II6G 18711 18811 18911 19011 1910 '920 • 1 CHICACO DAILY TRIBUNE IT ••••• )'. j•••t••,tin - C -JOURNAL1•.•.•.1929

TRIBUNE'S ROOTS GO EVER DEEPERAS SCORES OF OTHERS FALTER, DIE

THISI DAILY'A'ElS LIVID1 TO I VIAlSAmtricall1.39.'42•••• 1842.·•••

e-MricIeI AcmrtIMr1849.'53

".. WtIIl854-'S6NeIlVeAmerIctIII'55-'S6

Htreld185"'60t.forIIIIIt'oat 1860-'65

• . 51 D ILY e-Itr 187.•••78:::.5 ~VED Pott••Mel1875-'78 The Tribune company has been a THE CHICAGOTRIBUNE,100 yean

A YIAl ORLESS T.legr.ph187••'" sin g 1e, continuous organization, old today, is the oldest newspaperITruth1••2··... without any mergers or any combl- in Chicago. That statement, how.approval and how he "drew h s R.puIlIc.lI1842·'43 &..td.,1900-'02 f

pen" thru the title Gem of the Pral- Ntwi1845-'46 6tPftt 1901.'03 nation with other newspapers, or ever, tells only a small part of arte, Writing in the third person, Cav.1itr1846-'47 Htreld191.•••1. the last 86 years. great story-the story of daily news-Col. Forrest said: Mornin9Med1846-'47 The story of THE TRIBUNE'Sline papers in America's second largest"In addition he [Co\. Forrest] D.mocr.tAr9us1850 of succession of editorship is briefiy city.

wrote on the margin of the proof: &p:~~~~:;ciel told. Here are THETRIBUNE'Sedl- Here are some of its strange and•We might as well call the paper Tlm•••• Citizen1852·'53 EV&NN, DISPATcn1"2-'99 tors and publishers during the last Interesting facts:the Yellow Flowers of the Prairie Cour.nt1853-'54 RECORD'"3-1901 100 years: THE CHICAGOTRIBUNEthru itsand have done with It.' This was Y0UlI9Am.ric.1854 , i John E. Wheeler and Joseph K. "blood lines "-the newspapers ithow he [Col. Forrest] finally pre- Her.1d1856-'57 CHRONICLE1"5-1908 has purchased and absorbed-is thevailed on his partners to name••the UniOll1857 •• i III C. Forrest-June 10, 1847. to Sept. outgrowth of the first publication ofjournal THE CHICAGOTRIBUNE. Ledg.r1857 TlMES-HERAlDI195-1901 24, 1847. any kind printed In Chicago. ThisHow much of an old man's ego' lun.tin"57 I ~ John E. Wheeler-Sept. 24, 1847,was the old Chicago Democrat,

tlsm this third person story excused H.r.1d••Tun •• 1860-'61 DEMOCRATPATCH1"5-1901 to June 30, 1851. started Nov. 26, 1833, and absorbedand how much real truth it obscured H.r.1d1873 AMERICAN1900-'3' 30 1851 by THE TRIBUNEin 1861.probably never will be known. PhotoIIIu.tr.ted1883 John Locke Scrlpps-June, , The absorption of this originalFirst Issue Put to Bcd Ev.

nin9Pre•• 1882 RECOR[).H~ 1901.'14 to June 12, 1852. Chicago paper 86 years ago was the

Ev.nin

9T.legr.m1882 Iii Henry Fowler-June 12, 1852, to very last infusion or amalgamationWith this background, then, it ». N._R.cord 1892·'93 EXAMINER1902··.. March 23, 1853. affecting THECHICAGOTRIBUNE.Thewas on Thursday, June 10, 1847, h f R.publ'lC8n1.95that the first daily issue of THE ]. K. C. F orrest, o~e of t e our D.mocr.t1901·'02 IDAY8OOK:'9""~7 I Thomas A. Stewart _ March 23, great trunk of The Tribune tree hasCHICAGOTRIBUNEwas" put to bed". founders of The Tnbune in 1847. :\ 1853,to June 18, 1855. grown steadily for an unparalleled

I HE ••EXAMNER191"'39 86 years without any new blood orCol. Forrest said, ••A sing e ro?m Three Year Tenure capital. The consolidations and fall.sufficed for all the then require- TRIBUNEon its financial and edi'l 1947 j I hi hments of the journal." . torlal feet. He recognized Chicago's 1830 1870 100 1890 1920 1930 1940 John C. Vaughan and Dr. C. H. ures of modern day ourna s w cThere already were two dally commercial possibilities and was Ray-June 18. 1855,to July I, 1858. ~~~:: ~~it~~c~f :~:u~~e~~:: :~~:

newspapers in Chicago. One of one of the first American news- John Locke Scripps-July 1, 1858,been only of academic interest tothese was the Chicago Democrat, paper men to inaugurate a commer- MEW51176 to March 21. 1861. THE TRIBUNE.first newspaper in the city, founded cial review. ILLU5T1ATIDTI•••15 1929 Dr. C. H. Ray-March 28, 1861,to The Fll'8t Tribunein 1833 by John Calhoun of Water- 63

town, N. Y., and taken over three They Come and Go d I HIIALD. A•••• leAM I9It Nov. 20, 18 . THECHICAGOTRIBUNJI}-againtrae-years later by "Long John" Went- In later years, both he an that Joseph Medill-Nov. 20, 1863, to Ing geneological "blood lines" thruworth, one of early Chicago's ~ost' ~oughty Presbyterian deacon, Wil· M 1941 Aug. 1, 1866. amalgamations, proprietors, and thepicturesque editors and pollttclans. ham Bross, were to rejoin THE Horace White-Aug. 1, 1866, to like-is the first newspaper to callThe other was Chicago's first daily TRIBUNEas partners, but in this . h r d Oct. 9. 1874. itself "Tribune." This Is based on

newspaper, the Chicago American, early day Scripps had no roseate Sixty-two daily newspapers have died in Chicago since The Tribune was founded 100 years ago. M?re than a thard of t. ese het Joseph Medill _ Oct. 9, 1874, to its connection with a tiny Chicagofounded in 1835by T. O. Davis as a views of THETRIBUNE'Sfuture. . less than a ear. Almost another third expired within five years of their first issue. S?me died by suspensIon. some merg~d With ot ~rs March 16, 1899. weekly Tribune, started April 4,Whig newspaper. The name was Several Tribune partners and edi h !'d' d th b ght out by stronger competitors. From thIS great field of newspaper enterprtse, five dally R b rt M Patterson-March 16, 1840.This was about a year beforechanged to the Chicago Express in tors came and went In the three to lose t err I entrty, an 0 ers were ou. •. •. 9 because it was then that the American born in 1900. took 0 e . Horace Greeley started his New1842and 18months later to the Chi- years which followed John Scripps' newspapers remain today. The Herald-American s barth year IS given as 193 ., d't' ' 1899,to April 1, 1910. York Tribune-the second ••Trib-cago Journal. It was the Chicago departure. Henry Fowler directed into its masthead half the name of the expiring Herald and Examiner. and absorbed the morning paper I Sunday e I IOn. Medill McCormick-l904 to 1909 une "-now known as the New York.TournaI which commented: the newspaper from June, 1852, [director and vice president], Herald Tribune, published under a"Chicago Daily Tribune-A large until March, 1853, with another t.n 1907 1917 1927 James Keeley-1910 to 1914 [gen. different, if equally alien and riding.

and well printed sheet with the newcomer, William Duane Wilson, eral manager and vIce presldentl. to-hounds ownership.above title was laid on our table as political editor, and the only sur- R b t R McCormick and Joseph Ten daily newspapers were found.this morning. Messrs. Wheeler and viving partner of the 1847 venture, M ~a~ferso'n-March 1, 1911,to 1925.ed in Chicago before THECHICAGOForrest are the editors of this paper, Thomas A. Stewart, as local and . TRIBUNEwas born. All of them t•.and the prospectus assures the pub- commercial editor. Robert R. McCormick - 1925 to day are dead and long since gone.lie that THETRIBUNEis to be •neu- Fowler was a man of strait- date. They were the Democrat, American,tral in nothing-independent in laced principles, and the severity Holders of Partnerships Republican, Express, Western Citi.everything.' of his views alienated many readers. zen, Journal, Daily News, Daily Cav.

Great CredIt Upon the Art TIlE TRI~UNEunder him supported Other men who held partnerships aller, Morning Mail, and Commer-••The mechanical execution of the Maine antl-llquor law and for a time in THECHICAGOTRIBUNEcial Advertiser. The Democrat and

T TRIBUNEIs beautiful and reo argued something of the sort for in the 100years include: the Western Citizen were absorbedfi:s great credit upon the art." Illinois. It criticized the Rock Is- Thomas A. Stewart and James by THETRIBUNE,The Daily News ofI ••mechanical execution" THE land railroad for running a train on Kelly, two of the four men who on that day has no connection with tht

TRI~UNEalways has been excellent. Sundar when :: there was no real June 10, 1847,founded THECHICAGOpresent publication of that name.Even its progenitor of 1840 was necessity for It. " TRIBUNE, Many Succumb to Timeknown as ••typografically a very In March, 18:>3,.two other part- Thomas J. Waite, who came in as Bet wee n June 10, 1847_ THEh d me sheet" ners came in, buying out the inter. business man~ger June 30. 1851,TRIBUNE'Sbirthday-and 1920, a to-~u~~ng the tirst few years two ests of ~olitical Editor Wilson. They upon Wheeler s retirement. tal of 53 dally newspapers were

made up the daily's editorial were TImothy Wright and Capt. William Duane Wilson, who came founded in Chicago. Of these, 52 are~e~ [later Gen,] Joseph Dana Webster, in June 12, 1852,when Scripps sold dead and buried. The only survivors ~h the editor which a civil engineer who was to have out, and was a leading political and is THETRIBUNE'1levening contempo-mant~~ so~~r;ell to Thomas'A. Stew- a ~Istinguished military career as editorial writer. rary, The Chicago Daily News, anart, and the city editor, who was builder of the Union forts of Pa- Timothy Wright and Capt. Joseph independent Republican newspaperthe one man reportorial staff. The ducah. and Cairo, and who became D. Webster, who took over Wilson's founded in 1876,15 years after THEeditor directed the policy, wrote the an assistant United States treasurer. interest March 23, 1853. TRIBUNE'slast consolidation. and 29editorials, and selected matter for Stewart Named EdItor years after its birth.reprinting from the out-of-town ex- Wright and Capt. Webster In- Joins Former Employers In the last 18 years, only threechanges, while the city editor stalled Tom Stewart, last of the Alfred Cowles, clerk on Vaughan other Chicago daily newspapersgathered and wrote all the local original TRIBUNEpartners, as editor and Medill's Cleveland Leader, who familiar to readers under the name.news. He was progressive and forceful, joined his former employers on THE they bear today have begun. TheyThere was no telegraf during holding strong anti-slavery views, TRIBUNElate in 1855. are the Herald-Amerlcan of 1939,

THE TRIBUNE'sfirst years and no but his health already was ailing. G P U ton a war corre- which traces Its name to the Chi.railroad touched Chicago from the The new partners realized they eorge . p , d cago American, founded here byeast until Feb. 30, 1852. needed fresh editorial blood. spondent dU~in~ the ~ivil war an William Randolph Hearst in 1900;Tiny as were its early beginnings, It was then that Capt. Webster a leading editorial writer from 1883 th Chi c ago Illustrated Times

THE TRIBUNEalways was a conten- got off a letter to his young ac- until he became a company director started In 1929 and an organ calledtious as well as a popular paper. quaintance, Joseph Medill, describ and vice president Jan. 27. 1890. the Chicago Sun, only 5* years old.From Its earliest days, it was the Ing in glowing terms the opportu William Bross, founder of the This newspaper's taproot lies Inchampion of human freedom. nities Chicago and THE TRIBUNE Herald of the Prairies of 1847,who the original Tribune, founded April

Denounces Human Slavery offered. came to THETRIBUNEwith Scripps 4. 1840. This weekly was publishedIt denounced human slavery and A month after Joseph Medill's ap· thru the consolidation with the by Charles N. Holcomb & Co., and

the spread of slavery. Altho it had pearance in The Tribune 0 f f Ice, Democratic Press in 1858 and was E:dward G. Ryan, later chief justicethe blood strain of that great 1111·Thomas A. Stewart, the last of the president of The Tribune Company of the Supreme court of Wisconsin,nols abolitionist, Zebina Eastman, four men who had founded the at the time of his death in 1890. He was Its editor.in It thru amalgamation of his newspaper, signed off his Journaf- was a lieutenant governor of 11Il. Original Chicago Enterprlll8Western Citizen in 1855,it was never Istlc career in a valedictory edlto- nois. The weekly Tribune lasted untilone of the radical abolitionist news- rial, wistful at severing all connec- William H. Rand, a printer who Aug. 21, 1841. when Holcomb '"papers until the Civil war came, In tion with the journal whose birth be cam e superintendent of THE Co. sold the news press and sub-.Toseph Medill's time. Then every he had attended and whose destinies TRIBUNE'sjob printing shop and a scription list to Elisha Starr of Mil.man had to stand and be counted on he had guided thru Its first eight member of THE TRIBUNEfirm In waukee who from It founded thtthe Issue of whether the Union was years, and hopeful he could regain 1861. In 1869,Rand purchased THE Milwaukee Journal. The name, how.to be preserved. his failing health in ••rural pur- TRIBUNE'sjob shop and with An. ever, was not sold, and It was takenDuring THE TRIBUNE'Sfirst 10 suits." It was not to be. Stewart drew McNally, another TRIBUNEless than seven years later by the

years, its management and editor- died three years later of tuberculo- printer. formed Rand, McNally & four founders of THE CHICAGOship changed rapidly. Opportunities sis. Co. TRIBUNEbecause, as one of themfor wealth and advancement were For THE CHICAGOTRIBUNEIt was John Young Scammon. pioneer related, It was "an original Chi-wide open in this frontier city of the end of an era, and the begin- Chicago attorney, who financed cago enterprise."16,859people. New ventures could ning of a new and dramatic one. Joseph K. C. Forrest's career with When THE CHICAGOTRIBUNEbe-be started on very little capital, and Power Presses Used THE TRIBUNE,had partnership In gan as a daily 100 years ago it wasa little diligence made them very In this first eight years THE the Chicago Journal, later was one printed on the press and with theprofitable. TRIBUNEhad occupied three butld- of the founders of the Republican, type which had been purchasedBecause of this, young men were Ings. a bitter enemy of THE TRmUNEIn from the estate of Benjamin Lundy.

ever eager to try something new. From hand presses It had pro- 1865, and still later founded the the founder of the abolitionist mov••Two weeks after the first CHICAGOgressed to power printing presses. Chicago Inter.Ocean. ment in America.TRIBUNErolled off the pre sse s, It published weekly and tri-weekly Thru Lundy's connections, TimJames Kelly, one of the four original editions, as well as dally, and it TRIBUNEprobably could trace itaproprietors, sold out. He went into put out the Gem of the Prairie at 50th Annl'versary Edl'tl'On history back as early as 1821, forthe wholesale leather business and the same time. its roots lie in his Genius of Unl.died rich. In circulation, THE TRIBUNEhad versal Emancipation, an abolitionist

Pays Back Borrowed $600 grown from 400 daily copies in 1847 f T 'b Sensaii paper published sporadically afterCol. Forrest, another of the four, to 1,120In 1850,and on July 1, 1855, 0 rl une a ensa Ion that date In Ohio, Tennessee. Mary.

followed his example, retiring, It is It rested at 1,400 daily and 3,000 land. and the District of Columbia.said, with enough money to pay weekly. Three months later In that Fifty years ago today, on the oeca- each until the supply was exhausted. ElltabUshed In Hennepinback the $600he had borrowed from year. after Joseph Medill arrived, sion of THECHICAGOTRIBumtSgold. Swarms of people came to The Trib· This early Lundy newspaper was.TohnYoung Scammon, father of the the circulation stood at 3,000 daily, en jubilee, this newspaper published une "counting room," demanding established in a permanent home inIllinois law reports, early partner 5,000 tri-weekly, and 4,500 weekly, an edition which was a sensation of extra copies. Hennepin III on Nov 8, 1838,In the Chicago Journal, and years and that was only the beginning. the publishing world at that time. "THE TRIBUNE"was everywhere," where L~ndY"took another ardentlater founder of the Chicago Inter- Chicago had quintupled In popula- For the first time in history-and the story said. Its handsome col- abolitionist, Zeblna Eastman, In asOcean. tion in the eight years, from 16,859 this was 1897-a daily newspaper ors fiashed In every store. It was his partner. Curiously. THETRIBUNECol. Forrest, however, stuck to the in 1847,to more than 80,000In 1855, published pictures in full color. Also Icarried by nearly every shopper on has another connection with one of

newspaper business, later serving as and THE TRIBUNEhad grown with for the first time, advertisments State and other retail streets. It the first Chicago journals thru thilSpringfield and Washington corre- it. appeared In a daily newspaper In was in sight in every passing car. association for the press and typtspondent for THE TRIBUNE,then Turns to the Telegraf true color, an achievement which It was on hand on every desk and of the Chica 0 Commercial Adver-moving to the Inter-Ocean, and fl· From the early days of clipping heralded a new era in the advertis- counter In town. People stood on tiser which g ublished here fromnally to the Dally News. eastern exchanges for news, THE Ing industry. the corners reading it. and they' p . I 183'lThis left only two of the original TRIBUNEturned to the telegraf for I'" McNall)' The news pictures were color rode by on bicycles scanning it as Oct. 11, 1836, toLso~et1me n •

four-Thomas A. Stewart and John its dispatches, just as soon as the 0wDed ••• sketches of Chicago of that day by they had opportunity." was sold to the un y paper.E. Wheeler. Stewart had bought wires were strung. The first tele- ,.waw Prairie Tribune artists, and were more like Pioneering In 1897 The thread of connection Is notout both Kelly and Col. Forrest, so graf message from the east was re- Fanaer-188Z-1908 paintings. The pictures of adver- The Jubilee editorial In the famous whollyEone of press :n~h ty~e. ~e-he put Wheeler in as edltor-In-chlef, ceived in Chicago April 6 1848 tised products were made by a pho- June 10 edition said that "In com. cause astman move e en usand took over the" counting room" altho it had come' from Michlga~ tografic color process, beautifully memoration of this anniversary It of Univer~l ~r~~IPa~on a::n~~sas business manager. City by stage because of equipment exact. There were two cover pages is the privilege of THE TR1BuNI:to PlantLto d wlle, b "i w

dterde 0 .

f i 1d i d min un y es ur e 0 ay. nBuys One-Third Interest failure. 0 spec a es sn. place In the hands of ItI rea ers the foundations of their partner-In August, 1848, John Locke As early as 1849THETRIBUNEbe- Fountain of Wstory this morning a jubilee edition which shi • Eastman started on Dec. 19.

Scripps, a Democrat with strong came the first newspaper in the The long accounts of Tribune his- In point of artistic excellence has 184E the Genius of Liberty Infree soil leanings, bought a one- west to install telegrafic news servo tory in that issue have become the never been equaled by any daily Low'ell abandoning it in 1842Whenthird interest In THE TRIBUNE,and ice and on Dec. 6, 1849, THE most valuable lingle source of his. newspaper In the world .••• It Is he re~oved It to Chicago as thethe publishing firm becameWheeler. TRIBUNEhad made special arranga-I torlcal material relating to this fitting that THE TRIBUNEshould be Western Citizen. This lasted untilStewart & Scripps, the name which ments to receive news dispatches newspaper and were used extensive. the pioneer In developing thil flelc1.0 t b 1853 hen Eastmanappears on the first extant edition, from New York, a long step ror- ly in preparing today's Centennial which seems destined to work many c;a~g:~ the aboli;ronist publicationthat of April 23, 1849,which is re- ward in Chicago journalism. By 1854, edition. marvelous changes In the appear. t the Free West which TH.printed today. On June 30, 1851, it was taking the service of the The color pages of the Jubilee edl- ance of newspaperl in the future." C~IICAGOTRIBUNEab~orbed July 19.Wheeler, the third of the four Western Associated press, a news tion were the work of Theodore 1855 Thus editorial blood, title, andoriginal partners, retired. service which Joseph Medill later Regenstelner, the father of color .' t tChanges were many and rapid In was to help develop into the world- printing. who probably did more to Chicago'. Fir.t Hotel BUIlt spirit joined the root s ruc ure.

THE TRIBUNE'Smanagement in the wide cooperative news service of develop the commercial application • T Gem of the Prairiedecade thereafter. Scripps sold his today. of true color printing than any by One 01 Flr.t ru.tee. How THE TRIBUNEgrew out ofInterest in THETRIBUNEon June 12, The size of THE TRIBUNEfiuctu- other one man. He II chairman of Medore B. [Mark] Beaubien, memo the weekly Gem of the Prairie,1852, and three months later joined ated from six columns, which Ieg- the board of the Regenlteiner cor. ber of Chicago's first board of trus- founded May 29, 1844, by Kiler K.with William Bross, then half end says W6S the format of the poration, Chicago color printing tees, erected the first hotel In Chi. Jones and James S. Beach, and i~owner of a religious paper, Herald first Issue, to seven columns In 1849, firm. Regensteiner founded the cago, sometime before 1833. It was tum an earlier outgrowth of Jonesof the Prairies. and later Chicago and In January, 1855,to 10 columns, Photo-Colortype company of Chlca- located on the south side of the Youth's Gazette started here inalderman and Ileutenant governor which the rival Chicago Democrat RTWIN""D go and New York. which printed main branch of the Chicago river, May, 1843, has been told In otherof Illinois, In founding another Chi· said made THE CHICAGOTRIBUNE HOW ROOTS OF EARLY PUBLISHING ENTERPRISES INTE..,. the .Tublleeedition. about where Clark at. Is today. The chapters of Tribune history In thiscago dally, the Democratic Press .•• the largest dally In the west except --- ------- ------ •. Swamped with Bequeste first ferry across the Chicago river newspaper. Jones was a carrier andBoth men were dissident Demo- one or two in St. Louis." This un- I • bo B. Blackhawk wars. The ships brought THE TR1BUNJ:of June 11. 1897,was located there. John Went." roller boy" for the original 1840crab and their new paper preached wieldy size later was reduced. began for THETRIBUNEwhen Josepb FIr.t Steam at. nnll cholera with them, and victims of tells how this newspaper wall worth. ear I y Chicago editor and Tribune.Free Soil and later Republican The political currents swaying M~fl~ ~i~~d t'n l~~cag~ a~ e~~IUS Troops and Cholera th d d plague were bUried In a swamped with requests for extra congressman, said he took his first Twisting together again at&~.principles. over Illinois in 1847.the year of THE w c s ar e n an w s I . . e rea f Lak i of the famous edition and dinner In Chicago there Oct. 25, 1836.Tribune roots, Rand, McNally o,Scripps a cousin of the founder TRIBUNE'Sfounding already were last a full 44 years, to the turn of The first steamboats to reach Chi· mass grave at the corner 0 e st. cop e~th h ri I 1 cent, Beaubien named the hotel Sau- owned the Prairie Farmer from

of today'~ Scripps newspaper chain, falling into the patiern which was the century. cago were the United Statel trana- and Wabash av.• later the site o~e~e :,o~sual o~it~ pa c~:::.:~y edition ganash after his good friend, the In. Feb. 16, 1882 until April 8, 1908.",as Abraham Lincoln's earliest to create a dangerous and an exclt- [Trjbune hi8tory continue~ with ports William Penn and Sheldon American T.emperance ~s~~lat that time, newsboys were hawk. dian chief also known as Bill)' Cald. Since that time, however. there baaII10grafer and a good newspaper Ing era. But It was not to compare the story QI Josep" MedtU on, Thompson. which in ~ u I y, 1832, ing hotel at the time in them tor • 10. and 25 cent. welL been no connection."'U. He did much to put THE In excitement with the era whlcb page '.] brought trooPI hert to fight In the TIuBt1NI:was founded. I... ,

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Early LeaderlOTICPRESS1852.'18~ITIMES"'1'60I..-..••...:=:i~~_~

EV8'oI NGRECORD1861.'70I iREPUBlICAN1865-'72

I iEVENINGPOST186f'75

I i&VENINMAIL187Q.'7§·

TIMES1861.'95 NOTED EDITORSGUIDE TRIBUNETHRU 100 YEARS

Paper Outgrowth of FirstPublication of AnyKind in Chicago

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