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A complex idea(l)
constructed, formulated and made use of in
various contexts
BILDUNG
culture
ethics aesthetics
reason
SELF/mind
Spirit/soul
tradition
humanity
SELF- creation
formation determination
cultivation
growth experience reflection
REALIZATION OF THE IDEA OF HUMANITY
realization development
BILDUNG linguistic
societal
genealogical educational
existential
philosophical
conceptual
historical political
BILDUNG DEWEY
HUMBOLDT
HERDER HERBART
HEGER
COMENIUS
ROUSSEAU
FICHTE
KANT
BILDUNG
Being and becoming a human being ….
… in/as an interplay between self-formation and the world
Self-formation and –development of a rational subject under external
pedagogical influence
BILDUNG
An optimistic and positivist view on human being and his/her potentials. Belief and trust in, recognition of, and reliance on human beings capable of
realizing human potentials in an orderly, social and sustainable
manner
Culture (tradition, history) as a context, resource, challenge and an aim
Combining a open process of
Bildung Mind, reason, freedom, learning, growth
WITH
actions to nurture and give direction to the process
Erziehung Matter, causality, coercion, teaching,
educating
Theory of bildung Becoming a individual within and in relation to the world Sense of being Rational construction of the self
Personalization
Theory of fostering Becoming a human being together with others Sense of belonging Open dynamics of interaction Cultivation (pedagogics) Socialization
Citizenship as an aim
Using human potentials
for the common good Challenging
and nurturing the existing social order
Civilization (politics)
Emancipation
Simultaneously
Freedom to cultivate ones inner being, life and dispositions, finding the world within by studying the classics, reflecting (on) the traditions and the culture (and the inherited power structures) Liberal education, Personal growth, inner enlightenment
Freedom from (emancipation, liberation, autonomy) the traditions and institutions and their power structures Folk enlightement, bildung
private
public
methods
subjects
theory
practice
reason
passion
academic
vocational
pedagogics politics
A BOTH-AND CONCEPT/PRACTICE
Bildung for citizenship (active citizenship)
Bildung of personality (the classics)
Collective self bildung (in a study circle)
Interrelated ideas of bildung in the Swedish labour movement
(Bernt Gustavsson 1991)
Social capital
Human capital
Identity capital
Contemplating Thinking
Experiencing
In a free autonomous,
rational manner
To be presented and
observed in public
Participation Citizenship Democracy
Vocation
REFLECTION ACTION
SELF/MIND/SPIRIT/INTELLIGENCE
FREE YOUR MIND (AND REST WILL FOLLOW)
STRUGGLE FOR
FREEDOM
FREEDOM
FOR SELF-
EXPRESSION DISPLAY
EXPLOITATION
Studying the classics and liberals arts at Cambridge
Forming a study circle in order
to conquer the knowledge and skills needed for a soft revolution
Edutainment of the 21st century
Striving for freedom from
Freedom from a te(le)ological ideal of becoming a God-Like being (Imago-Dei) by obeying the rules of the Christian tradition and way and manners of living as defined in the Bible
German intelligentsias claim for their self-acquired inner potentials as opposed to the inherited achievements of the aristocracy, and for distinguishing German culture from the French civilization and the English enlightenment
In Finland J.V. Snellman asserts “The safety of a small folk lies within it´s bildung.” during a process of establishing the Finnish language and nation (as being part of Russia, earlier a part of Sweden)
The empiricist-positivist educational sciences during the of 20th century
A fighting concept in the policy debates of our times, an argument against accountability and measurability (PISA), competencies and skills, emphasizing humanities rather than natural sciences
Anders Chydenius 1765
The individual ought to, by his own reflective capacities be able to formulate his own point of reference (personal, moral, political) and is supposed to do this in public, and by being a part of public conversation the individual is to question and criticize the existing societal order and conditions (e.g. the jurisdiction)
Public use of the personal rationality
Michael Welton 2002
With others, critical adult educators can foster communicative infrastructures within existing institutions, associations and public spheres. This means that the rules of discourse’ must be followed: no one may be excluded; anything may be said, questioned, or challenged; and no force may be used. Dialogue partners must practice tolerance, civility and tact in their everyday practical discourses. A vital civil society requires a political culture in which ‘citizens actively participate in public debate.
The second pedagogical challenge of civil society (1) Learning to listen (3) Creating innovative learning
Three paradigms of adult education in the 1970s
Andragogy based on the idea of human development Education as growth
Radical AE based on political Empowerment Education as liberation
Lifelong education based on scientific humanism Education as guidance
FOLK ENLIGHTENMENT AND BILDUNG Social movements of the late 19th century brings individuals together into collectives to further their opinions and interests. Folk enlightenment and folk bildung becomes both an arena for and means of formulating and furthering their interests.
The Church BIBLE
The Nature Encyclopedia
The Folk Song book
The Workers The communist
Manifesto
Self-directed learning Malcolm Knowles
Self-reflection Jack Mezirow
Reflection-in/on-action Donald Schön
Experiential learning David Kolb
History of folk enlightenment in Denmark
The brave new autonomous adult learner of our times
The four dimensions of Nordic tradition of adult education
Popular Education
A strive for social change
Individual growth and development
Liberal education
Sense of community and belonging
Community education
Folk enlightenment
Citizens in civil societies
Sweden Denmark, Norway
Finland Study circles
Folk high schools
folk, people
freedombildung
enlightenment
On becoming human beings and citizens
work
folk, people
freedombildung
enlightenment
On becoming human beings and citizens
work
freedombildung
enlightenment
On becoming human beings and citizens
work
NORDIC TRADITION OF ADULT EDUCATION
Various aspects of freedoms
independence autonomy
from to
liberty freedom
An open-ended, free dynamic process of becoming
taking place in relation
to an “image” of (a) being
