By: Deane Bunce SBAS Manager Federal Aviation Administration Date: February 2, 2014 Federal Aviation Administration Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

By: Deane Bunce

SBAS Manager

Federal Aviation Administration

Date: February 2, 2014

Federal AviationAdministrationWide Area

Augmentation System (WAAS) – Program Update

2Federal AviationAdministration

WAAS Program Update – IWG 26February 5, 2014

Agenda

• WAAS Overview• WAAS Performance• WAAS GEO Activities• WAAS Future Plans• User Segment Update



Wide Area Augmentation System

38 Reference

Stations

3 Master

Stations

6 Ground

Earth Stations

3 Geostationary

Satellite Links

2 Operational

Control Centers



WAAS Development Phases• Phase I: IOC (July 2003) Completed

– Included Development of a robust safety architecture– Included establishment of WAAS expert panel to evaluate potential integrity

threats • Phase II: Full LPV (FLP) (2003 – 2008) Completed

– Completed a Safety Risk Management Decision (SRMD) to support LPV-200 (VAL of 35m)

– Expanded WAAS coverage to Mexico and Canada while modifying the System to address observed Ionospheric threats

• Phase III: Full LPV-200 Performance (2009 – 2013)– Completed System updates to improve performance during moderate ionospheric

activity– Supported continuous monitoring of system data that contributes to continued

integrity assurance– Began transition of Second Level Engineering from contractor based to organic

FAA capability• Phase IV: Dual Frequency (L1,L5) Operations (2014 – 2044)

– Includes the transition from use of L2 to L5 in WAAS reference stations– Infrastructure modifications to support future L1/L5 user capability– Support sustainment of WAAS GEOs



WAAS Safety Computer• Development Phase

– Design• Single design for C&V and GUS application• RTCA DO-178B Assurance Level B and DO-254 Compliant

– 28 Initial Production Units available by December 2014

• Production Phase– 42 Additional Production Units available by September 2015– Total of 70 units

• Deployment– Integration of units into WAAS

• C&V Mode: mid 2016 – 2017• GUS Mode: late 2017 – 2018



WAAS Telecommunications U/G• Design completed

– Upgrade of • Circuit Architecture• Doubling of Bandwidths, and• Physical Interface

– Technology Refresh – Equipment (Routers, Switches, Network Taps, etc.) upgrades addressing obsolescence

– Network Management and Security upgrades



WAAS Telecommunications U/G• Development in progress

– Software, Hardware, and Tools development in progress

– Telecommunications Upgrade Integration Tests scheduled from May 2014 – Dec 2014

• Deployment– Telecommunications U/G Implementation Plans

developed– Procurement of Circuits in progress. Delivery of 40

services scheduled for July 2014– Fielding of Telecommunications U/G planned from

early 2015 into 2016



WAAS G-III• Development Phase completed• Capabilities

– GPS L1 C/A, L1C, L2 PY, L2 C, L5 GPS– SBAS L1 C/A, L5 – Up to 18 GPS / 8 SBAS channels tracked

• Production Phase in progress– Initial batch of G-III receivers procured under

development contract– Total of 176 units

• 30 delivered• 23 by the end of March 2014• 50 by the end of FY 14



G-III Test

• Compatibility testing accomplished using G-III receivers at six operational WRSs– Receivers installed in side-by-side arrangement with

operational G-II receivers using same clock and antenna inputs

• G-III data packaged in WAAS format and substituted for operational data in test master station (NASE/Shadow)

• Deployment into WAAS– Starting 2015 into 2016– G-II Functional replacement– WAAS software updates for G-III fielding are in

development



WAAS Reference Station Network and Test Sites



WAAS Coverage

2003 IOC – LPV Coverage in lower 48 states only

2013 Coverage - Full LPV 200 Coverage in CONUS (3 Satellites)

2008 Coverage - Full LPV 200 Coverage in CONUS (2 Satellites)



WAAS RNP 0.3 and RNP 0.1 Coverage

12



WAAS GEO Status

• Current WAAS GEO satellites– Intelsat Galaxy XV

(CRW)– Anik F1R (CRE)– Inmarsat I4F3

(AMR)



GEO 5

• Contract awarded to Raytheon in Sep. 2012• WAAS payload to be hosted on Satmex 9

commercial satellite– Satellite will be located at 117W degrees

• Launch planned in late 2015 with WAAS signal becoming operational in 2017

• Satellite will replace one of 3 existing GEOs



Satmex 9 Schedule

Legend

Milestone

Service Ended

Service Started

Satellite Development

WAAS Schedule

SC Development

Comm Upgrades

G-III ReceiverFA

A I

nd

ep

en

de

nt

Ac

tiv

itie

sD

FO

an

d G

EO

Co

ntr

ac

ts

CY11 CY12 CY13 CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19

7/14

3/14 8/15

Development Production Fielding

3/13

1/13 6/15

G-III Test Circuits System-Wide

Segment 1

GEO 5

GEO 6

GEO 7

AMR

CRW

CRE

Dual Frequency Segment 2

12/15

11/16

7/17

Reacquired

Satmex 9

10/17

12/13

DFO SIR

9/14

DFO Award

Base Contract Complete



CY20



International Tracking

• Currently track GNSS system coverage data at the William J. Hughes Technical Center (WJHTC) for WAAS, MSAS and EGNOS– Track to RNP 0.3 and LPV equivalent levels

• With recent implementation of the GAGAN system the WJHTC is researching ways to obtain data for integration into the FAA’s tracking tool

• WJHTC Tracking Tool available at:– http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/SBAS24/

17



Federal Register Notice

• L1/L2 Sunset– In 2008 the Office of Space Commercialization produced a

Federal Register Notice detailing the U.S. Government's plan to phase out codeless and semi-codeless [L2 P(Y)] access to GPS by 31 December 2020.

– Concern with the elimination of L1C/A signal prior to full implementation of new L5 signal



Transition from L2 to L5• The overall WAAS coverage in the Continental US if there is full GPS Service

Availability (24+ Satellites) when the US transitions from L2 to L5

• The overall WAAS coverage in the Continental US if GPS Service Availability is reduced to 21 Satellites prior to full transition to L5

LPV LPV-200



WAAS Phase IV Dual Frequency Operations• Segment 1

– Develop of infrastructure improvements to support use of L5

• 5 to 7 year effort

– G-III Reference Receiver Integration, Communications Upgrade, Safety Computer Integration

• Segment 2– Implementation of L1/L5 user capability

• 5 to 7 year effort• Dual Frequency Messaging



WAAS Phase IV Hardware Refresh

• Safety Computer– Extends current performance to support new L5

frequency– Single box supports both the WAAS Master Station

(WMS) GEO Uplink Station (GUS) configurations.– 8 Pre-production units are being tested and integrated

within FAA shadow environments– Additional 28 units will be delivered upon final unit

validation • G-III Receiver

– Recently taken acceptance of ~14 Production Receivers June 2013 – Finalized Production Contract for ~ 165 Production Receivers

SC Conceptual Design: Rearview



WAAS Communications Upgrade and Dual Frequency Capability

• WAAS Communication network– Study of existing Communication network identified

need to increase bandwidth and replace obsolete equipment

– Upgrade being executed by WAAS Engineering Team

– CDR completed in June 2013

• Dual-Frequency Capability – Established a test network at 6 current Wide-area

Reference Stations to support L5 data collection– Continuing algorithm development

• Completed prototype software development April 2013

– Capability follows L5 Full Operational Capability (FOC) (L5 FOC expected around 2021)



WAAS Phase IV Investigations• Dual-Frequency Multi-constellation Capability

– Address the International attention towards use of other GPS like constellations• Supporting efforts at International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Navigation

Systems Panel (NSP) and supporting development of draft SARPs for foreign GNSS.

– Support User Equipment Standards for Dual-Frequency Operations• Work with manufacturers in efforts to establish draft standards for a multi-constellation SBAS• Primary efforts is development of the IWG Definition Document for SBAS and Multi-constellation

• Advanced RAIM (ARAIM)– Avionics-centric approach to dual-frequency multi-constellation– ARAIM subgroup working to finalize concept definition

• Number of potential architectures has been reduced • One prime focus area is time required for fault monitoring notification (range from near real-time to

weeks)

• Will be used to coordinate standards development with ICAO, RTCA and EUROCAE



Airports with WAAS LPV/LP Instrument Approaches

As of January 9th, 2014- 3,889 LP/LPVs combined- 3,364 LPVs serving 1,661 Airports- 854 LPV-200’s - 2,262 LPVs to Non-ILS Runways - 1,102 LPVs to ILS runways- 1,535 LPVs to Non-ILS Airports- 525 LPs serving 381 Airports- 522 LPs to Non-ILS Runway- 3 LPs to ILS Runways



Recently Completed Program Activities - Outreach Initiatives

• Northern Air Cargo: Equipped three B-737s with Universal Avionics UNS-1Fw WAAS FMSs

– Benefits• STC for first US-owned WAAS-equipped Boeing aircraft (B-737/200) • STC applicability to over 1800 A/C world wide

• Bell Helicopters: Bell-429 helicopter equipped and Bell Project completed with route structure and point-in-space instrument approach procedures successfully demonstrated. PinS design criteria documentation submitted to FAA AFS-400

– Benefits• WAAS shown to provide substantially lower minima• Unique opportunity to Quantify benefits for WAAS serving as primary means of navigation

• CapeAir: Equipped six Cessna 402C aircraft with Garmin GNS-430W receivers – Cape Air decision made to equip their entire fleet of 64 aircraft with WAAS LPV avionics– Realized enhanced vertical guidance into remote airports that might not otherwise be serviced in

low instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).– Additional wake turbulence avoidance procedure test completed (3.5 degree glide path angle)

• Care Flight: Completed STC and Flight Validation for August A-109E with Garmin 430W

– Program flight operations completed for hospital LPVs and non-interfering routes around DFW



Recently Completed Program Activities - Outreach Initiatives (Cont.)• FAA Citations: Equipped two aircraft with Universal UNS-1Fw FMSs• Associated Aircraft Group (AAG): Two Sikorsky helicopters equipped

with Universal UNS-1Fw FMS – Conducting IFR helicopter procedures and routing in the complex New York airspace.

South shore non-interfering routes flight tested by FAA Tech Center

• FAA Tech Center Convair Project:– Convair 580 WAAS Beta 3/ADS-B Out STC issued– Amended STC WAAS Delta 4/LPV/LP and ADS-B Out certification issued October 2013

• NetJets: Equipped 10 Hawker 900XP aircraft with Rockwell Collins FMS and Integral WAAS GPS receiver. All NetJets’ new aircraft are ordered with WAAS LPV capability

26



Current Program Activities - Outreach Initiatives

• Horizon WAAS Data Collection: Initial project equipped seven Q-400 aircraft with Universal WAAS flight management systems. Substantial benefits realized, Horizon entire fleet of 50 Q400s now fully equipped:

– Lower Minimums with LPV approach, Precision Vertical Guidance, Primary Means Navigation, RAIM Prediction Requirements, Best Alternative when ILS is OTS, Platform for RNP, Reduction of Track Miles, Decommission NDB Approaches, and VOR Approaches reducing crew training requirements and expense, best combination for PBN approach RNP / LPV / RNP

• Horizon Low Visibility Approach: Test and simulate low visibility approach operations with Head-Up Guidance System and WAAS LPV to reduce Decision Height and Runway Visual Range. Goal is 150 DH with 1400 RVR:

– 320 Simulation runs and 35 actual flight tests planned for data collection

• Express Jet (formerly ASA): Equip 4 Canadair Regional Jet 900 (CRJ900) aircraft with Rockwell/Collins WAAS/LPV enabled GPS-4000S avionics

– Phase 1: CVNAV Service Bulletin installs completed on April 8, 2013– Bombardier released the CRJ700/900 WAAS/LPV Service Bulletin on November 18 th – Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) was issued on November 20th

– Phase 2: WAAS/LPV STC installs expected to be completed January 2014



Questions

Navigation (> 99.0% Availability)

Surveillance (>99.9% Availability)

Positioning

Accuracy (95%)

Containment(10-7)

SeparationNACp(95%)

NIC(10-7)

GNSS PNT(99.0 – 99.999%)

En Route

*10 nm 20 nm

5 nm185.2m

(7)1 nm

(5)GPS*4 nm 8 nm

*2 nm 4 nm

Terminal *1 nm 2 nm3 nm

92.6m(8)

0.6 nm(6)LNAV *0.3 nm 0.6 nm

RNP (AR) *0.1 nm **0.1 nm2.5 nmDPA

92.6m(8)

0.2 nm(7)

SBAS/WAAS

LPV 16m/4m 40m/50m 2.5 nm DPA

92.6m(8)

0.2 nm(7)LPV-200 16m/4m 40m/35m

GLS Cat-I 16m/4m 40m/10m 2.0 nmIPA

92.6 m(8)

0.2 nm(7)

GBASGLS Cat-III 16m/2m 40m/10m

GNSS Enables Performance Based Navigation

Dependent Parallel Approach (DPA)

Independent Parallel Approach (IPA)

Surveillance Integrity Level (SIL)

Navigation Integrity Category (NIC)

Navigation Accuracy Category

for Position (NACp)

* Operational requirements are defined for total system accuracy, which is dominated by fight technical error.

Position accuracy for these operations is negligible.

** Containment for RNP AR is specified as a total system requirement; value representative of current approvals.

Legacy APNT GAP

AP

NT



WAAS Avionics Status • Garmin:

– 89,004+ WAAS LPV receivers sold – Currently largest GA panel mount WAAS Avionics supplier– New 650/750 WAAS capable units brought to market at the end of March 2011 to replace 430/530W units

• AVIDYNE & Bendix-King: – 223 Avidyne Release 9 units sold to date. Introduced IFD540 FMS/GPS/Nav/Com System with Touch screen– Bendix King KSN-770 certification pending

• Universal Avionics:– Full line of UNS-1Fw Flight Management Systems (FMS) achieved avionics approval Technical Standards Orders

Authorization (TSOA) in 2007/2008– 3,192+ WAAS receivers sold as of November 13, 2013

• Rockwell Collins:– Approximately 2,900 WAAS/SBAS units sold to date

• CMC Electronics: – Achieved Technical Standards Orders Authorization (TSOA) certification on their 5024 and 3024 WAAS Sensors– Convair aircraft have WAAS LPV capable units installed and received WAAS LPV STC October 2013– Canadian North B-737-300 obtained STC for SBAS(WAAS) LPV using dual GLSSU-5024 receivers

• Honeywell:– Primus Epic “PlaneView” and “SmartView” avionics suites. – Primus 2000 w/FMZ- 2000, 6.1 FMS with CMA 4124 sensors

• Innovative Solutions & Support: 200 integrated systems• Thales : Top Deck Integrated System ( Sikorsky S-76D)

Documents

By: Deane Bunce SBAS Manager Federal Aviation Administration Date: February 2, 2014 Federal Aviation Administration Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)