CEA Bruyères-le-chatel, April 27, 2009

• SPIRAL2 at GANIL

• SPIRAL2 Phase 1 and Phase 2

• New equipment at SPIRAL2

• DESIR facility

• DESIR physics programme

• Safety around DESIR

Bertram BlankCEN Bordeaux-Gradignan

Phase 1

Accelerator

S3

NFS

DESIR RIB PRODUCTION

Phase 2

Existing GANIL facility

Spins&Shapes

Position ofdrip-linesPosition ofdrip-lines

N=ZN=Z

rp-processrp-process

Heavy and Super Heavy Elements

Heavy and Super Heavy Elements

r-process pathr-process path

Haloes & Structures in the Continuum

Haloes & Structures in the Continuum

Equation of StateRole of Isospin

Equation of StateRole of Isospin

Spins & ShapesSpins & Shapes

Shell structure far from stabilityShell structure

far from stability

Neutrons for scienceAtomic & solid state physicsRadiobiology & Isotope production

Neutrons for scienceAtomic & solid state physicsRadiobiology & Isotope production

ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES

ISOSPIN DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN NUCLEAR FORCES

www.ganil.fr/research/developments/spiral2/

Particle ArrayParticle ArrayGamma ArrayGamma Array

AGATA

PARISGASPARD

FAZIA

EXOGAM 2

ACTAR

NFS

S3DESIR

2006-2007: 19 Letters of Intent, 600 physicists from 34 countries2008-2009: TDR for big instrumentation at SPIRAL2

DESIR

Low-energy beams from:S1, S2, S3

S3Productionbuilding

SPIRAL2 (S2)

GANIL – SPIRAL1 (S1)

Projectile or targetfragmentation at95 MeV/A

main interest:very neutron- and proton-rich light nuclei1+ n+

C

Source

UCx2000°C

diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons

1+ n+

C

Source

UCx2000°C

diffusion / effusiondeuterons40 MeV neutrons

1+ n+

Fission, fusionevaporation, DIC

main interest:- fission products- medium-mass proton-rich nuclei

UCx2H

IS

UCx ISHI

n

2HTarget

2HIS

n

Target IS

Converter

LISOL

Gas catcher

Fusion-evaporationreactions at CoulombBarrier, DIC

main interest:- very heavy nuclei- N=Z nuclei- very short-lived isotopes- refractory elements

170-178Hf161-179Lu

200-210Po

101-110Ag

2 8

20

28

82

126

152

20

82

6-11Li

20-31Na

36-47K

39-50Ca

72-96Kr

76-98Rb

77-100Sr

102-120Cd

104-127In

108-132Sn

116-146Xe

118-146Cs

132-150Nd

138-154Sm

138-159Eu

146-165Dy

151-165Ho

150-167Er153-172Tm

153-176Yb

178-198Pt

183-197Au

181-206Hg

185-214Pb

202-213Bi

207-228Fr

208-232Ra

2

8

187-208Tl

202-225Rn

32-40,46Ar

11Be

17-28Ne

182-193Ir

240-244Am

227Ac232Th

235-238U

237Np

238-244Pu

249Cf249Bk

254Es

248Cm

68-70Cu 5044,45Ti

28

50

147-159Tb

120-148Ba

255Fm

146-160Gd

87-102Zr

6He

… all elements available from S3

to DESIR

Identification station

to CIME

RFQ-HRS

m/m = 20000

Optical studies for double HRS are under way: aim is m/m = 20000 for 2mm mrad

to DESIR

Identification station

to CIME

RFQ-HRS

Teresa Kurtukian Nieto, CENBG

Length = 70 cm

Radius = 3mm

Florian Duval, Gilles Ban, Dave Lunney

0 20 40 60 80-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

Deriva

ted in

tensi

ty

V4 (V)

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

Der

ivat

ed in

tens

ity

V4 (V)

0 20 40 60 80-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nor

mal

ized

inte

nsity

(%

)

V4 (V)

• Gas : Helium at 10-2 mbar

• ΔE ≈ 0.18eV (before re-acceleration)

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

Div

erg

ence

(m

rad)

Position (mm)

0

248,8

497,5

746,3

995,0

1244

1493

1741

1990

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

Div

erge

nce

(mra

d)

Position (mm)

0

1008

2015

3023

4030

5038

6045

7053

8060

Without gas : 12 π.mm.mrad Helium at 10-2mbar : 4.75 π.mm.mrad

• 4.75 π.mm.mrad @ 3keV → ≈ 1 π.mm.mrad @ 60keV • Still under investigation :

– RF heating – Residual gas effect outside the RFQ section– Charge-exchange process

Laserroom

(mezzanine)

Meetingroom

(on top of DAQ)

Kitchen

+ WC(on top of CR)

MLL trap

Collinea

r Las

er

spec

trosc

opy

-NM

R

RFQbun-cher

+

Decay

set

up

Paultrap

General

purpose

SAS

ElectronicsDeskAccess5 m

Beam fromLevel -1

TAS

Neutronditch

Crane access to basement

Double M

OT

Gener

al

purpose

IS

Identification station with

tape

LN2

Gas &

w

aste sto

rage

LUMIERE BESTIOL

DA

Qro

om

Co

ntro

lro

om

off-linesource2

off-linesource1

Supply

Electri-city

Gray Room 2

Gray Room 1

AssemblyRoom 3

ControlRacks

Interfaces

HV

supplies

Crane access to basement

Stor- age 1

Assembly Room 2

Assembly Room 1

Stor- age 2

Radiolab

5 m

storage

Limits of DESIR hall

free

Bea

m f

rom

P

rod

uct

ion

bu

ild

ing

, S

3 an

d S

PIR

AL

1

Workshop

X

Identificationand radioprotectionmeasurements

Neutronditch

• RFQ SHIRAC: Gilles Ban• HRS: Bertram Blank• DESIR building: Franck Delalee• General purpose ion buncher GPIB + stable ion sources: Pierre Delahaye• Identification station: Philippe Dessagne

• Beam transport lines: Francois Le Blanc

• Safety and security: Jean-Charles Thomas

• Command / Control, diagnostics: Stéphane Grévy

• submitted on December 19, 2008

• presented to SPIRAL2 SAC on January 29, 2009

• strongly supported by SPIRAL2 SAC….

• about 100 pages of technical description of DESIR facility

and its equipment

• co-signed by 111 physicists and engineers of 15 countries

• contains a general description of buildings and interfaces

• description of major installations like traps, spectroscopy

setups etc

• report available on DESIR web page (www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/desir)

• Collinear Laser spectroscopy: - spins - magnetic moments - quadrupole moments - change of charge radii

• -NMR spectroscopy: - nuclear gyromagnetic factor - quadrupole moment

N=50, N=64, N=82, …

• Microwave double resonance in a Paul trap: - hyperfine anomaly and higher order momenta (octupole and hexadecapole deformation)

Eu, Cs, Au, Rn, Fr, Ra, Am ….

LUMIERELUMIERELLaser aser Utilisation for tilisation for MMeasurement andeasurement and

IIonization of onization of EExotic xotic RRadioactive adioactive EElementslements

F. Le Blanc ,OrsayF. Le Blanc ,OrsayG. Neyens, LeuvenG. Neyens, LeuvenP. Campbell, ManchesterP. Campbell, Manchester

Atomic hyperfine structureAtomic hyperfine structure

Interaction between an orbital e- (J) and the atomic nucleus (I,I,QS)

results in a hyperfine splitting (HFS) of the e- energy levels

J

n

FEHFS

1)J(J1)I(I1)F(FK with

I.J(0)Hμ eIA Hyperfine structure constants: and (0)Ve zzSQB

1)I.J1)(2J2(2I

1)1)J(JI(I1)K(K43

..K2

ΔEHFS

BA

Collinear laser spectroscopy: / ~ 10-2, QS/QS ~ 10-1 for heavy elements

Isotope shift measurementsIsotope shift measurements

Frequency shift between atomic transitions in different isotopes of the same chemical element

related to the mass and size differences

A'A,2SMSNMS

A' A, rF.A.A'

A)(A').K(K

J1, F1

J2, F2

J1, F1

J2, F2

A,A’

mean square charge radius variations with a precision ~ 10-3

study of nuclei shape (deformation)

)21

1)(m)(.(3cos1)4I(2I

Q3h.Lh.ΔE 2

1-mm,

θ

-NMR spectroscopy-NMR spectroscopy

h

.B.L

0N Ig

-asymmetry in the decay of polarized nuclei in a magnetic field

Zeeman splitting related to gI and QS

I

M+I

M-I

resonant destruction of the polarization (i.e. -asymmetry) by means of an additional RF magnetic field

h

.V. ZZQ

SQewith and

B0

gI/gI ~ 10-3, QS/QS ~ 10-2

complementary technique to collinear laser spectroscopy

suitable for light elements (low QS values)

• Decay studies with halo nuclei

• Clustering studies in light nuclei

• -delayed charged-particle emission: e.g. proton-proton correlation

• Super-allowed decays and the standard model of electro-weak interaction

• Deformation and Gamow-Teller distribution

• 2n correlations, Pn and nuclear structure (r-process)

• ...

BESTIOLBESTIOLBEBEta decay STSTudies at the SPIRAL2 IIsOLOL facility

TETRA, Y. Penionzhkevich (Dubna)TAS, J.L. Tain (Valencia) setup, B. Blank (Bordeaux)

M.J.G. Borge, MadridM.J.G. Borge, Madrid

• within the SM

x : Fermi fraction; : GT/F mixing ratio

• beyond the SM

contains quadratic S and T contributions

• angular correlation

requires to measure the recoil ion + particle

Search for exotic interactionsSearch for exotic interactions

O. Naviliat-Cuncic et al., LPC CaenO. Naviliat-Cuncic et al., LPC Caen

e+

e

nucleus

Vud

0+0+ = 0.97425(22)

VusK = 0.2254(21)

VubB = 0.00367(47)

= 3072.08 (79) s

2 2 2 2 = + + 0.9967(13= )ui ud us ubi

V V V V 0.99995(61)

CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ CVC, CKM, exotic currents: 0+ 0+ 0+ decaysdecays

Measurements: - Q value - T1/2 - branching ratios

J.C. Hardy et al.

Study of GT strength via Study of GT strength via -delayed proton decay: -delayed proton decay: 2121MgMgC

oun

ts

Energy (keV)

Experiment Theory21Mg

J.C. Thomas

Mirror symmetry studiesMirror symmetry studies

= 4.8 (4) %

+ : p → n + e+ +

E.C. : p + e- → n +

n p

ft+

Average asymmetry :

11 (1) % in the 1p shell (A<17)

0 (1) % in the (2s,1d) shell (17<A<40)

Allowed Gamow-Teller transitions (log(ft)<6)

17 couples of nuclei

46 mirror transitions

- : n → p + e- +

n p

ft-

1

ft

ft

= nuc + SCC

J.C. Thomas et al. (GANIL/CENBG)

MLLTRAPMLLTRAP

• High-accuracy mass measurements - unitarity of CKM matrix (Vud): 50Mn, 54Co with M/M~10-10

- transuranium isotopes (beams from S3): M(Z>102) • In-trap spectroscopy: - conversion electron and spectroscopy: shape coexistence • Trap-assisted spectroscopy - decay studies of isomerically pure radioactive species

P. Thirolf , MunichP. Thirolf , Munich

Set-up being installed at

MLL/Garching

Physics case and Physics case and possible key experimentspossible key experiments

High-accuracy mass measurements - unitarity of CKM matrix (Vud ): superallowed emitter measure e.g. 50Mn,54Co with m/m~10-10

- mass measurements of transuranium isotopes (beams from S3): m(Z>102)

- precision studies on fundamental constants: e.g. molar Planck constant NA.h

mass difference measurement + capture ’s (from ILL)

In-trap spectroscopy: exploit carrier-free sample in trap for ultimate resolution: - conversion electron and spectroscopy: E0 decays (> shape coexistence) - ‘shake-off‘ electrons from and conversion decay in heavy isotopes: 2+ lifetimes, quadrupole moments of heavy nuclei

Trap-assisted spectroscopy tape station behind Penning trap - decay studies of isomerically pure radioactive species

KVI atomic trapping facilityKVI atomic trapping facility

• New limits on scalar and tensor contributions in the weak interaction

• New limits on time-reversal violation in beta decay

• Systematic of atomic parity non-conservation in a long isotopic chain

H. Wilschut, GroningenH. Wilschut, Groningen

Experimental set-up at KVI

with polarization

correlation: MOT + RIMS + detector

TOF E//

X,Y E

MeV

detector

MCP

-V0 +V00

SM

Not SM

start

Without polarization

DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1 DESIR: 29 weeks of RIB/year: 10 weeks of RIB from SPIRAL2, 4 weeks from S3, 15 weeks from SPIRAL1

Standard planning; one production caveStandard planning; one production cave

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

DESIR building + beam lines to DESIR : green zones on and off operation

-> controlled accesses-> activity confinement and monitoring (external exposure dose rate +

inhalation risks)-> limited impact on the environment

-> impact evaluation prior to experiments-> technical solutions to limit the risks

The Dose rate issue (DeD)

working area: DeD < 7.5 µSv/h < 2 mSv/year/worker

temporary working area (< 10 min): DeD < 100 µSv/h

RIB from S1: (108 pps 19Ne)-> definitely an issue but: short lifetime and temporary shielding can be mounted (30 cm air + 30 cm concrete)

RIB from S2: can be an issue if long-lived and produced at high yields + contaminants

RIB from S3: I < 106 pps, N~Z nuclei : can be an issue depending on the selectivity

Accidental activity release (inhalation risks)

Example of 131I: T1/2 = 8.02 d

LPCA = 400 Bq/m3 assuming a 100 % release at room temperature

-> Considering a release volume of 10*10*5 m3 = 500 m3, A(131I)MAX = 2.E+05 Bq i.e. A(131I)MAX = 2.4E+06 pps for 1 day of implantation

For any RIB presenting inhalation risks: induced LPCA in Bq/m3 associated with a dose limitation (20 mSv for 2000 h and 1.2 m3/h inhalation)

DESIR safety requirement : released activity < 1 LPCA (at any time -> cooling to be considered)

132Sn only

In target yield (10In target yield (101414 f/s) f/s)7.7 107.7 101111 to 7.9 10 to 7.9 101111

V = 500 m3

Collection time

IMAX (pps) for 1 LPCA

Cooling time to reach

0.01 LPCA

1 d 8.5E+06 22 d

LPCA evolution

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Collection and cooling time (day)

LP

CA

Coll. 1h

Coll. 8h

Coll. 16h

Coll. 1j

Coll. 3j

Coll. 7j

Coll 15j

Activity evolution

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

1.E+09

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Collection and cooling time (day)

Ac

tiv

ity

(B

q)

Coll. 1h

Coll. 8h

Coll. 16h

Coll. 1j

Coll. 3j

Coll. 7j

Coll. 15j

Beam intensity limitation ~10Beam intensity limitation ~1055

Phase I

Phase II

• RFQ: on-going tests, study of “nuclearisation”, study of final version of RFQ

• HRS: detailed optical study of new ALPHA version, detailed mechanical study

• beam lines: preliminary design, cost estimate, detailed design study

• stable ion sources: definition, purchase

• GPIB: study and construction

• Identification station: preliminary design, detailed design, construction

• DESIR building: like SPIRAL2 Phase 2 construction program….

decision about construction at latest mid 2010

• ……