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Chap 7 – Skeletal SystemPart III
*Learning Objectives continuedToday:
Upper limbsPelvic girdleLower limbs
Homework: Finish reading Chap 7. Study all notes & diagrams from the entire chapter. Complete all questions in textbook.
CSI – Can You Name The Bone?
• This bone was found in someone’s backyard accidentally (by their dog) and determined to be of human origin.
• It is approx. 12” in length with a small ball-in-socket type head on the proximal epiphysis.
• The distal epiphysis (epiphysis = end of the bone) is broad.
What bone do you believe this to be?
distal
proximal
CSI: Radius or Ulna?
In a disarticulated skeleton, it can be challenging to differentiate the radius from the ulna.
Can you tell them apart?
1
2
Ulna is slightly longer than the radius; thin at the head (proximal end) & broad at the distal end
Radius is just the opposite…broad at head (proximal end) & thin at the distal end.
Exploring the Bone of the Upper Limbs, pg 146
Instructions: Work individually.
How many bones form the arm? How many individual bones can you actually count/ identify?
Write the number down here next to this slide.
You may use page 146 in your textbook
for assistance.
Metacarpals, pg 147
• Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones radiate from the _____ to form the _____.– Their bases articulate with the carpals
proximally, and with each other medially and laterally
– Heads articulate with the phalanges
Phalanges, pg 147
• Each hand contains __ miniature long bones called phalanges
• Fingers (digits) are numbered 1-5, beginning with the thumb (pollex)
• Each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges – distal, middle, and proximal
• The thumb has no middle _________
Bones of the Hand & Wrist, pg 147 Label your practice
diagram (all parts).
Helpful tips to remember carpals:
“Sally Left The Party
To Take Cathy Home”
Word meanings:
Scaphoid – boat-shaped
Lunate – moon shaped
Triquetral – triangular
Pisiform – pea shaped
Capitate – head shaped
Hamate - hooked
Lower Body: Pelvic (Hip) Girdle• The hip is formed by a pair of hip bones
(os coxae, or coxal)
• Together with the ______ and the______, these bones form the bony pelvis
• There are numerous important bone markings on the pelvis (lets look at some…)
Pelvic Girdle & Bone Markings, pg 150
Label your practice diagram with the following:
ilium
ischium
Base of Sacrum
Iliac crest
acetabulum
pubis
pubic symphysis (cartilage)
sacrum
coccyxObturator foramen
CSI: Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Regions
Female pelvis- Tilted forward, adapted for childbearing- True pelvis defines birth canal- Cavity of the true pelvis is broad, shallow, and has greater capacity
Male pelvis- Tilted less forward- Adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles- Cavity of true pelvis is narrow and deep
•Characteristic •Female •Male
•Bone thickness
•Pubic arch/angle
•80˚–90˚ •50˚–60˚
•Acetabula •Small; farther apart •Large; closer together
•Sacrum
•Coccyx
Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure
•More movable; straighter •Less movable; curves ventrally
http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l44/os0102.htm
Review (Thus Far)Instructions: Write your answers next to this slide in your notes. Be prepared to
discuss orally if called upon. (Know for test!)
1. Distinguish the ileum from the ischium.
2. Explain at least 3 ways to determine if pelvic skeletal remains are male or female.
3. List and briefly describe the 8 bones of the wrist.
4. Explain all the ways you know to differentiate the radius from the ulna.
Femur• Largest, ______, and _______ bone in the
body.
• Has large ball like _____ that _______ into an area called the acetabulum (area where femur is secured into hip)
• Numerous important bone markings
articulates
Getting to Know the Bones of the Foot Instructions: Match up the letter of the correct answer for each item. Write your
answers next to this slide. Refer to pages 153 if needed to complete this exercise.
1. Great toe
2. No. of phalanges
3. No. of tarsal bones
4. Heel bone
5. No. of bones in the metatarsal area
6. Ankle
a. 7
b. 5
c. Tallus
d. 14
e. Hallux
f. calcaneus