.1/01E15/1E15/0

?i

SW1+

1

Delay!h

+

40nF

+

40nF

1

269/0.69

YgD_4

MPLOT

Np,NqKp,Kq

Z Dist

MW,MX,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

50/60 Hz

VLOADg1

Np,NqKp,Kq

MW,MX,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

50/60 Hz

VLOAD2

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

T5

TRANS3

CBCB

TRANS2

T5

CB

T1T1

T15 T25

CB

BB1

BB2

T1

Q2Q2Q2

Q2

Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

CABLE3

CB

T1

CABLE2

Q1 Q2

CB

T1

Q1

CABLE1

T1

T5

TRANS1

T1

Q2Q2Q1

GWGW

Backflashover at 300 m from the substationon the 4th connected 150 kV line

Tower

three 150 kV lines

MCOV=112 kVMCOV=112 kV

MCOV=112 kV

0.25m

reference

1 . 1 m

1 . 1 m

1 . 1 m

0.50m

1.254cm

2.6225cm

2.9335cm

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

L

M

M

N

N

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

1 10 0

CCPD

R6-11R1-11R1-5

61

113

CCPD

R2A-5 R6-12R2A-12

R5-7 R6-7

788

R2G-5 R2G-6

UNIT 21110 MVA

UNIT 1806.5 MVA

22.8 kV Delta345/1.732 kV Yn

23.9 kV Delta346.4/1.732 kV Yn

Start & Standby Xformers

Start & Standby Xformers

CCPD

f=8.77 kHz

Inductiv e VT

345/161 kVAutotransformer

345/161 kVAutotransformerThree-Phase-to Ground

Fault Location

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

TRV STUDY AT A 345 kV SUBSTATION

CB_2DISC

33'+

33'+

33'+

+

0.1nF

90

'+

CB_2DISC

33'+

33'+

11

0'

+

+

7.5nF

CB_2DISC

2 3

1

327.5/161/13.8

11

0'

+

+

1.nF

+

2.5nF

+

1.nF

+0.1uF

CP

+

17.8

5 C

P+

15.8

1

33'+

15

0'

+

33'+

33'+

CB_2DISC

33'+

33'+

33'+

33'+

CB_2DISC CB_2DISC

15

0'

+

33'+

CB_2DISC CB_2DISC

33'+

33'+

15

0'

+

15

0'

+

+

0.1nF

+

7.5nF

22

0'

+

33'+

22

0'

+

33'+

CB_2DISC

150'+

33'+

300'

+

+

0.1nF

55'+

450'+

450'+

55'+

+

0.1nF

90'+

HVLV

DEV19

+

C13

2nF

450'+

55'+

+

0.1nF

55'+

450'+

+

C15

2nF

+

279171.940927 /_-5 279171.940927 /_-125 279171.940927 /_115 PQbus:LF3

VwZ3

LF

Phase:0

P=-491.5MWQ=37.4MVARVsine_z:VwZ3

LF3

+

50nF

300'

+

+

0.1nF

110'+

+

1.3e+5 /_-12 1.3e+5 /_-132 1.3e+5 /_108 PQbus:LF4

VwZ4L

F27.39MW11.01MVAR

LF

Phase:0

P=-204.9MWQ=-29MVARVsine_z:VwZ4

LF42

3

1

345/161/15

+

2.8e+5 /_-7 2.8e+5 /_-127 2.8e+5 /_113 Slack:LF5

VwZ5

LF

Phase:0

Slack: 343.27kVRMSLL/_0Vsine_z:VwZ5

LF5

75

'

+

75

'

+

90

'+

11

0'

+

+

7.5nF

+0.1uF

View Steady-State

VM

+

?v

m1

+

30

+

50nF

+

30

R

5

+

50nF

+

30

R

6

FD+

FD

+

VM

+

?v

m2

+900

R8

+1020

R9

+450

R10

+

1.n

F

+

1.n

F

+

0.3nF

150'+

+ 2.5

nF

CB_2DISC

+

25nF

+

0.0281Ohm

+

28.1

+

0.001124

LF

Phase:0

P=850MWV=23.712kVRMSLLs155aVsine_z:VwZ2

LF2

+

0.0281Ohm

+

28.1

+

0.0281Ohm

+

28.1

+

0.0281Ohm

+

28.1

+

25nF

+

25nF

+

25nF

+

19707 /_-12 19707 /_-132 19707 /_108 PVbus:LF2

VwZ2

+

2500

R17

+

0.00119

+

0.02975Ohm

+29.75

+

25nF

LF

Phase:0

P=676MWV=23.712kVRMSLLs184aVsine_z:VwZ6

LF6

+

0.02975Ohm

+29.75

+

0.02975Ohm

+29.75

+

0.02975Ohm

+29.75

+

25nF

+

25nF

+

25nF

+

20136 /_-12 20136 /_-132 20136 /_108 PVbus:LF6

VwZ6

+

2500

R24

VM

+

?v

m3

HVLV

DEV3

1.00/_3.5

1.03/_0.8

1.00/_3.5

0.99/_-1.0

1.01/_0.30.99/_0.0

s184

s155

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

200 MW Wind Farm Integration Study

138 kV Network

+/- 80 MVars SVC

Wind

RL

+

PI1

Wind

RL

+

PI2

Wind

RL

+

PI3

Wind

Wind

Wind

RL

+

PI5

Wind

RL

+

PI6

v

DEV1

12DYg_1

0.69/34.5

12DYg_2

0.69/34.5

12DYg_3

0.69/34.5

1 2DYg_4

0.69/34.5

1 2DYg_5

0.69/34.5

1 2DYg_6

0.69/34.5

Wind

Wind

12DYg_7

0.69/34.5

12DYg_8

0.69/34.5

RL

+

PI8

RL

+

PI7

v

DEV2

v

DEV3

12DYg_9

0.69/34.5

VM+m1

?v

3x 1x

1

2

SVC_1Unique top

+RL1

Wind

12DYg_10

0.69/34.5

RL

+

PI9

2

3

1

138/34.5/13.8?

+

C2

CP+

50.00

CP+

50.00

RL+

PI4

RL

+

PI1

0

+SW1

-1|1.1|0

+SW2

1.6|1.7|0

+SW3

-1|1.1|0

+SW4

1.6|1.7|0

+SW5

1|1E15|01|1E15|01e15|1E15|0

+

AC1

140kVRMSLL /_0

Np,NqKp,Kq

MW,MX,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

50/60 Hz

VLOAD1

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

HV

LV

Tertiary

Dynamic Resistance ControllerModeling Eddy losses

Simulated Saturation Characteristic (Air reactance of 45.8%)Xm@1.0 pu = 300 kOhms

Air reactance=44.3%@ 170 M VA

Modeled Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 &1.4 pu

Obtained HV Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 & 1.4pu (including Cap & Eddy losses)

Vm2 rms in pu of 303.11 kV Im1 (rms) in pu of 170 MVA 1.2 0.021 1.3 0.180 1.4 0.406

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

L

M

M

N

N

O

O

P

P

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

1 10 0

2900 mm

2x x

g = 12 mm

x= 710 mm

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Validation of the Air gap leaderModel with CIGRE equation

The leader length varies between 3 and 6m

The applied surge varies between -3 and -5M V

Length (m) 3 4 5 6

Voltage(MV)

Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model 3 1.2516 1.69 2.568 2.9 5.4155 4.8 4 0.6944 0.95 1.2516 1.58 2.1491 2.15 3.6902 3.1 5 0.4622 0.69 0.7867 1.1 1.2516 1.3 1.9316 1.8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

x 10-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

x 106

t (ms)

y

PLOT

breakdown time

Vleader_3MV@vn@1

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1-4

-3.5

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0x 10

6

t (ms)

y

PLOT

Vleader@vn@1Vsurge2@vb@1

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Step changes in Io

Rectifier

f req limitsset here

1 Ph f ault

3 Ph f aultDCf ilter

To Bipolar DC system

Current Controller w ith VDCL PI Controller

Scaling of Id

Fault/Test Sequence Generator: Enter: amplitude and timing sequence

AC-DC Voltage Measurement Circuit

AC Filters

Inv erter

DC Fault

Model of HVDC Rectifier operating with weak ac system and bipolar 6-p dc system

Prepared by: V.K.Sood, sood.vijay@ireq.caDate: May 2003

Purpose: Teaching/Training of personnel on HVDC systems

Tests possible:1. Step change in Io2. Voltage Dependent Current Limit (VDCL)3. Block/Deblock of firing pulses4. DC Line fault with protection & recovery sequence5. Three phase ac bus fault, with recovery sequence6. Single phase ac bus fault, high impedance, no protection7. Forced retard of rectifier firing pulses8. Step change in oscil lator frequency

Kp=0.35Ki=0.35

Suggested Test Sequences

Description Amplitude Timing

1. Step Io -0.2 pu 300-500 ms2. VDCL 1.0 pu 300-500 ms3. BLOCK 1.0 pu 300-500 ms4. DCFault 1.0 pu 300-350 ms Apply FR 0.75 pu 325-375ms5. ACFault3 0.75 pu 300-400ms6. ACFault1 1.0 pu 300-400ms7. FR 1.0 pu 300-400ms8. Step Frequency 25 Hz 300-400ms

This is necessary f or f ast initialisation

Recov ery f rom a dc f ault will require FR to be coordinated

Forced Retard Rectif ier

f min=f o-df

f max=f o+df

Frequency Measurement Circuit

c1.0

C1

PI

u out

Kp

Ki

DEV2

c

C2

0.35

v (t)p1 F1

2

3

4

5

6

sg5

1

1600

Firing_Generator

F2F3F4F5F6deblock

pulse_train

Bridge_starF1

Bridge_delta

F7F8F9

F10F11F12

V.K.Sood

DEV5

sg8

scopescp1

scopescp2

1

2

3

44

5

6

1

2

3

4

56

1

2

3

4

56

c

C3

0.35

+ AC2

?vi

230kV /_60

1 2

230/205.45

YY2

1 2YgD_2

230/205.45

3-phase +

-gates

6-pulse bridge+

350mH

3-phase +

-gates

6-pulse bridge

+

350mH+R8

2.5

VM+

?v

m1

++

+

sum3

c0.3

C4

c1.2

C5

DC1

220kV

DC2

220kV

+RL1

0.25,45mH

D1

+R

LC

RL

C3

10

00

,0,0

.1u

F

RL

C+

RLC4

1k,0,0.1uF

+R3

2.5

D2

+R

2

0.1

MAX

1

2

3 Fm1

+R

LC

RL

C6

10

00

,0,0

.1u

F

sg6

f(s)

fs1

sg2

sg3

sg4

sg7

+R

LC

RL

C1

10

00

,0,0

.1u

F

RL

C+

RLC2

1,0.2814,1uF

+

cSW1

+

cSW2

+

cSW3

+

cS

W4

sg1

+

cSW5

+-

-

+

sum2

RL

C+

RLC5

1,0.2814,1uF

Fm8

Fm9

RL

C+

0.63,19.52mH,3.009uF

RLC8

+

3.846mH

L3+

4.573uF

C6

+

82.6

R4

v (t) i(t)p2

RL

C+0.63,27.83mH,3.009uF

RLC7

+R5

1

+R6

1

+R7

1

+

L4

250mH

+R1

1

VDCLIo_lim

Iref

Vd_static

Imax

Imin

Vd_dynamic

V.K.Sood

DEV3DEV3DEV3

vd_rec

vac_rec vd_out

vd_rec_pu

Vdetector

DEV1

Delay

0.050

dly1

lim1

1

-0.15

0.15

NOR

1

2

3

4

Fm3

PLL osc 1

freq_order

freq_meas

pulse_train

V.K.Sood

DEV6

fa_inf_outfb_in

fc_in

f_measure

V.K.Sood

DEV4

DOUBLE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO

34

5

6

F1

2

1

3

4

5

6

2

Iref

freq_meas

Step_Io

rec_star_pulses

rec_delta_pulses

pulse_train

error

rec_star_bus

rec_delta_bus

id_rec

id_rec

Io_limit

id_rec_pu

s40

Imin

Imax

vd_rec

rec_bus

fo

v_pri_rec_a

v_pri_rec_b

v_pri_rec_c

vac_rec

vdcl_input

vd_out

ACFault3

s123

s158

deblock

VDCL

GND

DCFault

ACFault1

Startup

b

a

a

c

rec_bus2

FR

vd_rec_pu

BLOCK

freq_order

rec_star_firing

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Equivalent 120 kV Network

Example of Synchronous/Asynchronous Machine Modeling

Fault & System Islandingat 9 s

Starting motor at 1 s

420 MW Load

32 MW Synchronous Motor Load

Induction motors in steady-state

- Starting an 11000 hp motor at 1s with 5 induction machines already in steady-state- LL-g fault on the 120 kV bus with system islanding at 9 s- System recovery by the governor system of the large SM until 30 s- Case showing the good numerical stability of large number of machines in EMTP-RV- Ref. (Motor): G. J. Rogers, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC2, No 4 Dec. 1987, pp. 622-628.- Using variable output rate after 15 s of simulation.

Simulationoptions

I/O FILESMPLOT

1 2DYg_SM2

13.8/122

+

0.2uF

+

3

+

1uF

+

1

+

120kV /_17

Network+

12

YgD_1

120/26.4

12YgYg_np1

25.5/12

SM

SM_load

?m12kV40MVA

0.11Ohm

12YgYg_np2

?25.5/6.6

+

1/1E15/0

?i

SW_ASM1

+

40uF

C4

PQ

sc

op

e

Q_ASM1

sc

op

e

P_ASM1

+

240uF

P Q

+

-1/9.15/0

?iSW_Network

+

0.2uF

C3

+

SW

_F

au

lt

9/9.15/09/9.15/01E15/1E15/0

+

1

sc

op

e

P_net

sc

op

e

Q_net

P QLoad1

+

C7

380uFA

SM

S

6.6kV11000hp

?m

AS

M2

AS

MS

6.6kV11000hp

?m

AS

M3

AS

MS

6.6kV11000hp

?m

AS

M4

ASM S

6.6kV11000hp

?m

ASM1

SM

SM2

?m

13.8kV500MVA

AVR&Gov(pu)

Out

IN

AVR_Gov_SM2

Speed Tm

S T

ASM1_control

Pm

Om

eg

a_

1f(u) 1

SM_load_control

VM +Vnet

?v

AS

MS

6.6kV11000hp

?m

AS

M5

AS

MS

6.6kV11000hp

?m

AS

M6

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

Creating a 5% Voltage DipDuration of 45 sec.

+/- 10% of 230 kVin 6 taps of 1.667%Initial Tap at -2Td0=10 s, Td inverseDeadband of 1%

+/- 15% of 26.4 kVin 8 taps of 1.875%Initial Tap at -2Td0=15 s, Td inverseDeadband of 1.5%

Operation of Tap Changers During a Voltage Dip

Transmission Line

V1magrad

1loss1

21555

scopeV_26kV_pu

0.0130.22Ohm

Tap Vmeas

OLTC_Control1

1 2

230/26.4

?

YD_1

+

508kVRMSLL /_2 508kVRMSLL /_-118 508kVRMSLL /_122 Slack:LF1

VwZ1

LF

Slack: 500kVRMSLL/_0Vsine_z:VwZ1

LF1

PI

+ PI1

2

3

1

YgYgD_np1

500/230/50

Tap Vmeas

OLTC_Control2

V1magrad

+

C1

0.1uF

1loss2

187771

scopeV_230_pu

Np,NqKp,Kq

Z Dist

MW,MX,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

50/60 Hz

VLOADg1

Np,NqKp,Kq

Z Dist

MW,MX,PF

Va,Vb,Vc

50/60 Hz

VLOADg2

+

50

R1

+5/50/0

SW

1

I/O FILES

MPLOT

1.01/_-44.91.02/_-3.4

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

- L1 (uH) = 15 d/n; R1 (Ohm) = 65 d/n- L0 (uH) = 0.2 d/n; R0 (Ohm) = 100 d/n- C0 (pF) = 100 n/d

d is the Height of the arrester and n is the number of parallel columns

Example of Modeling of an Ohio-Brass Zno Arrester for a 330 kV NetworkMCOV= 209 kV d=1.8 m, n=1

A0 & A1 Characteristics adjusted to get 516 kV for a 2 kA 45 us Switching Surgethen L1 adjusted to get 604 kV for a 10 kA 8/20 us Lightning surgethen checking for 10 kA 0.5 us front of wave 664.5 kV vs 665 kV from Ohio-BrassFANTASTIC!!

0.5 us8 us45 us

ZnO Arrester model based on IEEE Surge ProtectiveDevice Working Group

Zn

O+

ZnO1

516000

Zn

O+

ZnO2

516000

+

R1

117

+L1

42uH

+

C1

0.0555nF

+

R0

180

+L0

0.36uH

Data function

ZnO

model in: A0_1_Char.pun

Data function

ZnO

A1_1_Char.dat

model in: A1_1_Char.pun

VM+

m1

?v

+ Isurge1

?i

10.7kA/-70000/-4755000

Simulationoptions

+ Isurge2

?i

24.9kA/-55000/-175000

+ Isurge3

?i

2.95kA/-5000/-46500

I/O FILES

New example

New example

New example

New example

New example

www.emtp.com

Technical Support: support@emtp.com

Sales Team: sales@emtp.com

Contacts

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