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CHAPTER 32Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial AdvanceII. Protest and Revolution in RussiaIII. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance
1861, Russia begins social, political reform
Russian Expansion, 1815-1914
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance
A. Russia before ReformAnti-Westernization backlash
Following Napoleon's invasion, 1812
Decembrist revolt, 1825
Suppressed by Nicholas I
Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848
B. Economic and Social Problems: The Peasant Question
Crimean War (1854-1856)
Defeat by industrial powers
Alexander II turns to industrialization
Russian Expansion, 1815-1914
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance
C. The Reform Era and Early Industrialization1861, emancipation of serfs
Forced to buy landsProductivity stagnant
Alexander II
Reforms of 1860s, 1870sZemstvoesMilitary reformSome educational reform
Industrialization
RailwaysPacific reached, 1880s
Siberia opened to developmentFactories, 1880sCount Witte, 1892-1903
High tariffsBanking system improvedWestern investment sought
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Protest and Revolution in Russia
A. The Road to Revolution
Ethnic minorities
Demands
Peasants
Famine, taxes
Anarchists
Fail to win peasant support
Suppressed
1881, Alexander II assassinated
New ideas
Marxist socialism
Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov)
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Protest and Revolution in Russia B. The Revolution of 1905
Expansion continuesOttomans pushed back, 1870s
New Slavic nations createdInto ManchuriaDefeated in Russo-Japanese war, 1904-05
Revolution, 1905
Duma createdMinister Stolypin
Agrarian reforms
C. Russia and Eastern EuropeOther nations follow Russia
Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, GreeceParliamentsEnd to serfdomSome industrialization
Cultural revival
Turgenev, Dostoevsky, TolstoyTchaikovsky, Chopin, LisztMendel, Pavlov
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
A. The Final Decades of the ShogunateShogonate
Alliance with daimyos, samurai
Culture under the Tokugawa
Thriving
Neo-ConfucianismVariety of schools
By 1850s
Economy slowing
Rural riots
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
B. The Challenge to IsolationCommander Matthew Perry
1853, Japanese ports forced to open
Shogunate bureaucrats
Open doors reluctantly
Others want to end isolation
Conservative daimyos for isolation
Unrest
1868, shogunate defeated
Meiji restoration
Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji)
Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
C. Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State
Feudalism ended
Appointed prefects from 1871
State expanded
Samurai officials to United States
Study, promote change
1873-1876, samurai class abolished
Some find new roles
Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi
Political reorganization
Constitution, 1889
House of Peers
Diet, lower house
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
D. Japan's Industrial RevolutionWesternization in other areas
Military
Banks
Railways, steamships
Tariffs, guilds removed
Ministry of Industry,1870
Model factories
Zaibatsu, 1890s
Industrial combines
Chapter 32: Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Japan: Transformation without Revolution
E. Social and Diplomatic Effects of IndustrializationPopulation increase
Culture
Universal education
Western dress adopted
Conversion to Christianity limitedShintoism attracts new followers
Need for raw materials
War with China over Korea, 1894-1895Alliance with Britain, 1902War with Russia, 1904Korea annexed, 1910
F. The Strain of Modernization
Inter-generational debate
NationalismEmperor worship