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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos de Carbono 14.5 Disacáridos 1

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

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Page 1: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 14 Hidratos de Carbono

14.5 Disacáridos

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Page 2: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Disacáridos Importantes

Un disacárido consiste de dos monosacáridos.

Monosaccharides Disaccharide

glucose + glucose maltose + H2O

glucose + galactose lactose + H2O

glucose + fructose sucrose + H2O

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Page 3: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Maltosa

La Maltosa:• Es un disacárido conocido también como azúcar de

malta.• Está compuesta de dos moléculas D-glucosa.• Se obtiene de la hidrólisis de almidón.• used in cereals, candies, and brewing• Existe en formas y β .• Se usa en cereales, dulces y fabricación de cervezas.

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Page 4: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Formación de Maltosa4

Los monosacáridos están enlazados por un enlace -1,4-glicosídico formado por el −OH del carbono 1 de la primera glucosa y el −OH del carbono 4 de la segunda glucosa.

Page 5: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Lactosa

Lactosa• Se encuentra en leche y

productos lácteos.• Es un disacárido de β-D-

galactosa y α- o β-D-glucosa.

• Contiene un enlace β -1,4-glicosídico.

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Page 6: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Sucrosa6

La Sucrosa o azúcar de mesa, • se obtiene de la caña de azúcar y remolacha.• consiste de α-D-glucosa y β-D-fructosa.• Tiene un enlace α,β-1,2-glicosídico.

Page 7: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Sucrosa7

Page 8: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Repaso

El disacarido Melibiosa es 30 veces mas dulce que la Sacarosa y tiene dos unidad monocarido y la presencia de un enlace glicosidico.

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Page 9: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solución

Para el siguiente disacárido, escriba la reacción para los dos monosacaridos y el tipo de enlace glicosidico presente.

galactosa + glucosa melibiose + H2OLa melibiose es una azucar formada por dos monosacáridos, galactosa y glucosa, las cuales estan unidas mediante un enlace gicosidico -1,6-glycosidic bond.

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Page 10: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Grado de Dulzura de Edulcorantes

Los azúcares y edulcorantes artificiales• Difieren en su grado

de dulzura. • se comparan con la

sucrosa (azúcar de mesa), a la que se le asigna un valor de 100.

• Comparación del dulzor respecto a la sacarosa.

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Page 11: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Endulzador Artificial - Sucralose

La Sucralosa se elabora de la sucrosa mediante el reemplazo de algunos de los grupos hidróxilos por átomos de cloro.

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Page 12: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Endulzador Artificial - Aspartame

El Aspartamo:• Mercadeado como Nutra-Sweet• No es un hidrato de Carbono, es un edulcorante artificial

que es preparado a partir del ácido aspártico y el ester metílico del aminoacido fenilalanina

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Page 13: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Repaso

Identificar los monosacáridos en los siguientes azúcares: A. Lactose

(1) α-D-Glucose (2) β-D-Fructose (3) β-D-Galactose

B. Maltose(1) α-D-Glucose (2) β-D-Fructose (3) β-D-Galactose

C. Sucrose(1) α-D-Glucose (2) β-D-Fructose (3) β-D-Galactose

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Page 14: Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14 Hidratos

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solución

Identificar los monosacáridos en los siguientes azúcares: A. Lactose

(1) α-D-Glucose (3) β-D-Galactose

B. Maltose(1) α-D-Glucose

C. Sucrose(1) α-D-Glucose (2) β-D-Fructose

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