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CHAPTER SIXTEENThe World Economy
World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II. Toward a World EconomyIII. Colonial Expansion
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
Increasing contact from 12th century
From Crusades, Reconquista
Familiarity with imports
Changes
Mongol fall
Ottomans intervene
European efforts to expand
A. New Technology: A Key to Power
Deep-draught ships
Better on ocean voyages
Armaments better
Compasses, mapmaking help navigation
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
B. Portugal and Spain Lead the PackSpain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack
Prince Henry the Navigator
Expeditions along African coast
1488, pass Cape of Good Hope
1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India
1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China
Columbus
To Americas, 1492
Ferdinand Magellan
1519, begins circumnavigation of the world
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Portugal and Spain lead the Rise of WestPrince Henry the Navigator
Expeditions along African coast
1498 - Vasco da Gama reaches India
Columbus - to Americas - 1492Ferdinand Magellan – 1519 - circumnavigation of
world
1588, British defeat Spanish Armada1534 - French cross the Atlantic - settle Canada1497 - British to North America - 1600s - begin
colonizationDutch - North American territory & Indonesia
Chartered companies – raise armies; control trade
Dutch/British East India Company
Little government supervision
Example: British control of India until 1947
What is the most significant result of the British defeat of the Spanish in 1588?
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Colonial Expansion
A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
The Global Economy – Change
The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities Silver/gold/lumber/food exported
Slaves imported
New World plants: corn, sweet potato, potato
Old World animals: horses, cattle
The Global Economy – Continuity
Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters
Muslim traders along east African coast
Turks in eastern Mediterranean
Europeans - remain on coast in Africa & Asia
Draw the Columbian Exchange
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
The role of financial systems – bankingSpain and Portugal lack England, France, Holland – more advanced
MercantilismExports, home production protected –
mother countryDependent areas (COLONIES) supply
raw materials; forced to trade only w/mother country
A System of International InequalityPermanent state of dependence
But peasants mostly unaffectedForced labor - widespread - + demand
1500s
Compare Mercantilism with the Hanseatic League & Swahili trade
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Not all areas of world affected
East Asia self-sufficient
China uninterested in world economy -keep Europeans out
Japan - open initially BUT closes trade w/Europe 17th - 19th centuries
W. Europe – Expansionist Trend
Mughal Empire in decline
British, French move in
Eastern Europe
Exports grain to the West
How much of the world participated in the global Economy?
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Colonial ExpansionBritish & French North America: Backwater Colonies
French, British and Dutch Holdings
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
British North America
*Different pattern from Latin America
Religious refugees – Protestants
Land grants – economic motives
Native pop. not enslaved – rebel/die of disease; African slaves imported
Canada - French establish estates
Controlled by state
Only French Catholics allowed to migrate
1763 – French cede Canada & Mississippi to British – after losing Seven Years War
*Little merging of natives and immigrants
*Enlightenment ideas popular
North America and Western Civilization
European-style family
European economic, political ideas
Note one difference between Latin American colonization & North American colonization
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Latin AmericaSpain/ Portugal
P-direct control
E-mining – all goods went through Seville, Spain; lacked banking system
S – natives/mestizos treated poorly; Spain – no slaves importedBrazil – imports slavesStrict social hierarchy; Spaniards marry native womenReligion - Catholicism
North AmericaBritish/French
P-British – land grantsFr-direct control
E- mercantilism; trade controlled by Dutch/British East India Companies; banking system – loans to entrepreneurs S – natives treated poorly by GBFr – allied w/native Americans
Br – slaves importedFr – no slaves importedBritish do not intermarry w/native
Br – ProtestantFr - Catholic
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations
Barriers: climate, disease, geography
Angola - Portuguese slaving expeditions
South Africa
1652 - Dutch found Cape Town
Settlers move into interior
Conflicts with natives
Philippines
Spain – conversion
Indonesia
Dutch East India Company
Also Taiwan briefly
India - French and British fight for control
1744 - war begins; British victorious
Write one effect of colonialization on each of the following:
Chapter 16: The World Economy
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Impact of Colonial Expansion on western Europe
Hostilities between countries exacerbated b/c of competition over colonies
Seven Years’ War
-First global war
-Columbian Exchange – longer life spans; lower child mortality rates in Europe
The Impact of a New World Order
Effects of Slave trade on Africa
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-
Effects of slavery on Latin America
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-
Effects of serf system on eastern Europe
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Effects of Colonial Expansion on Europe & colonies