Cell The smallest unit of life that can perform all life
processes. Slide 2 Life is macromolecules that can perform unique
functions because they are enclosed in a structural compartment
that is separate from the external environment. This separation
allows living things to maintain a constant internal environment
(homeostasis). Purves, pg. 61 Slide 3 little wretched beasties
Antone van Leeuwenhoek - lenses Slide 4 cells Robert Hooke Slide 5
The Cell Theory (3 parts) 1. All organisms are made of one or more
cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. Theodor
Schwann (zoologist) Matthias Schleiden (botonist) Slide 6 All
organisms are made of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit
of all living things 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells Redi
spontaneous generation Pasteur spontaneous generation Slide 7
Structure and Function 2 types of cells prokaryote eukaryote Cells
that DO NOT have a cell membrane around their nucleus. Example
Bacteria Cells that have a membrane around their nucleus. Plant and
Animal Cells Eukaryote cells usually 10X larger than Prokaryote
cells. Slide 8 Slide 9 eukaryotic cells The basic Eukaryotic cell
contains: Plasma membrane around their nucleus Cytoplasm (the semi
fluid substance inside the membrane. A cytoskeleton gives it shape,
and allows for the cells motion. Has membrane enclosed organelles.
Slide 10 the plasma membrane Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Slide 11 plant cell wall cellulose Slide 12 cell wall Slide 13
Slide 14 Slide 15 Cell Review: structure and function Slide 16
Slide 17 Slide 18 nucleus Slide 19 the nucleus contains the genetic
material Slide 20 Slide 21 endomembrane system Slide 22 endoplasmic
reticulum Slide 23 rough ER alters proteins folds into tertiary
structures transports newly synthesized proteins Slide 24 smooth ER
site for hydrolysis of glycogen modifies (detox.) small molecules
site for synthesis of lipids and steroids Slide 25 golgi apparatus
recieves proteins from ER further modifications Concentrates,
packages, sorts proteins Polysacc. for plant cell walls synthesized
Slide 26 secreting side receiving side Slide 27 Slide 28 Vesicles
and vacuoles The function and importance of vacuoles varies greatly
according to the type of cell in which they are present. Slide 29
Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell.
Breaking down products taken into the cell to be used in
metabolism. Exporting unwanted substances from the cell. Allows
plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers. Exporting
manufactured products from the cell. functions of the vacuole
include: Slide 30 endocytosis and exocytosis taking in expelling
Uses energy Encloses material in vesicles pinocytosis phagocytosis
Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33 special vesicles and vacuoles lysosomes
contain hydrolytic enzymes - break down cellular waste products,
fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and other macromolecules into simple
compounds, which are then transferred back into the cytoplasm as
new cell-building materials Slide 34 autophagy - recycles the
cell's organic material Slide 35 special vesicles and vacuoles
peroxisomes the most common vesicle in cells found in all
eukaryotes contain enzymes to rid the cell of hydrogen peroxide
(convert the hydrogen peroxide to water) some detoxify alcohol and
other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen from the poisons
to molecules of oxygen (oxidation). others initiate production of
phospholipids Slide 36 special vesicles and vacuoles central
vacuole contractile vacuole Helps maintain homeostasis for water
balance (osmotic equilibrium) Slide 37 central vacuole (plants
ONLY) Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within
the cell Slide 38 Slide 39 contractile vacuole (animals ONLY) found
in certain unicellular organisms pumps fluid from in the cell to
the outside by alternately filling and then contracting Slide 40
Slide 41 ribosomes site of protein synthesis Slide 42 Slide 43
mitochondria Slide 44 chloroplasts Slide 45 Slide 46 Slide 47
microfilaments & microtubules Slide 48 Slide 49 microfilaments
- actin intermediate filaments protein polymers such as keratin
Slide 50 microtubules - conveyer belts inside the cells They move
vesicles, granules and organelles via special attachment proteins.
They also serve a cytoskeletal role. Structurally, they are linear
polymers of tubulin (a globular protein). The tubulin molecules are
the bead like structures. Microtubules may work alone, or join with
other proteins to form cilia, flagella or centrioles. Slide 51
Slide 52 Slide 53 Slide 54 centrioles Slide 55 Slide 56 Molecular
"tags" on microtubules direct traffic inside cells Slide 57 Slide
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