Chapter 9Chapter 9

Federal BureaucracyFederal Bureaucracy

The US BureaucracyThe US Bureaucracy

Definition- collection of appointed and mostly non-appointed officials that carry out laws that are passed.

Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared by the _____________________

Federal agencies share functions with state and local agencies.

Definition- collection of appointed and mostly non-appointed officials that carry out laws that are passed.

Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared by the _____________________

Federal agencies share functions with state and local agencies.

The growth of the bureaucracy

The growth of the bureaucracy

The Supreme Court ruled that only the president has the power to _____________ in the bureaucracy.

Congress funds and __________ the agencies, and shapes the laws they administer (oversight).

The Supreme Court ruled that only the president has the power to _____________ in the bureaucracy.

Congress funds and __________ the agencies, and shapes the laws they administer (oversight).

Appointment of officialsAppointment of officials

Officials affect how laws are __________________

They set the tone for the party and the current administration.

_________ used to play a HUGE part in the 19th and early 20th century.

Officials affect how laws are __________________

They set the tone for the party and the current administration.

_________ used to play a HUGE part in the 19th and early 20th century.

Spoils SystemSpoils System

_______________ abused his power of patronage.

1883 Pendleton Act- created the civil service. Anyone can apply for a job in the bureaucracy. Jobs given based on ____________.

_______________ abused his power of patronage.

1883 Pendleton Act- created the civil service. Anyone can apply for a job in the bureaucracy. Jobs given based on ____________.

Size of the bureaucracySize of the bureaucracy

Two events have caused an explosive growth in the bureaucracy:

1) ________________________

2) ________________________

Two events have caused an explosive growth in the bureaucracy:

1) ________________________

2) ________________________

Government ActivismGovernment Activism

These two events caused: 1) S Court to uphold laws granting

_______________________ to agencies. 2) Heavier ______________ to support a

larger bureaucracy. 3) public support of military

preparedness and various social programs.

These two events caused: 1) S Court to uphold laws granting

_______________________ to agencies. 2) Heavier ______________ to support a

larger bureaucracy. 3) public support of military

preparedness and various social programs.

Federal Bureaucracy TodayFederal Bureaucracy Today

Modest ___________ in government employees.

Large ___________ in number of indirect employees- those contracted through private contractors, local and state governments.

Modest ___________ in government employees.

Large ___________ in number of indirect employees- those contracted through private contractors, local and state governments.

Federal Bureaucracy TodayFederal Bureaucracy Today

Discretionary authority- the ability to ________________________________________________________

Congress has allowed agencies to have a lot of discretionary authority in recent years.

Discretionary authority- the ability to ________________________________________________________

Congress has allowed agencies to have a lot of discretionary authority in recent years.

Getting Employed Getting Employed Recruitment & retention: The competitive service: bureaucrats

compete for jobs through OPM. 1) appointment by __________ on written

exam. 2) Merit Systems Protection Board-

protects current employees. 3) OPM is _________________

Recruitment & retention: The competitive service: bureaucrats

compete for jobs through OPM. 1) appointment by __________ on written

exam. 2) Merit Systems Protection Board-

protects current employees. 3) OPM is _________________

Firing a BureaucratFiring a Bureaucrat

Most ___________ be fired easily. Most agencies are dominated by

lifetime bureaucrats who have worked for no other agency.

Assures _____________________. But can give subordinates power

over new bosses.

Most ___________ be fired easily. Most agencies are dominated by

lifetime bureaucrats who have worked for no other agency.

Assures _____________________. But can give subordinates power

over new bosses.

Constraints on government agencies

Constraints on government agencies

Hiring, firing, and other procedures are ___________________, not the market.

Constraints: Administrative Procedures Act, Freedom

of Information Act, Nat’l Environmental Policy Act, Open Meeting Law

Hiring, firing, and other procedures are ___________________, not the market.

Constraints: Administrative Procedures Act, Freedom

of Information Act, Nat’l Environmental Policy Act, Open Meeting Law

Effects of ConstraintsEffects of Constraints

Government moves slowly. Government ___________________ Reluctant decision making by

employees. __________________

Government moves slowly. Government ___________________ Reluctant decision making by

employees. __________________

Agency AlliesAgency Allies

Iron Triangle- _______________________________________________________ Not as common today due to the

number of competing interest groups. Issue networks- groups that regularly

__________ government policy on specific issues. Recruited by presidents.

Iron Triangle- _______________________________________________________ Not as common today due to the

number of competing interest groups. Issue networks- groups that regularly

__________ government policy on specific issues. Recruited by presidents.

Congressional OversightCongressional Oversight

____________ creates agencies and authorizes their programs.

Appropriations allows the agency to _______________ on the programs.

____________ creates agencies and authorizes their programs.

Appropriations allows the agency to _______________ on the programs.

Appropriations CommitteeAppropriations Committee

Most __________ of all committees. Most expenditure

recommendations are _________________________.

Tends to be a lower amount than the agency requested.

Can “mark-up” agencies budget.

Most __________ of all committees. Most expenditure

recommendations are _________________________.

Tends to be a lower amount than the agency requested.

Can “mark-up” agencies budget.

Legislative VetoLegislative Veto

A requirement that an executive decision must lie before __________ before it takes effect.

Declared ________________ by Supreme Court in INS v Chadha (1983)

A requirement that an executive decision must lie before __________ before it takes effect.

Declared ________________ by Supreme Court in INS v Chadha (1983)

OversightOversight

Congress can ___________ agencies. 1) power inferred from power to

legislate. 2) can bring members of an

agency in to question their decisions and their use of ______________________.

Congress can ___________ agencies. 1) power inferred from power to

legislate. 2) can bring members of an

agency in to question their decisions and their use of ______________________.

5 Major Complaints of the Bureaucracy

5 Major Complaints of the Bureaucracy

1) red tape- Rules 2)Conflict- _______________________ 3) Duplication- two or more agencies

doing the same thing. 4) Imperialism- ____________________ 5) Waste- spending more than is

necessary

1) red tape- Rules 2)Conflict- _______________________ 3) Duplication- two or more agencies

doing the same thing. 4) Imperialism- ____________________ 5) Waste- spending more than is

necessary