;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;dxx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ M - forestaction.org · 68 xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf jif{ !# c+s ! h]i7 @)&# ^ ;3g jg eGgfn] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf rf/ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk

$Page 1: ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;dxx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ M - forestaction.org · 68 xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf jif{ !# c+s ! h]i7 @)&# ^ ;3g jg eGgfn] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf rf/ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk$
xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf jif{ !# c+s ! h]i7 @)&#64

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ M sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ePsf k|of; tyf l;sfO

h}nas'df/ /fO{!, dy'/f vgfn@, 6]saxfb'/ j?jfn#, ljgo zfx$, ;'ldt uf}td%

!= kl/ro!=! k[i7e"ld

g]kfndf ;g\ !(%) b]lv !(&) sf] bzssf aLrdf jg If]qsf] ljgfz tLj| eof] -Ives and Messerli 1989, Graner 1997, Gautam et al. 2004) . pQm jg ljgfzsf cfwf/df ljZj a}ª\ssf] Ps cWoogn] g]kfndf jg ljgfz oxL qmddf eof] eg] cfufdL b'O{ tLg bzsdf g]kfnsf w]/} h;f] e"efux¿ d¿e"ld aGg] eljiojf0fL ;fj{hlgs u¥of] (Ives and Messerli 1989) . t/ c;Lsf] bzskl5 g]kfndf jg Joj:yfkgsf] 9fFrfdf kl/jt{g eof] / pQm kl/jlt{t Joj:yfkgsf] 9fFrfn] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s cEof;sf] ;'?cft u¥of] . pQm kl/jlt{t 9fFrfn] jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ s'/f :yflkt u¥of] . pQm cEof;n] ljZj a}ª\ssf] cWoogn] u/]sf] eljiojf0fLnfO{ g} r'gf}tL lbg] sfd u¥of] . kmn:j¿k ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ aGb} uof] (Graner 1997, Acharya 2002, Gautam et al 2004 and Chhetri 2006) .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf nflu Ps pQd pkfosf ¿kdf

lrlgPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;fjp;_ sf] cjwf/0ff tyf cEof; k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf nflu Ps ;kmn cEof;sf ¿kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] Ps dfq} k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf xf] . xfn;fn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] cWoogn] g]kfndf ljut b'O{ bzs -;g\ !(() b]lv @)!)_ sf aLrdf jgsf] If]qkmn $) k|ltztaf6 a9]/ $$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 -DFRS 2015_ . o; tYofª\sn] g]kfndf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] cjwf/0ff tyf cEof; ;kmn ePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . t/, o;sf] cy{ g]kfndf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgdf s'g} sdL tyf sdhf]/Lx¿ 5}gg\ eGg] rflxF sbflk xf]Og (Graner 1997, Graner 1999, Hill 1999, Mall et al. 2003, Gautam et al. 2004, Chhetri 2006 and Mahanty et al. 2006) . ;kmn Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf cEof;x¿df ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ w]/} kIfx¿ 5g\ -MSCFP 2011, MoFSC 2013, LFP 2013 and MoFSC 2014) .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] ;kmntfsf] Ps k|d'v cfwf/ eg]sf] jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;'zf;gsf]

! n]vs xfn -ljBfjfl/lwsf zf]wfyL{ _ lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno, dfgjzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu sLlt{k'/df cWofkg u/fpg'sf ;fy} km/]i6PS;g g]kfndf cg';Gwfgstf{sf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

@ n]vs sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmddf n}lª\us ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ / ;'zf;g lj1sf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

# n]vs sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf nflu ;ª\v'jf;ef lhNnfdf lhNnf ;+of]hssf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

$ n]vs sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf nflu ;ª\v'jf;ef lhNnfdf lhNnf ;+of]hssf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

% n]vs sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf nflu t]x|y'd lhNnfdf lhNnf ;+of]hssf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

@

xfd|f] jg ;Dkbf jif{ !# c+s ! h]i7 @)&# 65

/fO{ / ;fyLx¿

cj:yf xf] . o;sf/0f jg ;d"xx¿df ;fd'bflos cjwf/0fsf] ljsf;;Fu} tL ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug]{ sfd ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf nflu Ps k|fyldtfsf] ljifo aGb} cfPsf] 5 . o; n]vdf g]kfnsf sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnf -wgs'6f, t]x|y'd, ef]hk'/ / ;ª\v'jf;ef_ sl/a tLg jif{ -;g\ @)!# dfr{b]lv @)!^ d]_ sf aLrdf :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ePsf kxn, o;sf k|lqmofx¿ tyf pknlAwsf ;fy} r'gf}tLx¿sf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

!=@ g]kfndf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgsf] cj:yf

jg P]g, @)$( df pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;fd'bflos jg, sa'lnotL jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, ;+/lIft jg,

tyf wfld{s jgx¿nfO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . t/ ;fdfGotofM ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg eGg] ljlQs} ;fjp;x¿nfO{ g} ;lDemg] ul/G5 . o;sf] klxnf] sf/0f eg]sf] g]kfndf ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;ª\Vof t'ngfTds ¿kdf w]/} x'g' xf] . bf];|f], tL jg ;d"xx¿;Fu ;+nUg jf ;DalGwt 3/w'/Lx¿sf] ;ª\Vof w]/} x'g' xf] . t];|f], tL jg If]qx¿ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns -lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{+_ tyf k|zf;lgs lx;fan] -lhNnfx¿_ klg ;a} 7fpFx¿df /xg' xf] . rf}yf], ;fjp;x¿n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn t'ngfTds ¿kdf lgs} w]/} x'g' / tL If]qdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿;Fu jl/kl/ /x]sf ;d'bfox¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;DaGw /xg' xf] .

tflnsf !M g]kfndf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgsf] cj:yf -;g\ @)!# sf] h'nfO{ ;Ddsf] tYofª\s_

;ª\Vof ;+nUg 3/w'/Lx¿ If]qkmn -x]=_

! ;fd'bflos jg !*,!## @,@#&,!(% !,&)),)$*

@ ;fem]bf/L jg @) %^,^#&

# sa'lnotL jg &,$!# &$,(%) $@,&&#

$ ;+/lIft jg * !,##,&%*

;|f]t M MoFSC/GoN 2014

g]kfndf ;fjp;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof, If]qkmn tyf tL jgx¿;Fu ;DalGwt 3/w'/Lx¿sf] ;ª\Vof lgs} w]/} ePsf] sf/0f tL jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug]{ s'/f dxTTjk"0f{ ljifo ag]sf] 5 . sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnfdf klg jg;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿n] ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf dfWodaf6 jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug]{ k|of; ub}{ cfPsf] 5 -See: Carter et al. 2011, LFP 2013_ . xfn ;~rfng eO/x]sf] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdn] klg ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

!=# ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿sf nflu ;'zf;g s] xf] <

o; n]vdf ;fjp;x¿df x'g] jg Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg cEof;x¿sf cfwf/df ;'zf;gsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf cEof;x¿nfO{ x]bf{ ;fd'bflos jgdf ;'zf;g eg]sf] jg ;d"xx¿df kf/blz{tf, ;xeflutf, hjfkmb]lxtf, k|efsfl/tf tyf ljlwsf] zf;g h:tf kfFrj6f s'/fsf] cj:yfnfO{ a'‰g] ul/Psf] 5 . pQm cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;ª\3 g]kfn -km]sf]kmng_ tyf cGo jg If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] klg k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .


lrq ! M g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g cfFsngsf cfwf/x¿

;fjp;x¿df plNnlvt kfFrj6f ljifosf] cj:yf /fd|f] x'g'nfO{ ;fdfGotofM pQm jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g /fd|f] 5 eGg] cy{ nfUb5 . of] n]v oxL cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnfdf ;~rflnt jg kl/of]hgfsf lqmofnfkx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

!=$ cWoogsf] ljlw

of] n]v sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnfsf s]xL ;fjp;x¿df ul/Psf] :ynut cjnf]sg, 5nkmn tyf ;DalGwt ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sgdf cfwfl/t 5 . :ynut cjnf]sg cGtu{t jg kl/of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf ;fjp;x¿df uO{ tL lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{, tL lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] ;dodf ljleGg cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s 5nkmn / cGt/lqmofx¿df efu lng], ;fy} lqmofsnfkx¿

;~rfng eO;s]sf jg ;d"xx¿df ;~rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cjnf]sg ul/Psf 5g\ . ;DalGwt lqmofsnfkx¿sf nfeflGjt 3/w'/L tyf JolQmx¿, sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt :yfgLo sd{rf/L tyf ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx¿, / :yfgLo :t/sf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu klg 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;DalGwt sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|ltj]bgx¿ tyf o; n]v;Fu ;DalGwt n]v, /rgf / cGo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

@= jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/M sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ePsf l;sfO

@=! ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;d"xx¿sf] cj:yf

sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿ jg kl/of]hgfsf] lx;fan] ;'?cftb]lv g} k|fyldstfdf kb}{ cfPsf If]q x'g\ . o; If]qdf vf8]{k, g'S;]km, PnPkmkL -See: LFP 2013_

;|f]t M km]sf]kmg @)^&, vltj8f @)^( / /fO{ / e08f/L @)&! df cfwfl/t

/fO{ / ;fyLx¿ /fO{ / ;fyLx¿


x'Fb} xfn ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg

;d"xx¿sf] ;ª\Vof tyf ltgLx¿n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn klg t'ngfTds ¿kdf lgs} 7"nf] 5 .

tflnsf @ M sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgsf] If]qkmn -x]S6/df_

k|sf/ ef]hk'/ t]x|y'd;ª\v'jf ;ef

wgs'6f s"n Ü

;fd'bflos jg 39025.6 17161.5 30260.0 28921.1 115368.2 50.0

sa'lnotL jg 784.0 121.6 4.9 0.0 910.5 0.4

lghL jg 31.2 9.3 9.9 63.5 113.9 0.0

wfld{s jg 0.0 0.0 11.3 37.7 49.0 0.0

;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg 36700.6 7335.6 46891.0 54.1 90981.4 39.4

;+/lIft If]q 0.0 0.0 23300.2 0.0 23300.2 10.1

s"n 76541.4 24628.0 100477.3 29076.5 230723.2 100.0

;|f]t M DFO-Bhojpur 2069 BS; DFO-Tehrathum 2069; DFO-Sankhuwasabha 2069; DFO-Dhankuta 2069. cited in DVN

and NPRMS 2013

tflnsf @ df pNn]v ePsf] tYofª\sn] sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ;fjp;n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn t'ngfTds ¿kdf lgs} w]/} ePsf] s'/f :ki6 b]vfPsf] 5 .

oL lhNnfx¿df s"n !%@% ;fjp;, @(@ sa'lnotL jg, !@# lghL jg, & wfld{s jg / ! ;+/lIft If]q -;ª\v'jf;ef lhNnfdf /x]sf] dsfn' a?0f /fli6«o

tflnsf #M sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg tyf pkef]Qmf 3/w'/Lsf] ;ª\Vof

k|sf/ ef]hk'/ t]x|y'd ;ª\v'jf;eff wgs'6f s"n

! ;fd'bflos jg 531 333 284 377 1525

@ sa'lnotL jg 188 100 4 292

# lghL jg 43 15 12 53 123

$ wfld{s jg 2 2 3 7

% ;+/lIft If]q 1 1

s"n 764 448 303 433 1948

;|f]t M lhjsf—wgs'6f @)&@, lhjsf—t]x|y'd @)&@, lhjsf—ef]hk'/ @)&@, lhjsf—;ª\v'jf;ef @)&@


lgs'~h_ /x]sf 5g\ . jg Joj:yfkgsf plNnlvt ;ª\Vofx¿;Fu cfa4 ePsf 3/w'/Lx¿sf] ;ª\Vof x]bf{ ;fjp;;Fu dfq} !$&*%^ 3/w'/L ;+nUg ePsf 5g\ eg] sa'lnotL jgdf @^@^ 3/w'/L ;+nUg ePsf 5g\ -lhjsf wgs'6f @)&@, lhjsf t]x|y'd @)&@, lhjsf ef]hk'/ @)&@, lhjsf ;ª\v'jf;ef @)&@_ .


^ ;3g jg eGgfn] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf rf/ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{sf nflu 5flgPsf jg ;d"xx¿ x'g\ . rf/ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk eGgfn] hLljsf]kfh{g, hnjfo' cg's"ng, jg Joj:yfkg, tyf jg ;d"xsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; kb{5g\ .

@=@ jg kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt jg ;d"xx¿

sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df /x]sf jg ;d"xxx¿ dWo] s] slt jg ;d"xx¿df jg kl/of]hgfsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] olsg tYofª\s o; n]vdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . oBlk, sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ljleGg jg kl/of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ePsf sf/0f klg o; If]qdf /x]sf ax';ª\Vos jg ;d"xx¿ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf jg kl/of]hgfx¿af6

nfeflGjt ePsf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . h:t}M— bz jif]{ PnPkmkL cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkaf6 dfq} sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnf nufot b]zsf s"n !% j6f lhNnfdf s"n %,))) eGbf a9L ;fjp;x¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ -LFP 2013:14_ . o;} u/L xfn ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmds} s'/f ubf{ klg lhNnfsf] sDtLdf ## k|ltzt jg ;d"xx¿df of] sfo{qmd k'¥ofpg] nIo ePsf] sf/0f klg sDtLdf lhNnfsf ## k|ltzt jg ;d"xx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .

tflnsf $ M ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf uflj;, ;fjp; tyf ;fjp;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof

lhNnfx¿ uflj;x¿ gu/kflnsf ;fjp;

s"n nfeflGjt s"n nfeflGjt s"n nfeflGjt ;3g jg

wgs'6f 28 27 2 2 377 226 53

t]x|y'd 21 16 2 2 333 155 43

;ª\v'jf;ef 25 9 3 3 284 136 45

ef]hk'/ 54 44 2 2 539 328 75

s"n 128 96 2 9 1533 845 216

Ü 75.00 55.12 14.09;|f]t M RRN/FA 2015 and 2016, lhjsf wgs'6f @)&@, lhjsf t]x|y'd @)&@, lhjsf ef]hk'/ @)&@, lhjsf

;ª\v'jf;ef @)&@

of] sfo{qmd l;4fGttM sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -uflj;_ df /x]sf s"n ;fjp;x¿ dWo] sDtLdf &) k|ltzt ;fjp;df k'Ug'kg]{ x'gfn] nfeflGjt 3/w'/L x'g'kb{5 . xfn;Dd pknAw tYofª\s cg';f/ s"n *$% ;fjp;x? o; sfo{qmdsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿af6 nfeflGjt eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] @!^ ;fjp;df ;3g jgsf6 ¿kdf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . o;sf/0f tflnsf $ n] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf] nfeflGjt jg ;d"xsf] ;ª\Vof 7"n} ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .

@=# jg kl/of]hgf ;~rfngsf] 9fFrf

sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df jg kl/of]hgfx¿ ;~rfngsf] 9fFrf ;do cGt/fndf kl/jt{g x'Fb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . g's;]km tyf PnPkmkL cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkx¿ l8PkmcfO8Ln] :yfgLo jg ;d"x tyf :yfgLo ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;fem]bfl/tfdf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] eg] -LFP 2013_ ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd eg] ljleGg ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿nfO{ -vf;u/L /fli6«o :t/sf_ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf



¿kdf lnO{ sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .7 ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{t jg

;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;fdfGotofM tLg txdf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ .

& s"n tLg jif{ rf/ dlxgf -@)^( r}tb]lv @)&# ;fpg_sf nflu ;~rfng eO/x]sf ax'/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ b'O{ r/0f -klxnf] / bf];|f] r/0f_df ljefhg u/]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 . klxnf] r/0f cGtu{t ;g\ @)!@ dfr{b]lv @)!% dfr{;Dd / bf];|f] r/0f cGtu{t dfr{b]lv @)!^ h'nfO;Ddsf] cjlw kb{5 . s"n @! lhNnfnfO{ 5 ;d"x jf n6x¿df ljefhg u/L ;~rfng eO/x]sf] of] sfo{qmd sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnf -h;nfO{ n6 Ps elgPsf] 5_ eg] g]kfn u|fdL0f k'gMlgdf{0f ;+:yf -cf/cf/Pg_ / km/]i6PS;g g]kfnn] lhNnf :t/sf ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . bf];|f] r/0fsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;~rfngsf] 9fFrf klxnf] r/0f eGbf s]xL km/s 5 . o; r/0fdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu 5flgPsf ;fjp;sf pkef]Qmfx¿n] cfˆgf] jg ;d"xdf jg ;d"xx¿n] cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] :jd"Nofª\sg u/L pQm :jd"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/df tTsfnLg\ -Ps jif{sf]_ tyf bL3{sfnLg -kfFr jif{ ;Ddsf]_ of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pQm of]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf tTsfnLg\ lqmofsnfkx¿ ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdn] s]xL ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx¿df :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf :yfgLo ;xhstf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿n] dWo:ttf ug]{ sfd ub{5g\ .

lrq @ M jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ k|of;sf 9fFrf tyf k|lqmofx¿

;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] ¿kdf lhNnf :t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;+nUg eO{ ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf nflu lhNnf :t/Lo ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg ;dGjo ;ldlt -h;nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf District Forestry Sector Coordination Committee jf DFSCC elgPsf] 5_ sf] a}7sx¿df ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{, lqmofsnfkx¿sf] cg'df]bg u/fpg], ;DkGg ePsf sfo{qmdsf af/]df lhNnf :t/df ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO ug]{, lhNnf :t/Lo ax';/f]sf/jfnf

lgsfox¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug]{ h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . bf];|f] :t/sf lqmofsnfksf ¿kdf uflj; :t/Lo ax';/f]sf/jfnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{ sfdsf] kxn tyf o;sf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{, tyf pQm ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf] uflj; :t/Lo ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;~rfngsf nflu ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;ldltn] ;DalGwt uflj;x¿df ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿sf]



5gf}6 ug]{, uflj; :t/Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO ug]{, tyf cGo lgsfox¿;Fu ;Defljt ;fem]bfl/tfsf nflu ;dGjo ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . t];|f] :t/sf lqmofsnfksf ¿kdf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL cg'lzIf0fsf] sfo{qmd tyf tflndx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{, dlxnf tyf clt ljkGg 3/w'/Lx¿sf] pk;d"x -h;nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf Disadvantaged Group [DAG] jf 8\ofu u|'k elgG5_ u7g u/L pQm pk;d"xx¿sf] dfWodaf6 ;fd'bflos jg tyf uflj;df /x]sf ljleGg lgsfox¿df pgLx¿sf] dfu tyf cfjZostfx¿sf] p7fg ug]{, ;d"x :t/sf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

@=$ jg kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt 3/w'/Lx¿

jg kl/of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt 3/w'/Lx¿sf] olsg tYofª\s k|fKt ug]{ s'/f Tolt ;xh geP klg ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿n] cfkm"n] ;~rfng u/]sf kl/of]hgfsf nfeflGjt 3/w'/Lx¿sf] ;ª\Vof oyf;Sbf] w]/} agfpg rfxG5g\ . PnPkmkL cGtu{t ;~rfng ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿af6 dfq} sl/a ^,%@,))) 3/w'/L k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ¿kdf nfeflGjt ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 -LFP

2013:16_ . PnPkmkL tyf g]kfn l:j; ;fd'bflos jg kl/of]hgf -NSCFP_ b'a} sfo{qmdaf6 s"n &,@@% ;fjp;df cfa4 s"n &,%$,()) 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 -NCSP 2011:1_ . pQm tYofª\s leq sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfsf jg ;d"x tyf tL ;d"xx¿df cfa4 3/w'/Lx¿ klg kb{5g\ . To;}u/L xfn sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ;~rflnt ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdaf6 ut ;g\ @)!% sf] cGt;Dd ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿af6 dfq} klg s"n #!,*%$ JolQm nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

@=% jg kl/of]hgfsf ;sf/fTds k|efjx¿

jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df

s]xL ;sf/fTds k|efjx¿ kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . s]xL k|d'v k|efjx¿sf] rrf{ tn ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf] ljsf; M :yfgLo jg ;d"xsf sfo{;ldltsf] ;+/rgf ;dfj]zL x'g'kg]{ s'/f ;fd'bflos jgsf] gLltut tyf sfg"gL clgjfo{tf xf] . pQm s'/f ljleGg jg gLlt, sfg"g, lgodfjnL tyf dfu{bz{gx¿df :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . o;sf/0f sfg"gtM ;fjp;sf sfo{;ldltx¿df dlxnf nufot ;d'bfodf ePsf ljljwtfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' kb{5 . sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ;~rflnt jg kl/of]hgfx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . h;dWo] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{t klg ljleGg k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . tL lqmofsnfkx¿n] Pslt/ jg ;d"xsf sfo{;ldltsf] ;+/rgfdf ;dfj]lztfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ jg;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg e]nf, 5nkmn, tflnd tyf uf]i7Lx¿df ;d'bfosf ;a} tx, ju{, n}lª\us ;d"x, tyf hfthfltx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9fPsf] 5 . ef]hk'/ lhNnf af]lvd ufpF l:yt ej]v'–lr;fkfvf–lkKn] ;fjp;sf cWoIf k|tLIff >]i7n] lj=;+=@)&@ sf] kmfu'g dlxgfdf ePsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;d'bfosf ;a} ju{ tyf ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿sf] pNn]vgLo ;xeflutfsf af/]df lh1f;f /fVbf o;/L k|ltlqmof lbOg\,

æ======ljleGg k|sf/sf 3/fo;L sfdsf afah'b klg cfhef]ln xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf a}7s tyf 5nkmnx¿df lbbL alxgL tyf bfh'efOx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] ljleGg jg kl/of]hgfsf dfWodaf6 xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf ljleGg 5nkmnx¿df cfpg] sd{rf/Lx¿n] ug'{ ePsf] ;xhLs/0f, tflnd tyf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ x'g\ . o;}u/L ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿n] lbg] u/]sf ;xof]ux¿n] klg xfd|f lbbL



alxgL tyf bfh'efOx¿nfO{ jg ;d"xsf lqmofsnfkx¿df ;xefuL x'g'kg]{ /x]5 / o;/L ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xefuL x'Fbf cem w]/} ;xof]ux¿ kfOg] /x]5 eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . ===Æ

-v_ ;'zf;gsf] dxTTjsf af/]df hgr]tgfsf] ljsf; M ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿n] jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g eg]sf] s] xf], of] lsg cfjZos 5, / o;sf] ;'wf/ s;/L ug]{ eGg] ljifox¿df hgr]tgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿dWo] ;'zf;g ;DaGwL cg'lzIf0f sfo{qmd, ;'zf;gsf] :jd"Nofª\sg, tyf ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f -bL3{sfnLg tyf tTsfnLg_ ug]{ tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lqmofsnfkx¿n] ;d'bfodf yk hgr]tgf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xdf ;'zf;g :jd"Nofª\sgsf af/]df ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] KofpnL uflj; l:yt /fFs] ;fjp;sf pkef]Qmf uª\uf tyf hd'gf o;f] eG5g\

æ===dfs'/Lhfnf] ljlwaf6 xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g cj:yfsf] :jd"Nofª\sg u/]kl5 xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L ePsf] 5 . ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf] w]/} s'/fx¿df ;'wf/ ug'{kg{] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L

ePsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ clxn] xfd|f] jg pkef]Qmf ;b:ox¿df jg ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf] dxTTjsf af/]df hgr]tgfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . clxn] xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf sfo{;ldlt ;b:o tyf pkef]Qmfx¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu kxn ug{ yfn]sf 5f}F . xfdLn] clxn];Dd u/]sf lqmofsnfkx¿n] xfdL ;a}nfO{ lhDd]jf/L tyf hjfkmb]xL x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f l;sfPsf] 5 .===Æ

-u_ dlxnfx¿sf] g]t[Tj tyf ;xeflutfdf j[l4 M jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿n] jg ;d"xx¿df x'g] 5nkmn tyf cGo lqmofsnfkx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf k|foM ;a} jg ;d"xx¿df dlxnfx¿n] g]t[Tj lng yfn]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ljeGg lqmofsnfkx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] ;ª\VofTds ;xeflutf klg a9\b} uPsf] s'/f ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿ atfpF5g\ . o;sf cnfjf, jg ;d"xx¿df dlxnf, blnt, ul/a tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf alxis/0fdf kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] pk;d"x -8\ofu u|'k_ agfO{ pQm pk;d"xsf dfWodaf6 pgLx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ ;d'bfosf ljleGg ;ef, e]nf, 5nkmnx¿df p7fg ug]{ k|of;x¿ ePsf 5g\ .

tflnsf % M ;3g jgsf ¿kdf 5gf}6 ePsf ;fjp;x¿df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cj:yf

qm=;+= lhNnfx¿ s"n ;fjp;

;3g jg

cWoIf ;lrj d'Vo kbdf blnt

k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf! wgs'6f 377 53 46 7 16 37 1 1@ t]x|y'd 333 43 40 3 5 38 0 0# ;ª\v'jf;ef 284 45 39 6 39 6 0 2$ ef]hk'/ 539 75 70 5 6 69 4 3

s"n 1533 216 195 21 66 150 5 6

;|f]t M RRN/FA 2015 and 2016, lhjsf wgs'6f @)&@, lhjsf t]x|y'd @)&@, lhjsf ef]hk'/ @)&@, lhjsf

;ª\v'jf;ef @)&@, ;DalGwt ;fjp; @)!^



ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf ;3g jg ;d"xsf sfo{ ;ldltx¿df dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt cWoIf kbdf sd eP klg ;lrj kbdf eg] ;fdfGotofM w]/} b]lvG5 . pQm tYofª\sn] jg ;d"xsf sfo{sf/L kbx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] pkl:ylt lj:tf/} a9\b} uPsf] ;ª\s]t ub{5 . :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df dlxnfsf] Ifdtf tyf g]t[Tj ljsf;sf ljifodf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltjf/L e~Hofª uflj; l:yt xfDkmfnf ;fjp;sf ;lrj OlGb/f 9sfn tyf sf]iffWoIf dfof >]i7 o;f] eGGf'x'G5, æxfd|f] ;fd'bflos jgsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿df lgoldt ¿kdf ;xefuL ePsf sf/0f ca xfdL ;a} hgf ;fdflhs sfddf ;lqmo x'g l;s]sf 5f}FÆ .

-3_ jg ;d"xx¿ kf/bzL{ aGg yfn]sf M jg ;d"xx¿df ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg 5nkmn, uf]i7L, ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO, cg'lzIf0f tyf tflndsf lqmofsnfkx¿n] :yfgLo ;fjp;x¿ cfly{s ¿kdf kf/bzL{ x'g'kg]{ s'/fsf] cg'e"lt x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} pQm s'/fsf nflu s;n] s] ug'{ kb{5 eGg] af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug]{, of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{, of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, tyf tL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ;~rfng ePsf jf ;DkGg ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO, ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f, :jd"Nofª\sg tyf :jcg'udg h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿n] jg ;d"xx¿nfO{ kf/bzL{ aGg'kg]{ afWotf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . o; ljifodf ;ª\v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] l;4sfnL uflj; l:yt ;Nn]/L ;fjp;sf cWoIf u0f]z Gof}kfg] eG5g\,

æ===xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ ;Dk"0f{ pkef]Qmfx¿;Fusf] 5nkmn tyf pgLx¿sf] ;xdlts} cfwf/df lg0f{o ug]{ ub{5f}F . o;f] gu/] g xfdLn] u/]sf] sfd ;kmn x'G5 g t pkef]Qmfx¿n] g} dfG5g\ . olt dfq} x}g xfdLn] o;f] gu/]df

xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿n] klg :jLsf/ ub}{gg\ . ====Æ

-ª_ ;xeflutfTds cEof;sf] ;'?cft M w]/} ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿df ;xeflutf eGgfn] ;~rfng ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿ -e]nf, 5nkmn, uf]i7L, tflnd cflb_ df ePsf] pkl:yltnfO{ dfGg] rng 5 . t/ sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt jg kl/of]hgfx¿n] ;DalGwt lqmofsnfksf ;Dk"0f{ r/0fx¿ -;'?cftsf] 5nkmn, of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog, lqmofnfkx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg_df nfeflGjt 3/w'/Lx¿ ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ Psflt/ ;DalGwt lqmofsnfkdf pgLx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf tyf e"ldsfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cg'e"lt u/fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . csf]{lt/ pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ dfq} x}g dxTTjk"0f{ klg x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f ;DalGwt ;fjp;sf ;ldlt tyf pkef]Qmf b'j}nfO{ cg'e"lt x'g yfn]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ;fªkfª uflj; l:yt dxfb]j cfOtaf/] ;fjp;sf ;lrj ozf]wf yfdL cfˆgf] jg ;d"xdf ePsf] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L cfkm}+ lgjf{x ug'{x'G5 . To;}u/L oxL uflj;sf] u9L ;fjp;sf ;lrj ;'ldqf yfdL klg cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L ;lqmo ¿kdf cfkm}+ lgjf{x u5'{ eGg'x'G5 .

-r_ ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug]{ cEof;sf] ljsf; M u|fdL0f ;dfhdf /x]sf tyf sd cfoJoo ePsf w]/}h;f] jg ;d"xx¿sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . t/ jg kl/of]hgfx¿, h:t}M— ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ jg ;d"xsf cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t ug]{ sfddf k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 . h:t}M— ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGt{ut k|bfg ul/Psf cfly{s cg'bfgx¿ ;DalGwt ;fjp;x¿sf] a}ª\s vftfdfkm{t x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . jg



;d"xsf] sf]ifdf ;ª\sng ePsf] /sdsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ klg ;Dej eP;Dd a}lª\sª vftf jf r]saf6 ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg tyf ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . jg ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj kl/jt{g eP klg a}lª\sª sf/f]af/ k'/fgf] sfo{ ;ldltsf] gfd cyjf ;xL 5fkdf g} rNb} cfPsf jg ;d"xx¿df gofF sfo{ ;ldltsf] gfd tyf ;xL 5fkaf6 dfq} cfly{s sf/f]af/x¿ ug{sf nflu ;xhLs/0f ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ;ª\v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] jfgf uflj; l:yt vK6'jf ;fjp;sf jt{dfg cWoIf -gofF sfo{;ldlt_ sf cg';f/ o; ;fjp;df ut @)&@ ;fndf sfo{;ldltsf] k'gu{7g eof] . sfo{;ldltsf] k'gu{7g eP klg cfly{s sf/f]af/sf nflu a}ª\ssf] b:tvt kl/jt{g geP;Dd ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdn] s'g} cfly{s cg'bfg tyf ;xof]u glbg] c8fg lnof] . kmn:j¿k k'/fgf] sfo{;ldltn] afWo eP/ cfly{s sf/f]af/sf nflu a}ª\ssf] b:tvt gofF sfo{;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u¥of] . o;kl5 dfq} ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmdn] pQm jg ;d"xnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/, jg Joj:yfkg, hnjfo' cg's"ng, tyf ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf nflu k|bfg ug]{ cg'bfg tyf ;xof]u /sd k|bfg u¥of] .

@=^ jg kl/of]hgfsf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿

;'zf;g ;'wf/sf k|of;x¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df s]xL gsf/fTds k|efjx¿ klg kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . s]xL k|d'v gsf/fTds k|efjx¿sf af/]df tn rrf{ ul/G5 .

-s_ kl/of]hgfd'vL lqmofsnfkx¿df lge{/ x'g] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; M jg kl/of]hgfx¿ cGtu{t ;~rfng ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿nfO{ kl/of]hgfd'vL lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ tyf jg;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg sfd ug{sf nflu kl/of]hgfs} ;xof]u tyf ;xhLs/0fsf] d'v tfSg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] ljutdf ;~rfng ePsf jg kl/of]hgfx¿sf] k|efj xf] . kl/0ffd:j¿k jg;Fu ;DalGwt sfdx¿ t kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ;xof]u kfP

kl5 dfq} ug]{ xf] eGg] efjgf tyf cEof;x¿sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . h:t}M— ax';f/]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkx¿ gk'u]sf jg ;d"xx¿df ;d]t ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ePkl5 xfd|f] ;a} sfdsf nflu pQm kl/of]hgfn] ;xof]u ub{5 -h:t}M— ljwfg sfo{of]hgfsf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfd_ eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj; l:yt xflQdf/] ;fjp;sf ;b:ox¿n] ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ePkl5 xfd|f] jg ;d"xsf] ljwfg sfo{of]hgfsf] kl/dfh{g tyf jg ;d"xsf] gjLs/0f ug{ d2t ug]{5 egL klv{ a;]sf] s'/f atfpF5g\ . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] o; jg ;d"xsf] klxnf] tyf bf];|f] ljwfg sfo{of]hgf tyf pQm jg If]qdf ePsf] nf]Stfsf] ;|f]t dfkg -OGe]G6«L_ PnPkmkLn] ul/lbg' xf] . h;n] ubf{ pQm jg ;d"xdf jg ;d"xsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd jg kl/of]hgfsf] xf] eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .

-v_ jg ;d"xsf] g]t[Tjk|lt :yfgLo :t/df gsf/fTds ljrf/sf] ljsf; M jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xsf g]t[TjnfO{ ;lqmo agfPsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] ;lqmotf Psflt/ :j}lR5s -j]tnaL_ x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ jg kl/of]hgfx¿n] klg g]t[TjnfO{ eGbf ;d'bfosf ;a}eGbf ljkGg tyf ul/a 3/w'/Lx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfxG5 . h;n] ubf{ ;}4flGts ¿kdf jg ;d"xsf g]t[Tjx¿n] k|ToIf ¿kdf s'g} nfe kfpFb}gg\ . o;/L s'g} klg nfe gkfP klg ;d'bfosf g]t[Tjx¿ ;lqmo x'g' kb{5 t/ pgLx¿ lsg ;lqmo x'G5g\ eGg] k|Zg g]t[Tj eGbf aflx/ /x]sf JolQmx¿df k}bf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k jg ;d"xsf g]t[Tjn] s]xL g s]xL t JolQmut kmfObf lnO/x]sf] x'g'kb{5 eGg] efjgf tyf ;f]rsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; ljifodf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj; l:yt gofFvs{ ;fjp;sf Ps pkef]Qmfn] pQm jg ;d"xsf cWoIf ;'?cftb]lv xfn;Dd klg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cWoIf



kbdf /xg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] pgn] ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿af6 s]xL g s]xL JolQmut nfe k|fKt ul//x]sf] x'g'kb{5 eGg] cfzosf] ljrf/ JoQm u/] . o;}u/L o; ;fjp;sf l5d]sL ;fjp; -xflQdf/] ;fjp;_ sf ;b:o tyf s]xL pkef]Qmfx¿n] klg o:t} cfzoo'Qm cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ . plNnlvt s'/fx¿n] ;fjp;sf g]t[Tjk|lt s]xL gsf/fTds ljrf/x¿sf] ljsf; ePsf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .

-u_ g]t[Tjdf s]xL ljt[i0ff l;h{gf x'b} uPsf] M ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf cEof;x¿ l;4fGttM nf]stflGqs x'g'kb{5 . ;fdfGo cy{df eGg'kbf{ jg ;d"xsf ;a} lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutf tyf ;xdltsf cfwf/df ul/g' kb{5 . Psflt/ jg ;d"x ;~rfngsf k|lqmofx¿ lgs} hl6n tyf sl7g 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ jg kl/of]hgf tyf jg ;|f]tsf] nfex¿ klg ;d'bfosf ljkGg tyf ul/ad'vL x'g'kb{5 . To;}u/L jg ;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ sfdx¿ kf/bzL{ agfpg' kg]{ gLltut tyf Jojxfl/s afWotf 5 . oL sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ jg ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj lng'eGbf glng' g} 7Ls eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj; l:yt gofFvs{ ;fjp;sf cWoIf -^* jifL{o cfz axfb'/ /fO{_ o; jg ;d"xsf] :yfkgfb]lv lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cWoIfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pgn] bf];|f] sfo{sfnb]lv g} g]t[Tj cGo OR5's JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ vf]h]sf x'g\ t/ pQm jg ;d"xsf s'g} klg JolQm xfn;Dd pgn] ;DxfNb} cfPsf] kb ;DxfNg tof/ 5}gg\ . kmn:j¿k pgL pQm jg ;d"xsf] cWoIf kbdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf lglj{/f]w aGb} cfPsf 5g\ . t/ ;d"xdf pgsf] g]t[Tjsf] hlt k|z+;f x'G5 ck|ToIf ¿kdf Tolt g} cfnf]rgf klg x'g] u/]sf] e]l6G5 . o:tf s'/fn] jg ;d"xsf] g]t[Tjdf lj:tf/} ljt[i0ffx¿ k}bf x'g yfn]sf] b]lvG5 .

-3_ k|lqmofut af]emx¿ ylkPsf] M ;fjp;x¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug'{ eg]sf] ;DalGwt jg

;d"xn] ljleGg k|lqmofx¿ cjnDag ug'{ xf] . h:t}M— ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿df ;d'bfosf ;a} JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{, sfo{;ldlt tyf g]t[Tjdf ;d'bfok|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf a9fpg], cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg], cfkm"n] u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿sf] cfly{s kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{, ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf] h; ckh; cfkm}+n] lng] h:tf s'/fx¿ kb{5g\ . plNnlvt s'/fx¿sf nflu jg kl/of]hgfx¿n] cg]sf}+ e]nf, 5nkmn, cg'lzIf0f tyf tflnd, uf]i7L tyf a}7sx¿sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;sf nflu Psflt/ ;d'bfosf ;a}nfO{ pkl:ylt x'g nufOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;d'bfosf g]t[TjnfO{ klg plNnlvt s'/fx¿ ;'lglZrt ug{ afWosf/L cj:yfx¿sf] l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ul/G5 . oL b'j} k|lqmof jf:tjdf jg ;d"xsf pkef]Qmf tyf g]t[Tjsf nflu yk af]em ag]sf 5g\ . To;sf] cnfjf kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu k'¥ofpg' kg]{ ljlw tyf k|lqmofx¿n] jg ;d"xx¿df k|lqmofut af]emx¿ yKg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

-ª_ :yfgLo 6f7faf7fx¿sf] jr{Zj

jg ;d"xx¿df dlxnf, blnt, hghflt, s]xL ljkGg ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sfo{ ;ldltx¿sf] u7g ePsf] b]lvP klg Jojxfl/s ¿kdf lg0f{o ubf{ jf x'Fbf :yfgLo :t/df :yflkt eO;s]sf 6f7faf7fx¿s} jr{Zj jf k|efj /x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿ b]vfj6L tyf sfuhL k|ltj]bgx¿df dfq} ;Lldt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf wgs'6f lhNnfsf] a'9Ldf]/ª uflj; l:yt lanfpg]kfvf ;fjp;sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L ;d"xsf cWoIfnfO{ dfq} yfxf 5 t/ ;ldltsf cGo ;b:ox¿nfO{ o;sf af/]df g hfgsf/L 5 g hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ eGg] ljifodf rf;f] g} 5 . o;}u/L ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltjf/L e~Hofª uflj; l:yt xfDkmfnf ;fjp;sf cWoIf jf;'b]j 9sfn klg cfˆgf] jg ;d"xsf k|d'v kbdf klxn]b]lv /x]sf sf/0f ;dfj]zLs/0fsf gfddf cfkm" /lxcfPsf] kb u'dfpg grfx]sf] s'/f pgsf] egfOdf JoQm x'G5 .



@=& ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf s]xL r'gf}tLx¿

;'zf;g ;'wf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ s]xL r'gf}tLx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . s]xL k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿sf] rrf{ tn ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ cfly{s c;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ulx/f] k|efj M jg ;d"xx¿df jf:tljs ;xeflutf x'g' eg]sf] ;d'bfosf ;a} ju{, n}lª\us ;d"x, tyf hftLo ;d'bfox¿sf] ef}lts pkl:ylt dfq} geO{ ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx¿df -5nkmn, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, d"Nofª\sg cflb_ efu lng], cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg] / cfˆgf cfjZostf jf dfux¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] vfnsf] lg0f{o ug]{ sfddf k|efljt ug]{ xf] . t/ tL s'/fx¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf ptfg]{ sfd lgs} hl6n 5 . lsgeg] o:tf s'/fx¿ JolQmsf] z}lIfs :t/, k]zf, ju{, hftLo ;d'bfo, wd{, n}lª\ustf cflb h:tf ;fdflhs k[i7e"ld tyf ;DkGgtf / ljkGgtf h:tf cfly{s cj:yfx¿n] k|efj kfl//x]sf x'G5g\ . JolQmsf] plNnlvt k[i7e"ldn] ;d"xdf cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . csf]{lt/ p;n] /fv]sf] ljrf/ jf egfOx¿sf] ;'g'jfO x'g] jf gx'g] s'/fx¿sf] lgwf{/0f ;d]t plNnlvt s'/fx¿s} cfwf/df x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf hftLo lx;fan] pRr jf tNnf] hft, n}lª\us lx;fan] dlxnf / k'?if, / juL{o lx;fan] ;DkGg / ljkGgk|ltsf] km/s Jojxf/ tyf b[li6sf]0fx¿ alnof] ¿kdf :yflkt eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . o'uf}+b]lv ljrf/ tyf Jojxf/df ufl8P/ /x]sf] o:tf s'/Lltx¿nfO{ 5f]6f] ;do cjlwsf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf kl/of]hgfsf lqmofnfkx¿n] kl/jt{g u/L ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug]{ sfd lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] Dofun'ª gu/kflnsf l:yt p/f7] ;fjp;sf n]vf;ldltsf ;b:o dLggfy bfxfn eGg'x'G5,

æ===jg kl/of]hgfsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿n] pgLx¿ -blntx¿_ nfO{ g} kmfObf eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;d'bfodf /x]sf blntx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj

x'g] u/L jg ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltx¿df pgLx¿sf] k|ltlglw /fv]sf 5f}F . t/ pgLx¿ xfd|f] ldl6ªdf slxn] klg cfpFb}gg\ . pgLx¿ ;ldltdf a:g klg dfGb}gg\ . pgLx¿ o;/L gcfpg'sf] vf; sf/0f eg]sf] b}lgs /f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of klg xf] ====.Æ

-v_ lkt[;QfTds ;f]r tyf Jojxf/sf] k|efj M g]kfnL u|fdL0f ;dfhsf] Ps k|d'v ljz]iftf eg]sf] lkt[;QfTds ;f]r tyf Jojxf/ xf] . pQm ;f]r cg';f/ dlxnf sdhf]/ x'G5g\, dlxnfn] 3/sf] sfd -eft ksfpg], n'uf w'g], efF8f df‰g], ;/;kmfO{ ug]{, 3fF; bfp/f ug]{ cflb_ dfq} ug'{ kb{5, dlxnfn] aflx/sf] sfd -h:t}M— e]nf, a}7s, ;ef cflbdf hfg]_ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ / ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] h:tf ljrf/ tyf ToxL cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ ul/G5 . o:tf] ;f]r tyf Jojxf/sf sf/0f Psflt/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ jg ;d"xsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿df ;xefuL u/fpg lgs} sl7g 5 eg] csf]{lt/ zf/Ll/s ¿kdf pkl:yt eP klg pgLx¿sf] ;lqmo tyf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf sdhf]/ g} 5 . dlxnfx¿ 3/ u[x:yLsf] af]emaf6 d'Qm x'g' kb{5 . pgLx¿n] k'¿if ;/x sfd ug{, lg0f{o ug{ / g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ Jojxfl/s cEof;df ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . h'g s'/f g]kfnL ;dfhsf] kl/j]zdf lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf t]x|y'd lhNnf Olzj' uflj; l:yt n'sfpg] rf}tf/f] ;fjp;sf ;lrj 8Da/ s'df/L e08f/Lsf] >Ldfg\ ufoqL e08f/L -k]zfn] :yfgLo Ps ljBfnosf] k|wfgfWofks 5g\_ eGg'x'G5,

æ===d @)%@ ;fnb]lv o; jg ;d"xdf ;lrjsf] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . clxn] o; kbdf d]/L >LdtLnfO{ /flvPsf] eP klg pgsf] ;a} sfd d cfkm}+n] g} ub}{ 5' . ;lrjdf dlxnf /fVg'kg]{ afWotf ePsf sf/0fn] dfq} xfdLn] d]/L >LdtLsf] gfd /fv]sf xf}F . 3/df ;fgf] aRrf 5, pgsf] x]/rfx ug]{, vfgkfg ug]{ h:tf sfdn] pgnfO{ oL ;a} sfd ug{ sxfF km';{b x'G5



/ Û To;}u/L d}n] ub}{ cfPsf] sfd pgn] olt ;lhnf] u/L g t ug{ ;lS5g\ g ug{ g} EofpFl5g\ . ===Æ

o;}u/L t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] j;Gtk'/ l:yt ebf}/] ;fjp;sf ;lrj uLtf a/fn -sfsL{_ b'O{ jif{b]lv pQm jg ;d"xsf] ;lrj kbdf x'g'x'G5 . t/ clxn];Dd pQm jg ;d"xsf] s'g} klg a}7s jf ldl6ªdf guPsf] s'/f atfpFl5g\ . pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf pQm sfd ;x;lrj af]w/fh lg/f}+nfn] ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . t]x|y'd lhNnfs} j;Gtk'/ l:yt dxle/ ;fjp;sf ;lrj ljlgtf afFlgof klg b'O{ aif{b]lv jg ;d"xsf] ;lrj l5g\ . t/ pQm ;do cjlwsf aLrdf ePsf s'g} klg a}7sx¿df hfg g;s]sf] / pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf pQm sfd pgsf >Ldfg\n] ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] s'/f atfpFl5g\ . oL b'j} jg ;d"xsf ;lrjx¿ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf lx;fan] P;Pn;L kf; u/]sf eP tfklg jg ;d"xdf ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g g;Sg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f lkt[;QfTds ;f]r tyf Jojxf/ g} ePsf] b]lvG5 .

-u_ jg ;d"xx¿ JolQmut p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ ug]{ ynf]sf] ¿kdf k|of]u x'g' M jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;gsf] ;'wf/ ta;Dd x'g ;Sb}g ha;Dd :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf g]t[Tjn] pQm jg ;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿df ckgTjsf] ljsf; u/L o;}sf] ljsf; tyf k|jw{gsf nflu dfgl;s ¿kd} tof/ eO{ sfd ub}{gg\ . t/ sf]zL kxf8L rf/ lhNnfdf /x]sf jg ;d"xx¿sf] :ynut cWoog, cjnf]sg tyf 5nkmn ubf{ y'k|} ;fjp;sf g]t[Tjx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xnfO{ JolQmut ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf lng] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L jg ;d"xsf] g]t[TjnfO{ /fhgLlts tyf cGo If]qdf g]t[Tj lng] dxTTjk"0f{ v'l6\snfsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf sfdx¿ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf cf]e]mndf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

-3_ ;'zf;g tyf g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0fsf aLrsf] tfnd]n M ;fjp;x¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu Psflt/ oyfjt /x]sf g]t[Tjx¿df cfjZos

1fg, Ifdtf, tyf cg'ejx¿sf] ljsf; ug'{ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;dfj]zLtfsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ gofF JolQmx¿nfO{ g]t[Tjsf] x:tfGt/0f klg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ gofF g]t[Tj rog ug]{ ljifon] jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug]{ sfddf r'gf}tL yk]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} :yflkt g]t[Tjx¿n] cfˆgf] JolQmut p2]Zo jf :jfy{ -dflyNnf] a'Fbfdf rrf{ ul/P h:tf] /fhgLlts :jfy{, JolQmut k|lti7f, cfGtl/s p2]Zo [hidden

interest] cflb_ kl/k"lt{ geO{ ;xh ¿kdf g]t[Tj 5f8\g :jLsf/ g} ub}{gg\ eg] csf]{lt/ x:tfGt/0f eP klg gofF sfo{;ldltdf Ifdtf tyf cg'ejsf] cefjsf sf/0f g]t[Tjdf yk ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ gofF g]t[Tj :yflkt ug]{ sfd r'gf}tLk"0f{ aGg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj; l:yt xflQdf/] ;fjp;df b'O{ sfo{sfnsf] g]t[Tj ;Dxfn] kl5 k'/fgf] sfo{;ldltn] lj=;+= @)^( lt/ gofF sfo{;ldltnfO{ jg ;d"xsf] ;Dk"0f{ g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f u¥of] . t/ pQm gofF sfo{;ldltsf w]/}h;f] ;b:ox¿df jg ;d"x s;/L ;~rfng ug]{, vftfkftf tyf sfuh kqx¿ s;/L tof/ ug]{ eGg] s'/fx¿sf af/]df k|fljlws 1fgsf] cefj ePsf sf/0f pQm jg ;d"xn] xfn g lgoldt a}7s ;~rfng ug{ ;s]sf] 5 g cfjZos k|lqmofx¿sf] ;xhLs/0f u/L ldlt ;lsPsf] ljwfg sfo{of]hgf ;+zf]wg u/L ;fjp;sf] gjLs/0f g} ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . o; ljifodf pQm jg ;d"xsf jt{dfg cWoIf ofds'df/L /fO{ eGg'x'G5, æ=== xfdL t g n]vk9 ePsf 5f}F g o:tf] sfdsf af/]df cg'ej g} 5, clxn];Dd t xfdL s] ug]{, s;/L ug]{, s] gug]{ s]xL hfg]sf g} 5}gf}F ===== .Æ pQm 36gfn] jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ jf cGo sf/0fx¿n] x'g] u/]sf] g]t[Tj kl/jt{g tyf ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf aLrdf tfnd]n x'g g;s]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 .

-ª_ ;|f]tsf] lbuf]kgf tyf k|z:ttfsf] cefj M sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ePsf ;fjp;x¿nfO{ x]bf{ jg ;d"xx¿sf] cfDbfgL g t lbuf] 5 g k|z:t g} .



o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] jg If]qx¿df cfly{s pTkfbg ug{sf nflu k|z:t jg ;|f]t gx'g' / ;|f]t eP klg ;|f]tdfly /fHosf] lgoGq0fd'vL gLlt tyf sfg"gx¿ x'g' xf] . h;n] ubf{ ;Dalwt jg ;d"xx¿ ;'zf;g ;'wf/ nufot cGo lqmofsnfkx¿sf nflu kl/of]hgf tyf afXo ;xof]ux¿sf] d'v tfSg'kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf xF'b} uPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj;df s"n @! j6f ;fjp; 5g\ . tL dWo] w]/}h;f] jg ;d"xx¿df cfGtl/s ;|f]t gePsf] / ;|f]t gePs} sf/0f tL ;fjp;x¿n] cfˆgf] ljwfg sfo{of]hgfsf] kl/dfh{g tyf gjLs/0f ;dodf ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f pQm uflj;sf ;fd'bflos jg dxf;ª\3sf cWoIf lg/s'df/ /fO{ atfpF5g\ .

-r_ JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s l/l;aL ;fFWg] ynf] aGg] u/]sf] M jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;d'bfosf g]t[Tjn] cfly{s kf/blz{tf sfod ug'{kb{5 . csf]{lt/ g]t[Tjn] ;d'bfosf ljkGg tyf ul/a 3/w'/Lx¿nfO{ a9L nfe lbg ;Sg'kb{5 . dfly rrf{ u/]em}F oL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ubf{ l;4fGttM g]t[Tjn] s'g} klg nfe kfpFb}g . csf]{lt/ jg ;d"xsf] sfd ug'{ eg]sf] cGo sfdeGbf k|zf;lgs lx;fan] w]/} k|sf/sf sfg"gL k|lqmof k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'gfn] lgs} em~hl6nf] x'G5 . pQm k|lqmofdf sxLF s]xL uNtL ePsf] v08df ;DalGwt jg ;d"xsf g]t[Tjn] sfg"gL ;hfo ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . jg If]qsf] pQm em~hl6nf] sfg"gL k|lqmof tyf gLlt lgodsf sf/0f jg ;d"xsf g]t[TjnfO{ sxLF st} ;'zf;g, cfly{s jf jg Joj:yfkgsf] vf]6 nufO{ JolQmut, kfl/jfl/s tyf /fhgLlts l/l;aL kf]Vg] u/]sf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ e]l6G5 . h:t}M— ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] ltDdf uflj;df /x]sf] rfFu] v/af/L ;fjp;df ut @)&@ ebf} dlxgfdf kfl/jfl/s l/l;aLsf sf/0f Ps pkef]Qmf / g]t[Tjsf aLr jg kmF8fgLsf] d'2f k¥of] . pQm d'2f kfl/jfl/s l/l;aLnfO{ lnP/ Ps pkef]Qmfn] jg ;d"xsf] cWoIfnfO{ jg km8fgL u/]sf] egL JolQmut d'2f nufP kl5 ;'? eof] . pQm jg ;d"xdf jg ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn]

jg If]qsf] s]xL efudf cld|;f] v]tL ug{sf nflu s]xL ;fgf ¿vsf af]6x¿ km8fgL u/]sf] lyof] . t/ pQm d'2fn] To; jg If]qdf km8fgL ug]{ !@ pkef]Qmf 3/w'/LnfO{ ;hfosf] eflubf/ agfof] . tL pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]zdf s]xL lbg y'gfdf klg /flvof] . To;kl5 k|lt 3/w'/L !) xhf/ b]lv @% xhf/;Dd JolQmut w/f}l6 /fvL y'gfd'Qm eP . sl/a 5 ;ft dlxgfsf] tfl/vkl5 d'2fsf] km};nf pgLx¿sf] kIfdf t eof] t/ pgLx¿n] /fv]sf] w/f}6L eg] lkmtf{ gePsf] s'/f :yfgLo ;d'bfo atfpF5g\ . o:tf 36gfx¿n] :yfgLo jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g JolQmut tyf kfl/jfl/s l/l;aL ;fFWg] ynf]sf] ¿kdf ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy} jg ;d"xsf] g]t[Tjk|lt g} gsf/fTds efjgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .

-5_ lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ckgTj tyf lbuf]kgf M :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofnfkx¿af6 7"n} hg;ª\Vof nfeflGjt ePsf] s'/f rrf{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 . t/ tL lqmofsnfkx¿ kl/of]hgfd'vL ePsf sf/0f ;DalGwt ;fjp;sf ;b:o tyf g]t[Tjdf ckgTjsf] efjgf ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . kl/of]hgfd'vL eGgfn] kl/of]hgfx¿n] kl/of]hgfs} nflu ;fjp;x¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5{g\ eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; x'g' xf] . o:tf] cj:yfn] jf:tjdf ;du| ;fjp;x¿sf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ k|of;x¿df g} uDeL/ k|Zgx¿ hGdfPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd cGtu{t bf];|f] r/0fdf ;3g jg ;d"xx¿df ;~rfng ul/Psf rf/ k|sf/sf ljifout lqmofsnfkx¿ -jg Joj:yfkg, ;'zf;g tyf ;+:yfut ljsf;, hnjfo' cg's"ng / hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/_ sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/of] . pQm of]hgfdf tTsfnLg lqmofsnfksf ¿kdf pNn]v ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfly{s ;xof]ux¿ k|bfg ul/of] . t/ cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdf e|d0f ul/Psf jg ;d"xx¿df tL of]hgfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lnFbf w]/}h;f] jg ;d"xx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] of]hgfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L



g} gePsf] tyf s]xL jg ;d"xx¿df ;fdfGo hfgsf/L eP klg lj:t[t 1fgsf] sld ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ pQm of]hgfsf af/]df :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ eg] lj:t[t hfgsf/L ePsf] e]l6Psf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ jg ;d"xdf ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ckgTj ;DalGwt jg ;d"xsf g]t[Tjdf 5 ls 5}g eGg] k|Zg xf] . o;n] jg kl/of]hgfsf ;fy} jg ;d"xdf x'g] lgoldt lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lbuf]kgfsf] ljifodf klg uDeL/ k|Zg v8f u/]sf] 5 .

#= 5nkmn;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] ;kmntfsf] dfkg ug]{ Ps k|d'v cfwf/ eg]sf] ;'zf;g xf] . o;sf] cy{ jg Joj:yfkgsf] gLltut k|fjwfg tyf cEof;x¿df ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;a}sf] ;xeflutf, lqmofsnfkx¿df g]t[Tjsf] hjfkmb]lxtf, lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|efjsfl/tf, lqmofsnfkx¿df ljlwsf] zf;g, tyf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿df kf/blz{tfsf] cj:yf xf] -/fO{ / e08f/L @)&!, vltj8f @)^( / MoFSC/GoN 2010) . o;sf cnfjf sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfx¿df ul/Psf] o; cWoogn] jg kl/of]hgfx¿af6 k|bfg ePsf] ;xof]usf] lg/Gt/tf tyf :yfgLo ;xhstf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;xhLs/0fsf] e"ldsfn] klg :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;kmn cEof;df dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

t/ kl/of]hgfsf dfWodaf6 ul/Psf k|of;x¿n] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'j} k|sf/sf k|efjx¿sf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljleGg k|sf/sf r'gf}tLx¿ klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . tL r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ lrb}{ jg ;d"xx¿df pTkGg ePsf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ cfufdL lbgdf Go"gLs/0f ub} o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ s;/L yk Jojxfl/s tyf kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf nflu yk cWoog tyf 5nkmn x'g h?/L 5 .

sf]zL kxf8L lhNnfdf ePsf jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|efj tyf r'gf}tLx¿af6 s]xL lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 . klxnf], ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkgsf cEof;x¿df ;'zf;gsf] ;'wf/ s;n], lsg, / s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f Jojxfl/s ¿kdf cGof]nsf] ljifo alg/x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf aLr uxg 5nkmn u/L ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿sf] km/s km/s e"ldsf tyf st{Josf ljifodf ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s :ki6tf x'g h¿/L 5 .

bf];|f], ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;d"xx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿df :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf g]t[Tjn] jf:tljs ckgTjsf] dx;'; u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . h;n] ubf{ jg ;d"xx¿df ;~rfng x'g] lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L tyf ckgTj ;fem]bf/ ;ª\3 ;+:yf, tL ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 ;xhLs/0f ug]{ ;xhstf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ eGbf tn k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . olb s]xL tn uP klg jg ;d"xsf g]t[Tj tyf ;d'bfosf s]xL 6f7faf7fx¿n] dfq} lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{ jftfj/0f ag]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ pkef]Qmfx¿df ckgTjsf] ljsf; s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] j}slNks ljlw, k|lqmof tyf cEof;sf] vf]hL ul/g' kg]{ h?/L 5 .

t];|f], ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿df lgoldt ¿kdf x'g] jf x'g'kg]{ lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lbuf]kgfsf ljifodf 7"n} r'gf}tL b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu ;fjp;x¿ :jfoQ ;+:yf x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;+:yfut tyf Jojxfl/s ljsf; x'g h?/L 5 t/ pQm s'/fsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pQm s'/f Psflt/ ;fd'bflos jgsf lqmofsnfkx¿ afXo ;xof]u jf kl/of]hgfd'vL aGb} uPsf s'/fx¿n] k'i6L u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;Dk"0f{ ;fd'bflos jg ;d"xx¿ lbuf] tyf :jfoQ ;+:yfsf ¿kdf ;~rfng x'g] ;+/rgfx¿sf] ljsf; g} x'g



;s]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ ;fjp;x¿ kl/of]hgfd'vL aGg] / kl/of]hgfx¿ klg ;d'bfox¿ k|lt eGbf bftfx¿k|lt pQ/bfoL aGb} hfg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . kl/of]hgfx¿ kl/of]hgfs} nflu geP/ ;d'bfon] ;d'bfos} nflu ug]{ lqmofsnfksf ¿kdf s;/L ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cEof;sf] ljsf; x'g lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu ;fjp;x¿ ;|f]tsf] b[li6n] lbuf] tyf ;+/rgfsf lx;fjn] :jfoQ x'g h?/L x'G5 .

o; ;Gbe{df ;d'bfonfO{ aflx/af6 hah{:tL nflbPsf gLlt, lgod, sfg"g tyf lqmofsnfkdf ;d'bfosf JolQmn] jf:tljs ckgTjsf] dx;'; ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] ljrf/ -Ostrom et al. 1992_ k'/fgf] eP klg ;fGble{s b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;dbfodf :jzf;g ;Dej 5 / pQm s'/f lbuf] aGgsf nflu ;d'bfodf /x]sf] ;+/rgfnfO{ dha'b agfpg' dxTTjk"0f{ x'G5 -Ostrom et al. 1992_ eGg] ts{ lgs} ;fGble{s 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df h]D; :s6n] /fHon] u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf s[ifs ;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg gLlt, sfg"g, tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf dfWodaf6 bdgsf] gLlt yf]kb}{ hfFbf tL ;d'bfox¿n] klg :yfgLo :t/df cfˆg} tl/sfsf] lj/f]w tyf k|lt/f]wx¿ ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f ub{5g\ (Scott 1985, Scott 1990, Scott 1998) . ;'zf;gsf ljleGg cfofdx¿sf] s'/f ubf{ ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿n] v'nf ahf/ tyf u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3 ;+:yfd'vL ;'zf;g k|0ffnLx¿sf] ljsf; u/]sf] x'G5 eGg] ts{ klg Tolts} ;fGble{s 5 . pQm k|0ffnLx¿n] /fHo s]lGb|t gLlt lgdf{0fsf zlQmx¿ tyf gLlt lgdf{0fsf] k/Dk/fkt k|0ffnLx¿dfly ;dfnf]rgfTds l6Kk0fL tyf r'gf}tLx¿ lbg ;s]sf 5g\ ls 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0f ul/g'kg]{ ts{ ul/Psf] 5 -Cashore 2002_ . o:tf k|fl1s ax;x¿n] g]kfndf cEof; ul/Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g ;'wf/sf pQd ljsNkx¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ sfdsf] Jojxfl/s kIfx¿df ;}4flGts cfwf/x¿ k|bfg ub{5 .

$= lgisif{:yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df ;'zf;g ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf 5g\ . ;~rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿n] ;DalGwt jg ;d"xx¿sf] -sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf lqmofnfkx¿ ;~rfng ePsf ;fjp;x¿_ ;'zf;gsf] ;'wf/ ug]{ sfddf s]xL of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ ;~rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿ ljutsf kl/of]hgfx¿ -h:t}M— PnPkmkL, g's;]km, vf8]{k cflb_ eGbf Jojxfl/s lx;fan] k[ys\ aGg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . h;n] ubf{ :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿df kl/of]hgfx¿sf sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf gsf/fTds k|efjx¿sf] lg/Gt/tf ePsf] 5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k jg ;d"xx¿df s]lGb|t ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ ;ª\3 ;+:yfx¿sf] e"ldsfsf] cfjZostf tyf ;fGble{stfdf g} k|Zg p7\g] jf p7fpg' kg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . Psflt/ :yfgLo jg ;d"xx¿ kl/of]hgfd'vL aGg] s'/fsf] lg/Gt/tf ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ oL lqmofsnfkx¿ g t lbuf] aGg ;s]sf 5g\ g :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ckgTjsf] efjgf g} ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5 . o;}u/L oL lqmofsnfkx¿n] ;d'bfodf JofKt ;fdflhs lje]btf tyf c;dfgtf -h:t}M— n+lª\us, hftLo, cfly{s_ x¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf r'gf}tL lbg] sfd klg ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .

;'zf;g ;'wf/sf lqmofsnfkx¿n] ;d'bfodf kf/]sf] k|efj tyf tL lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ b]lvPsf ljleGg r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ x]bf{ g]kfndf jg kl/of]hgf ;~rfng k|lqmofsf] 9fFrf tyf ;+/rgfdf l;h{gfTdstfsf] cefj /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kl/of]hgfx¿sf] 9fFrf tyf ;+/rgfdf l;h{gfTdstf eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] s'/fsf af/]df o; n]vn] oy]i6 ¿kdf rrf{ ug{ g;s] klg ;fdfGo cy{df eGg'kbf{ o:tf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] 9fFrf tyf k|lqmofx¿ kl/dflh{t x'g'kb{5 eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf dxTTjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf] ;~rflnt ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] g]t[Tj tyf ckgTj ;DalGwt



jg ;d"xx¿n] g} lng] jftfj/0f tyf cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug]{ xf] . o;sf nflu :yfgLo jg ;d'xx¿ cfly{s ¿kn] cfTdlge{/ tyf k|zf;lgs lx;fan] :jfoQ x'g ;Sg' kb{5 . t/ pQm s'/f clxn];Ddsf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] gLlt tyf cEof;sf cfFvfaf6 x]bf{ lgs} sl7g b]lvG5 . jg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfsf lqmofsnfkx¿n] o:tf vfnsf] kl/0ffdx¿ Nofpg] sfdsf] ;'?cft gug]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff tyf cEof;sf] ;fGble{stfdf g} lj:tf/} k|Zgx¿ p7\b} hfg ;Sg] ;Defjgfx¿ a9\b} hfg ;Sb5 . o;sf/0f g]kfndf jg If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;d'bfoåf/f Jojl:yt jg ;d"xx¿sf] ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu ul/g] kxn tyf ;xof]ux¿sf] 9fFrf tyf ;+/rgfsf af/]df a[xt\ tyf uxg 5nkmnsf] yfngL ug'{ ub{5 .

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vltj8f, ef]nf . @)^( . jg cleofg æv'/fsÆ . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg ;xhstf{ ;~hfn -sˆ;g_, g]kfn / lxdfnog u|fdL0f k|fs[lts

;|f]t Joj:yfkg dlxnf ;d"x -lxdjGtL_ g]kfn .

lhjsf, t]x|y'd . @)&@ . sfo{qmdsf] k|ult tyf ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg . lhNnf jg sfof{no -lhjsf_. t]x|y'd, g]kfn .

lhjsf, wgs'6f . @)&@ . sfo{qmdsf] k|ult tyf ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofsg k|ltj]bg . lhNnf jg sfof{no -lhjsf_. wgs'6f, g]kfn .

lhjsf, ef]hk'/ . @)&@ . sfo{qmdsf] k|ult tyf ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg . lhNnf jg sfof{no -lhjsf_. ef]hk'/, g]kfn .

lhjsf, ;ª\v'jf;ef . @)&@ . sfo{qmdsf] k|ult tyf ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg . lhNnf jg sfof{no -lhjsf_. ;ª\v'jf;ef, g]kfn .

km]sf]kmg . @)^) . sfg'gL ;|f]t k'l:tsf . sf7df8f}+ .

km]sf]kmg . @)^& . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x M ;'zf;g cfFsng ;xof]uL k'l:tsf . sf7df8f}+ .

jg ljefu . @)^% . ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfu{bz{g, bf];|f] kl/dfh{g, @)^% . sf7df8f}+ .

/fO{, h}nas'df/, e08f/L, sdn . @)&! . ;fd'bflos jgdf ;'zf;g ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ;xof]uL k'l:tsf . km/]i6PS;g g]kfn / cf/cf/Pg, sf7df8f} .


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