by Maggie Ma

Fluids

Chapter 10

I. States of Matter

A. Plasma

1. occurs only at high temperatures

2. consists of ionized atoms

B. Colloid

1. suspension of tiny particles in a liquid

C. Liquid Crystal

1. intermediate between solids and liquids

2. application: laptop computer screens, calculators, digital cameras, etc.

II. Properties of Fluids

A. Density

1. mass per unit volume:

2. SI unite: kg/m3

B. Specific Gravity

1. ratio of density of that substance to the density of water at 4.0 oC

C. Pressure

1. force per unit area

2.

3. SI unit: N/m2, official name is pascal (Pa)

States/Phases of Matter Shape Volume Ability to Flow

Solid Fixed Fixed No

FluidLiquid Takes on shape of container Fixed Yes

Gas Expand to fill container Yes

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by Maggie Ma4. a fluid can exert a pressure in ay direction, and the fluid pressure always acts

perpendicular to any solid surface it is in contact with

5.

6. Atmospheric pressure: 1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa1 bar = 1.00 × 105 Pa

7. Gauge Presssure

8. P = PA + PG

D. Measurement of Pressure

1. Pa

2. atm

3. torr: 1 atm = 760 mm-Hg = 760 torr

4. Barometer: measure pressure

III. Static Fluids

A. Pascal’s Principle:

1. if an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure at every

point within the fluid increases by that amount

2. application: hydraulic lift

3.

B. Buoyancy

1. Archimedes’ Principle: the buoyant face on an object immersed in a fluid is

equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object

2.

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by Maggie Ma3.

IV. Fluids in Motion

A. Equation of continuity:

B. If the fluid is incompressible:

C. Bernoulli’s principle: where the

velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low, and where the velocity is low, the

pressure is high.

D. Bernoulli’s equation:

E. Torricelli’s theorem:

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