Organizing Life

7 Characteristics of Life1) Living things are organized (Hierarchy of levels)- Cell: Smallest unit of life- Tissue: A group of cells that perform a specific

function- Organ: Several tissues joined together- Organ systems: Organs that work together to

perform a body function

7 characteristics of life

2) Living things acquire materials and energy- Outside sources of energy and building

materials are needed for an organism to maintain its organizations.

Energy: the capacity to do workMaterials: Molecules that make up the parts of

the cell come from the food we eat

7 Characteristics of life

3) Living things reproduce- Life comes from life- Genes are sections of DNA that code for certain

traits. These genes allow organisms to make more of themselves.

- DNA contains two groups of information: Structures & Metabolism (chemical reactions)

7 Characteristics of Life4) Living things respond to

stimuli- Usually in the form of

movementEg. 1 Predator move

towards prey = reacting to sight of prey.

Prey = Stimulus

Eg. 2 Plants move towards the sunlight = reacting to light.

Light = Stimulus

7 Characteristics of Life

5) Living things are homeostatic- Homeo = similar Static = stationary- The internal environment of the living thing is

constantEg. Body temperature, Rate of Digestion Heart rate at rest, Breathing

7 characteristics of life6) Living things grow and developGrowth: Increase in the number or size of cellsDevelop: The changes that take place from

conception to death

7 Characteristics of Life7) Living things can adapt to their environmentSpecies: Group of individuals capable of

interbreedingAdaptation: Trait that makes an animal better

suited to its environment

- Environments are constantly changing.- After a change in the environment the better

suited individuals of a species will survive and reproduce. This will lead to a change in the species = adapt

7 Characteristics of LifeEg. Grasslands- Early herbivores favoured leafy plants because

they were easy to digest.- As the grass completely took over the

individuals who could not digest it starved and those who could survived and reproduced

Organization of SpeciesSystematics: The act of identifying species then

classifying them according to a set of rules.

Each species is placed in the following groups:DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species

Eg. Bearded Dragon

Domains

Domain: Three groups used to divide all known species. These groups are based on the structure of the cell.

Three Domains:1) Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic organisms2) Archaea: Unicellular prokaryotic organisms

related to eukaryotes3) Eukarya: Uni or multicellular organisms made of eukaryotic cells

Classification of Organisms

Classification of Organisms

Classification of Organisms

Kingdom: ProtistaKingdom Organization Type of

NutritionExamples of the Kingdom

ProtistaComplex Single celled organism

AbrosptionIngestion

Photosynthesisamoeba

Kingdom: FungiKingdom Organization Type of

NutritionExamples of the Kingdom

FungiMulticellular filamentous

organism with complex cells

Absorption mushrooms

Kingdom: PlantaeKingdom Organization Type of

NutritionExamples of the Kingdom

PlantaeComplex

multicellular organism

Photosynthesis All Plants

Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom Organization Type of

NutritionExamples of the Kingdom

AnimaliaMulticellular

organism IngestionFish, Reptiles,

birds, mammals,

Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature: A name given to an

species in Latin. Consists of two parts1) First name = Name of the genus First letter is Capitalized2) Second name = Name of Species

Eg Gray Wolf. Genus = Canis Species = Lupus Binomial nomenclature = Canis lupus

Assignment