Chapter 9Chapter 9
Federal BureaucracyFederal Bureaucracy
The US BureaucracyThe US Bureaucracy
Definition- collection of appointed and mostly non-appointed officials that carry out laws that are passed.
Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared by the _____________________
Federal agencies share functions with state and local agencies.
Definition- collection of appointed and mostly non-appointed officials that carry out laws that are passed.
Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared by the _____________________
Federal agencies share functions with state and local agencies.
The growth of the bureaucracy
The growth of the bureaucracy
The Supreme Court ruled that only the president has the power to _____________ in the bureaucracy.
Congress funds and __________ the agencies, and shapes the laws they administer (oversight).
The Supreme Court ruled that only the president has the power to _____________ in the bureaucracy.
Congress funds and __________ the agencies, and shapes the laws they administer (oversight).
Appointment of officialsAppointment of officials
Officials affect how laws are __________________
They set the tone for the party and the current administration.
_________ used to play a HUGE part in the 19th and early 20th century.
Officials affect how laws are __________________
They set the tone for the party and the current administration.
_________ used to play a HUGE part in the 19th and early 20th century.
Spoils SystemSpoils System
_______________ abused his power of patronage.
1883 Pendleton Act- created the civil service. Anyone can apply for a job in the bureaucracy. Jobs given based on ____________.
_______________ abused his power of patronage.
1883 Pendleton Act- created the civil service. Anyone can apply for a job in the bureaucracy. Jobs given based on ____________.
Size of the bureaucracySize of the bureaucracy
Two events have caused an explosive growth in the bureaucracy:
1) ________________________
2) ________________________
Two events have caused an explosive growth in the bureaucracy:
1) ________________________
2) ________________________
Government ActivismGovernment Activism
These two events caused: 1) S Court to uphold laws granting
_______________________ to agencies. 2) Heavier ______________ to support a
larger bureaucracy. 3) public support of military
preparedness and various social programs.
These two events caused: 1) S Court to uphold laws granting
_______________________ to agencies. 2) Heavier ______________ to support a
larger bureaucracy. 3) public support of military
preparedness and various social programs.
Federal Bureaucracy TodayFederal Bureaucracy Today
Modest ___________ in government employees.
Large ___________ in number of indirect employees- those contracted through private contractors, local and state governments.
Modest ___________ in government employees.
Large ___________ in number of indirect employees- those contracted through private contractors, local and state governments.
Federal Bureaucracy TodayFederal Bureaucracy Today
Discretionary authority- the ability to ________________________________________________________
Congress has allowed agencies to have a lot of discretionary authority in recent years.
Discretionary authority- the ability to ________________________________________________________
Congress has allowed agencies to have a lot of discretionary authority in recent years.
Getting Employed Getting Employed Recruitment & retention: The competitive service: bureaucrats
compete for jobs through OPM. 1) appointment by __________ on written
exam. 2) Merit Systems Protection Board-
protects current employees. 3) OPM is _________________
Recruitment & retention: The competitive service: bureaucrats
compete for jobs through OPM. 1) appointment by __________ on written
exam. 2) Merit Systems Protection Board-
protects current employees. 3) OPM is _________________
Firing a BureaucratFiring a Bureaucrat
Most ___________ be fired easily. Most agencies are dominated by
lifetime bureaucrats who have worked for no other agency.
Assures _____________________. But can give subordinates power
over new bosses.
Most ___________ be fired easily. Most agencies are dominated by
lifetime bureaucrats who have worked for no other agency.
Assures _____________________. But can give subordinates power
over new bosses.
Constraints on government agencies
Constraints on government agencies
Hiring, firing, and other procedures are ___________________, not the market.
Constraints: Administrative Procedures Act, Freedom
of Information Act, Nat’l Environmental Policy Act, Open Meeting Law
Hiring, firing, and other procedures are ___________________, not the market.
Constraints: Administrative Procedures Act, Freedom
of Information Act, Nat’l Environmental Policy Act, Open Meeting Law
Effects of ConstraintsEffects of Constraints
Government moves slowly. Government ___________________ Reluctant decision making by
employees. __________________
Government moves slowly. Government ___________________ Reluctant decision making by
employees. __________________
Agency AlliesAgency Allies
Iron Triangle- _______________________________________________________ Not as common today due to the
number of competing interest groups. Issue networks- groups that regularly
__________ government policy on specific issues. Recruited by presidents.
Iron Triangle- _______________________________________________________ Not as common today due to the
number of competing interest groups. Issue networks- groups that regularly
__________ government policy on specific issues. Recruited by presidents.
Congressional OversightCongressional Oversight
____________ creates agencies and authorizes their programs.
Appropriations allows the agency to _______________ on the programs.
____________ creates agencies and authorizes their programs.
Appropriations allows the agency to _______________ on the programs.
Appropriations CommitteeAppropriations Committee
Most __________ of all committees. Most expenditure
recommendations are _________________________.
Tends to be a lower amount than the agency requested.
Can “mark-up” agencies budget.
Most __________ of all committees. Most expenditure
recommendations are _________________________.
Tends to be a lower amount than the agency requested.
Can “mark-up” agencies budget.
Legislative VetoLegislative Veto
A requirement that an executive decision must lie before __________ before it takes effect.
Declared ________________ by Supreme Court in INS v Chadha (1983)
A requirement that an executive decision must lie before __________ before it takes effect.
Declared ________________ by Supreme Court in INS v Chadha (1983)
OversightOversight
Congress can ___________ agencies. 1) power inferred from power to
legislate. 2) can bring members of an
agency in to question their decisions and their use of ______________________.
Congress can ___________ agencies. 1) power inferred from power to
legislate. 2) can bring members of an
agency in to question their decisions and their use of ______________________.
5 Major Complaints of the Bureaucracy
5 Major Complaints of the Bureaucracy
1) red tape- Rules 2)Conflict- _______________________ 3) Duplication- two or more agencies
doing the same thing. 4) Imperialism- ____________________ 5) Waste- spending more than is
necessary
1) red tape- Rules 2)Conflict- _______________________ 3) Duplication- two or more agencies
doing the same thing. 4) Imperialism- ____________________ 5) Waste- spending more than is
necessary