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Nationalism, Unification, and Reform. Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism. Italian Unification. Piedmont territory became rallying point for unification Camilo di Cavour Prime Minister Created alliance with Louis-Napoleon Economic Growth was a point of pride - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nationalism, Unification, and Reform
CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM
Piedmont territory became rallying point for unification Camilo di Cavour
Prime Minister Created alliance with Louis-Napoleon
Economic Growth was a point of pride Stabilized his weak army Declared war against Austria in 1859
Piedmont gained control of Lombardy Caused other Italian states to revolt
Italian Unification
Italian Unification
Giuseppe Garibaldi Built up an army to take over Southern Italy Crossed to Sicily
Overthrew the Bourbon Dynasty Handed over his army and land to Piedmont
March 17, 1861 Italy declared it’s unity under King Victor Emmanuel II
Finished off unification by gaining Venice from Austria and Rome from the French
German Unification
Looked for help from Prussia to get them unified Otto von Bismarck
Prime Minister appointed Politics of reality
Urged for more military strength Ruled Prussia with parliament approval
Raised taxes and strengthened military Didn’t care what people thought If he didn’t like someone, they heard about it
German Unification
Otto von Bismarck Foreign Policy
1864: War with Denmark 1866: Turned against ally Austria Northern Germany
Organized themselves into the North German Confederation Southern Germany
Catholic feared Prussia and France Feared France more and signed military alliance with Prussia
German Unification
Franco-Prussian War Bismarck forced France to declare war September 1870
Entire French army and King captured Surrendered January 1871
France lost $1 billion dollars Alsace-Lorraine region to Germany
January 1871 Germany unites under Kaiser William I of Prussia
Nationalism and Reform
Great Britain 1832
Increase in male voters from middle class 1850’s and 1860’s
Political and social reform Increased workers wages Increased industrialization
Queen Victoria (1837-1901) Longest reigning queen in English history Defined what a queen should be
Nationalism and Reform
France Louis-Napoleon
By popular demand claims empire as Emperor Napoleon III Authoritarian: controlled all aspects of life Legislative Corps
Elected by universal male suffrage but had no actual power Expanded economy but took away civil liberities Improved Paris Gave legislature more power as time went on
Nationalism and Reform
Austrian Empire Compromise of 1867
Created Austria-Hungary Each had it’s own constitution, government bureaucracy, and legislature 2 capitals (Vienna and Budapest) One man controlled both Francis Joseph
Nationalism and Reform
Russia March 1861
Czar Alexander II tried to bring Russia up to Western standards Emancipation of all serfs
Couldn’t own property but government gave them land Ultimately led to struggle for the newly freed serfs Alexander II assassinated and his son went back against the reform
movement
Nationalism in the US
Abolition movement The desire to end slavery Divided the country in half North was against slavery South: Slavery was an institution Led to Civil War (1861-1865) 13th Amendment abolished slavery
CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM
Romanticism and Realism
Romanticism
Intellectual movement Reaction to the Enlightenment Valued individualism (uniqueness of each person) Feelings, emotion, and imagination for knowledge Revival of Medieval style
Romanticism
Art Two features
1. Art is reflection of inner feelings 2. Get rid of classical reason for warmth and emotion
Eugene Delacroix
Romanticism
Music Ludwig van Beethoven
Third Symphony Embodied the Romantic ideas
Romanticism
Literature Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe)
Clash between knights in medieval England Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)
Gothic literature Edgar Allen Poe (The Raven and other short stories)
Dreams and nightmares William Wordsworth
Poetry: directory expression of the soul Love of nature as mirror into humanity
New Age of Science
Louis Pasteur Germ theory of disease
Dmitry Mendeleyev Classified all chemical elements (Period Table)
Michael Faraday Created generator for electrical current
New Age of Science
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) Basis for the idea of evolution
Natural selection Nature decides which organisms survives based on the characteristics
they have “Survival of the fittest”
The Descent of Man Discusses how humans had animal origins We were not an exception to the rule
Realism
Rejected Romanticism Showed the middle and lower class struggle Wanted to show every day life
Gustave Flaubert (Madam Bovary) Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist)