Bhamathi Microbiology News LetterBhamathi Microbiology News Letter Volume 5, Issue 2, August - December 2015 ISSN: 2231-136X Proceeding of the 2nd National Conference on Frontiers

Bhamathi Microbiology News Letter

Volume 5, Issue 2, August - December 2015 ISSN: 2231-136X

Proceeding of the 2nd

National Conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology – SANMICROFEST 2016

SCOPE OF THE NEWS LETTER

Bhamathi Microbiology News letter strives to provide a forum for scientific researchers to

share findings on all aspects of Microbiology and to disseminate innovative, relevant and useful

information throughout the scientific horizon.

Bhamathi Microbiology News letter comprising research and review articles pertaining to all

branches of Microbiology and its allied disciplines and in general, shall be incorporating the

following fields: Bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology, and Protozoology, Molecular Biology,

Microbial Genetics, Microbial Physiology, Microbial Biochemistry, Microbial Taxonomy, Food

Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Epidemiology, Public Health,

Diagnostic Microbiology, Microbial Ecology and Environmental Microbiology.

Research papers, reporting work on all microorganisms, including viruses are welcomed

provided they demonstrate new findings of relevance to the field as a whole. The News letter is bi-

yearly publication which provides a platform for research scholars, intellectuals and

microbiologists to express their views and research work for interaction to the entire world. All

articles will be peer-reviewed and will find a place in Bhamathi Microbiology News letter based

on the merit and innovativeness of the research work. We therefore invite you to send your research

papers, reviews and articles for the forthcoming issues.

REVIEW POLICY AND PROCEDURE

Manuscripts are reviewed by expert in the particular research area. Reviewers, Associate

Editors and the Editor evaluate manuscripts for innovations in, significant contributions to,

and noteworthy advances in the theoretical or conceptual bases of the scientific field.

Correspondence and notifications regarding manuscripts will be through e-mail.

All reviewer comments and author revisions are handled electronically.

Copy editing queries and page proofs (or e-galleys) is also provided via e-mail.

Final acceptance of a manuscript is contingent upon compliance with Bhamathi

Microbiology News letter requirements. Manuscripts other than Special Invited Papers are

generally published in the order of receipt of the final, accepted version or of the corrected

proof.

Dr. K.R.Venkatesan Dr. G. Suresh

Patron Editor

EDITORIAL BOARD

Patron : Dr. K.R. Venkatesan, Ph.D.,

Principal, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College

Enathur, Kanchipuram, India

Editor : Dr. G. Suresh,

Assistant Professor and Head

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College


Associate Editors

Mrs. K. Kavitha

Assistant Professor

Department of Microbiology

Sri Sankara Arts and Science College


Dr. S. Sivakumar

Associate Professor

Department of Biochemistry

Sri Sankara Arts and Science College,


Dr.S.Kumaran

Assistant Professor




Dr. Thiyagarajan Raman

Associate Professor

Department of Bioengineering,

SASTRA University

Thanjavur, India.

Dr.S.Guruprasad

Assistant Professor




Dr. V. Shanmugaiah

Assistant Professor

Department of Microbial Technology

School of Biological Science, Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai, India

Dr.A.Baskaran

Assistant Professor




Dr. Mohan Pandi

Assistant Professor

Department of Molecular Microbiology

School of Biotechnology, Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.

Dr. B. Ramesh

Professor and Head

Department of Biotechnology,


Enathur, Kanchipuram, India.

Dr.A.Suresh Kumar

Scientist C

Department of Biochemistry

Central Leather Research Insitute

Adyar, Chennai

Dr. N. Rangarajan

Associate Professor and Head,

Department of Biochemistry,



Dr. S. Rajesh Kumar, Senior Lecturer

Department of Agriculture and Forestry,

University of Guyana, Berbice Campus,

Tain, Berbice, Guyana

South America.

2nd

National Conference on

“Frontiers in Translational Microbiology”

SANMICROFEST 2016

27th

-28th

January, 2016

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patrons Dr.V.B.Kumarakrishnan, Chairman

Dr.V.B.Hrishikesan, Secretary

Convenor Dr.K.R.Venkatesan, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Principal

Organizing Secretary

Dr.G.Suresh, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor & Head

Organizing Committee Members Mrs.K.Kavitha, M.Sc., M.Phil., Mr.E.Praveen Kumar, M.Sc.,

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Dr.S.Kumaran, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Dr.S.Guruprasad, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,


Dr. A.Baskaran, M.Sc., Ph.D., Dr.D.Sudha, M.Sc., Ph.D.,


Mr.K.Selvendiran, M.Sc.,

Technical Assistant

~~~~~×~~~~~

ARRANGEMENT COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mrs.K.Kavitha

Members:

S. Monash Raj, I M.Sc

A. Nivesh Narayanan, I M.Sc

A. Honest Raj , I M.Sc

U. Prakash, I M.Sc

K. Indhumathi, III B.Sc.

M. Thamayanthi, III B.Sc.

J. Sundharavalli, III B.Sc.

S. Sugan,II B.Sc

R. Iyyappan,II B.Sc

C. Dineshkumar,II B.Sc

T. Baskar,II B.Sc

V. Kamala kannan,II B.Sc

A. Sowndarapandian,II B.Sc

S. Sarath kumar,II B.Sc

D. Vijay,II B.Sc.

P. Shankar,II B.Sc

S. Selvakumar,II B.Sc

S. Karthik,II B.Sc

REGISTRATION AND FOOD

&CATERING COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Dr.S.Kumaran

Members:

R. Swathy, III B.Sc

R. Divya, III B.Sc

V. Arthiya ,III B.Sc

P. Pavithra, III B.Sc

K. Prithiya, III B.Sc

S. Pavithra, III B.Sc

M. Jayashri, III B.Sc

K. Tamilarasi, III B.Sc

S. Nathiya, III B.Sc

K. Sudhalakshmi, III B.Sc

K. Vinitha, III B.Sc

J. Suganya, III B.Sc

Y. Asha, III B.Sc

D. Nandhini, III B.Sc

B. Nivedha, II B.Sc

P. Devagi, II B.Sc

D. Bavatharani, II B.Sc

K. Perundevi, II B.Sc

P. Sivaranjani, II B.Sc

G. Logeshwaran, II B.Sc

D. Dhinesh, II B.Sc

K. Thamarai selvan, II B.Sc

A.Vigneshwaran, III B.Sc

M. Vijayakanth, III B.Sc

S. Suresh, III B.Sc

R. Murugan, III B.Sc

H. Inbarasan, III B.Sc

S. Anbu, III B.Sc

R. Venkatesan, III B.Sc

G. Rajasubramaniyam, III B.Sc

S. Arun, III B.Sc

B. Ramadoss, III B.Sc

G. Logeshwaran, II B.Sc

D. Dinesh, II B.Sc

K. Thamarai selvan, II B.Sc

R. Yogaraj, I B.Sc

G. Saravanan, I B.Sc

R. Selva Bharathi, I B.Sc

N. T. Siva Hariprakash, I B.Sc

S. Karthick, I B.Sc

G. M. Saravanan, I B.Sc

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Dr.S.Guruprasad

Dr.A.Baskaran

Members: D.Kokila, M.Phil.,

G. Suganya, II M.Sc

R. Indira, II M.Sc

B. Sivasankari, II M.Sc

M. Vijayalakshmi , I M.Sc

B. Pavithra, I M.Sc

M. Divya, I M.Sc

P.Raghu, I M.Sc

D. Ramya, I M.Sc

P. Padmini, I M.Sc

V. Akshya, II B.Sc

J. Shamrunisha, II B.Sc

P. Uma Mageshwari, II B.Sc

K. Apoorva, I B.Sc

K. Logeshwari, I B.Sc

A. Buvaneshwari, I B.Sc

V. Logesh, I B.Sc

R. Thirumoorthi, I B.Sc

M. Thirumalai, I B.Sc

M. Arunachalam, I B.Sc

R. Mullai Kodi, I B.Sc

RECEPTION AND DECORATION

COMMITTEE

Staff In-charge: Dr. D. Sudha

Members:

P.Raghu, II M.Sc

P. Pavithra, II M.Sc

P. Padmini, II M.Sc

S. Pavithra, III B.Sc

M. Sobiya, III B.Sc

R. V. Santhiyaa, III B.Sc

H. Vinodhini, II B.Sc

R. Muthupriya, II B.Sc

S. Surya, II B.Sc

R.Rekha, I B.Sc

M. Meenakshi, I B.Sc

V. Oviya, I B.Sc

R. Thirumoorthi, I B.Sc

G. Saravanan, I B.Sc

R. Selvabharathi, I B.Sc

V. Logesh, I B.Sc

ACCOMMODATION COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mr.E.Praveen Kumar

Members:

G.Dinesh, II B.Sc

S. Sabari, II B.Sc

N. Raghu, I B.Sc

K. V. Sanjay, I B.Sc

FINANCE AND TRANSPORT

COMMITTEE

Staff Incharge: Mr.K.Selvendiran

Members:

U. Yuvaraj, III B.Sc

G. Rajasubramaniyam, III B.Sc

V. Thangamani, III B.Sc

R. Ramlumar, III B.Sc

S. Dinesh, I B.Sc

~~~~~×~~~~~

2nd

National Conference on

“Frontiers in Translational Microbiology”

SANMICROFEST 2016

27th

- 28th

January, 2016

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

Day 1 – 27th

January, 2016

Inauguration Function

09:00 AM - Registration of Participants

09:30 AM - Arrival of Guests and Delegates

10:00 AM - Invocation & lighting of Kuthuvilaku

10:10 AM - Welcome Address: Dr.K.R.Venkatesan, Principal.

10:20 AM - Honoring the Guests

10:30 AM - Inaugural Address and Release of “Bhamathi” Microbiology News Letter

Dr.M.Elanchezhiyan, Professor


University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai

10:45 AM - Vote of thanks: Dr.G.Suresh, Organizing Secretary

10:50 AM - Tea break

11:00 AM - Plenary Lecture I - Studies on HIV infections and development of novel

anti HIV drug by Dr.M.Elanchezhiyan, Professor Department of

Microbiology, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai.

11:45 AM - Plenary Lecture II – An overview progress and bio control potential

of rice rhizosphere Pseudomonas sp. against sheath blight of rice by

Dr. Shanmugaiah Vellasamy, Department of Microbial Technology,

School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.

12:30 PM - Plenary Lecture III – Dental Microbiology by Dr.B.Gajapathi, Senior

Lecturer, Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sri Venkateswara Dental

College & Hospital, Chennai.

01:15 PM - Lunch

02:00 PM - Plenary Lecture IV – Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and their

virulence in human diseases by Dr.N. Balasubramanian, Department of

Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University

02:45 PM - Plenary Lecture V – Universal Work Precautions by Dr.R.Sekar,

Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,

Govt. Theni Medical College, Theni

03:30 PM - Poster Presentation - Section I

Judge: Dr.T.V.Poonguzhali. Assocoate Professor, Department of Botany,

Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous), Chennai

Dr.S.R.Pugazhvendan, Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology,

Annamalai University

Day 2 – 28th

January, 2016

09:30 AM - Arrival of Guests and Delegates

10:00 AM - Welcome Address: Mrs.K.Kavitha, Assistant Professor

10:10 AM - Honoring of Guests

10:15 AM - Plenary Lecture VI – Structural and functional studies on surface proteins

of Gram-positive bacteria by Dr. P.Karthe, Professor and Head, Centre of

Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of

Madras, Chennai

11:00 AM - Plenary Lecture VII – Marine therapeutics: A panacea for a plethora of

pathologies by Dr.S.T.Somasundaram, Associate Professor, CAS in

Marine Science, Annamalai University

11:45 AM - Tea break

12:00 PM - Poster Presentation - Section II

Judge: Dr.P.Anantharaman, Associate Professor

Dr.B.Devasigamani, Assistant Professor

CAS in Marine Science, Annamalai University

01:00 PM - Lunch

Valedictory function

02:00 PM - Welcome Address: Dr.V.B.Hrishikesan, M.B.B.S., M.D., Secretary.

02:10 PM - Valedictory address and Distribution of Prizes

Dr. P.Karthe, Professor and Head, Centre of

Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics,

University of Madras, Chennai

02:30 PM - Vote of Thanks: Dr.G.Suresh, Organizing Secretary

National Anthem

~~~~~×~~~~~

POSTER PRESEANTATION SESSION I

Chairperson: Dr. T.V. Poonguzhali Time:03:30PM Date: 27.01.2016

Dr. S.R. Pugazhvendan Hall: J3 and J4 Class rooms

Poster

No

Name of the Authors Title of the Paper Affiliation address

PP1 M. Kalaiselvam

Biodiversity and Bio-

prospecting of Marine Fungi

CAS in Marine Biology,

Faculty of Marine Sciences,

Annamalai University,

Parangipettai - 608 502.

[email protected]

PP2 Pauldurai Samraj1&2

,

Samraj. A3, Nithya

Karmegham4,

Balasubramaninan

Natesan1, Manoharan,

P.T1*

and Shanmugaiah

Vellasamy3

Detection of 2,4- diacetyl

phloroglucinol gene from

fluorescent pseudomonads and

its Bio - Control potential of

bacterial wilt pathogen

Ralstonia solanacearum

1Department of Botany,

Vivekananda College,

Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Botany St.

John College, Palayam Kottai,

Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu , 3Department of Microbial

Technology, School of

Biological Sciences, Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai -

625 021, Tamil Nadu, India

4Department of Immunology,

School of Biological Sciences,

Madurai Kamaraj University,

Madurai - 625 021.

* [email protected]

PP3 N.Savitha and P.

Indumathi

Optimisation and

characterization of β-

galactosidase using

kluyveromyces lactis isolated

from milksample

PG & Research Department of

Microbiology, Kanchi Shri

Krishna College of Arts

Science College, Kilambi -

631 551.

PP4 N. PadmaPriya and T.V.

Poonguzhali

Studies on antibacterial

potentials of microalgae

Oscillatoria lutea against

human pathogenic bacteria


Botany, Queen Mary’s

college, Ch - 4. India

Department of Botany,

Queen Mary’s college

Chennai- 600 004.

PP5 P.K.Nagalakshmi,

D.Sindamani and

M.Rathika

Studies on phytase-producing

bacterium, Bacillus subtilis

from various sources





631 551.

PP6 R.Sumathi, S.Devipriya

and D. Preethi

Antimicrobial activity of

Tabernaemontana divaricata

against ESBL producing

Escherichia coli





631 551.

PP7 J.Selvanathan* and

G.Learnal sudhakar

Fungal and bacterial

pathogens for biocontrol in

horticultural crops

PG Department of Zoology,

Pachaiyappa’s College for

men, Kanchipuram.631501.

[email protected]

PP8 T.Srinivasan and

C.Sharmila

Studies on antifungal activity

of Siderophores produced by

Rhizobium spp isolated from

Groundnut (Arachis

hypogaea)

PG & Research,Department of




631 551.

PP9 T. Murugan and

M.Murugan

Isolation of pharmaceutically

important biosurfactant from

halophilic bacterium

Centre for Biological Science,

Noorul Islam Centre for

Higher Education, Kumaracoil

– 629180, Tamil Nadu

PP10 H.Sorna kumari and

K.Ananthi

Isolation of low density

plastic degrading bacteria

from dumping sites of

kanchipuram district





631 551.

PP11 N.Kalaivani,

R.Dhanalakshmi and

V.Guruchandran

Bioelectricity generation from

microbial fuel cells


Sri Sankara Arts & Science

College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram

PP12 R.Pooja, S .Kowsalya and

P.Uthra

Biogas production from co-

digestion of Paddy waste an

anaerobic batch reactor


Sri Sankara Arts and Science

College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu,

India.

PP13 C.Deepa

A study on antibacterial

activity of hexane extract of

endophytic fungus Aspergillus

sp.ef.6



College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

PP14 M. Nivethika, S. Sujitha

Mary, G. Kavitha and S.

Balamurugan

CRISPR-CAS system:

bacterial adaptive immunity



College, Enathur,


India.

PP15 S.Radhika, S.Rajalakshmi

and R.Keerthana

Cytotoxicity and

Antimicrobial Activity using

Lactobacillus acidophilus as

Probiotics and Its Using Fish

Feed Preparation



College, Enathur,


India.

PP16 C. Maheswari, Sonali

Paikaray and Sweta

Kumari

Food adulteration Department of Biotechnology,


College, Enathur,


India.

PP17 S. Vinoth, S. Jeevandham

and S. Ragavan

Geobacter sulfurreducens as

microbial fuel cells



College, Enathur,


India.

PP18 S. Yasotha, P. Priyanka

and B.Chithra

Green synthesis of silver

nanoparticle using aqueous

extract of adenanthera

pavonina effect on micro

organism and mosquito, aedes

aetypti



College, Enathur,


India.

PP19 K.Riswanaand S.Gokila

Devi

Lipid profile remodeling in

response to

nitrogendeprivation ad

potassium limitation in the

microalgae Aulacoseira sp.



College, Enathur,


India.

PP20 N.Sharanya,C.Mounika

sharma,S.Harshini Teja

Antibacterial, antioxidant and

cytotoxicity of Aleovera peel

extract against lung cancer



College, Enathur,


India.

PP21 S. Valarmathi, D.

Kanimoyzhi, E. Divya and

G. Mythili

Production of bio plastic from

plant –based carbohydrade

source



College, Enathur,


India.

PP22 V. Gowri, A. Lakshmi

priya, M.priya, S.

Balamurugan and B.

Vikramkrishnan

RNA interference (RNAi) in

crop improvement



College, Enathur,


India.

PP23 G.Saravanan and

N.Dineshkumar

Cytoprotective and anti-

inflammatory effect of kernel

extract from

Adenantherapovinina on

lipopolysaccharide -stimulated

rat peritoneal macrophages.



College, Enathur,


India.

PP24 K.H.Pavithra and

R.Srivishnupriya

Cloning of α-amylase coding

gene in Bacillus subtilis and

its expression in E.coli



College, Enathur,


India.

PP25 G. Sandhiya Sri, G. Sasi

Devi, P. Pavithra and M.

Suganthi

Studies on antimicrobial and

anticancer activity of

Solanum trilobatum



College, Enathur,


India.

~~~~~×~~~~~

POSTER PRESEANTATION SESSION II

Chairperson: Dr. P. Anantharaman Time: 12:00 PM Date: 28.01.2016

Dr. B. Deivasigamani Hall: J3 and J4 Class rooms

Poster

No

Name of the Authors Title of the Paper Affiliation address

PP26 S. Pavithra, M. Sobiya, Y.

Sarumathi, S. Guru Prasad

& S. Kumaran*

Efficient clean up of textile

dye industrial effluent by

bacterial degradation


Microbiology,Sri Sankara Arts

and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP27 J. Shamrunisha, V.

Akshya, P. Uma

Mageshwari, K. Kavitha*

Biopesticides

Department of Microbiology,


College, Kanchipuram - 631

561

* [email protected]

PP28 S. Pavithra, J. kalaivani,

M. gomathi, P. Nivetha

and A. Baskaran*.

Outbreak of Swine flu


Microbiology, Sri Sankara

Arts and Science College,

Kanchipuram, India.

* [email protected]

PP29 H. Vinodini, M. Saranya,

N. Tamizharasi, S. Soorya

and A. Baskaran*

Treatments of Stem Cell

Therapy




Kanchipuram, India.

* [email protected]

PP30 R. Swathy, K. Indumathi,

R. Divya V. Aarthiya and

A. Baskaran*

Quorum sensing - a

prospective study




Kanchipuram, India.

* [email protected]

PP31 Abhirami M, Santhiyaa

R.V, Razeena A,

Priyanka M and S.

Kumaran*

Oil degrading bacteria from

oil-contaminated

soil and activity of their

enzyme


Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts

and Science College,

Kanchipuram - 631 561

* [email protected]

PP32 J.Selvakumar, D.

Dineshkumar, A.

Baskaran & S. Kumaran*

Contemporary state of

pesticide in human and animal

health system and control

measures




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP33 Suganya .G, Hemashri. D,

Suganya. J, Sairandhry

.K.M. & Kumaran .S*

Biocompatible of chitosan

nano particle loaded with

acyclovir for anti viral drug

delivery application




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP34 G. Dhivya Gandhi,

G. Priya, R. Muthupriya &

S. Guru Prasad *

Pathogen associated molecular

patterns (PAMPS)




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP35 R. Murugan, S. Anbu, M.

Vijayakanth & S. Guru

Prasad *

Molecular Mechanism of

Bacterial Meningitis




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP36 S.Nivesh narayanan,

S.Monash raj, A.Honest

raj, P.Raghu and

G. Suresh*

Safety assessment of

genetically modified

organisms (GMO) are not

existent



and Science College,


*[email protected]

PP37 U. Prakash, M.

Vijayalakshmi and

S. Guru Prasad*

Pharmacopoeia and

manufacturing practices for

pharmaceutical products




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP38 B. Pavithra, M. Divya,

R.Banumathi , S Manjari

and K. Kavitha*

Dental Biofilms

PG and Research Department

of Microbiology, Sri Sankara

Art’s and Science

College,Kanchipuram –

631561.

* [email protected]

PP39 Padmini.P, Ramya.D,

Sandhiya.R,

vijayalakshmi.M,

Ezhilarasi.T, Kotteswaran,

K, Praveen Kumar E and

S. Kumaran *

Biodegradation of low density

plastics by microorganisms

PG Research Department of



Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP40 D. Malathy , S.

Sabarinathan, V.

thangamani, R.

Ramkumar, U. Yuvaraj,

A. Baskaran &

S. Kumaran*

Biodiesel production and

microbial catalyst for

microalgal biotechnology




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP41 D. Bavatharani, K.

Perundevi, P. Sivaranjani

and E. Praveen Kumar*

To create awareness against

farmer suicides




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP42 B.Sivasankari and

G.Suresh*

Fabrication of collagen

scaffolds impregnated with

silver nanoparticles

synthesized by Delphinium

denudatum suitable for

unhealing chronic wound

therapy




Kanchipuram.

* [email protected]

PP43 R. Thirumoorthi, V.

Logesh and

K. Selvendiran*

Green plastics - An effort to

save our environment




Kanchipuram.

*[email protected]

~~~~~×~~~~~


Vol 5, Issue 2, Page 12-16, December 2015

ISSN: 2231-136X

ABSTRACTS – PLENARY LECTURE

2nd

National Conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology

SANMICROFEST 2016

Plenary Lecture I - Studies on HIV infections and development of novel anti

HIV drug.

Manickan Elanchezhiyan

Department of Microbiology, University of Madras, Taramani campus, Chennai-600113.

Abstract

HIV infections are ubiquitous and HIV/AIDS is a complete collapse of immune system. After

the entry the virus finds its way to attach on to CD+ T cells inspite of existing competant immune

system. HIV infection categorically disarm the immune system which include disarmament of cells

of innate immunity and adaptive immunity. There is no drug available so far to completely cure

HIV/AIDS. HAART is the only drug preparation offered currently to HIV victims by clinicians.

HAART efficiently eliminate all the circulating HIV and help the patients to virus free as long as

they take medication. In our study we found that HAART not only eliminate free virus but also

recover the immune system. Perhaps HAART recuperate several arms of immune system.Medicine

from the nature has been found to be successful against several viral diseases. C. sinensis also

popularly known as green tea has been shown to be having several antimicrobial activities. In our

study we found that it has good anti HIV ability.

Plenary Lecture II – An overview progress and bio control potential of rice

rhizosphere Pseudomonas sp. against sheath blight of rice

Vellasamy Shanmugaiah

Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University,

Madurai.

Abstract

A total of 671 different isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the

rhizosphere soils samples collected from the farmers’ fields in seven southern districts of Tamil

Nadu, India.Among them 87, showed inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia solani with the zone of

inhibition ranged from 0.5 cm to 2.8 cm. The isolate MML2212 also effectively inhibited the

mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium

oxysporum, Fusarium udum and Macrophomina phaseolina. The isolate MML2212 was identified

as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequence analyses.. P.

aeruginosa MML2212 grew well in King’s Bbroth (KBB) and with the log phase until 32 h at pH 7

and 30°C.P. aeruginosa MML2212 significantly increased the seed germination and other growth

parameters in rice and green gram.P. aeruginosa MML2212 produced 37 g/ml of IAA, when

13 Bhamathi Microbiology News Letter Vol-5, Issue 2, December 2015 ISSN: 2231-136X

grown in KBB and the production was enhanced to 48 g/ml by the addition of 0.3% L-tryptophan

at pH 8.0.Talc formulation of P. aeruginosa MML2212 was developed and it can be stored up to 4

months with adequate population.Application of talc formulation of P. aeruginosa MMl2212

induced the defence related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia

lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and also increased the phenol content in greenhouse

grown rice. Further, application of P. aeruginosa MML2212 as seed treatment + root dipping + soil

application + foliar spray significantly reduced the sheath blight (ShB) incidence and enhanced the

yield parameters and grain yield in rice under greenhouse conditions.Similarly the above treatment

significantly reduced the ShB incidence and enhanced the yield parameter and grain yield in rice

under field conditions compared to foliar spray of carbendazim and untreated control.P. aeruginosa

MML2212 produced siderophores and HCN but it did not produce the antifungal metabolites such

as 2,4 diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin which was confirmed by PCR

amplification with specific primers. The culture filtrate of P. aeruginosa MML2212 inhibited

remarkably the mycelial growth of R. solani and prominent inhibition zone was observed with 32 h

old culture filtrate.The fractionation of the concentrated ethyl acetate extract of 32 h old culture

filtrate of P. aeruginosa MML2212 through 60 - 120 mesh silica gel column yielded a mixture of

partially purified fraction with three distinct compounds. Further, a single compound with the Rf

value of 0.54 (hexane: ethyl acetate at 3:2 ratio used as mobile phase for TLC) was purified and

crystallized.It is yellow crystal and odourless with the melting point between 220o and 222

oC. It is

freely soluble in ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide and also soluble in

water.The pure compound exhibited max at 256 nm and 366 nm and had amide carbonyl and

aromatic stretching frequencies as determined by IR spectral analysis. The mass spectrum revealed

that the molecular weight of the compound may be 223.3. The 1H NMR and C

13 NMR spectral

analyses indicated that the compound is having carbonyl carbon of the amide group and aromatic in

nature.The structural elucidation revealed that the pure compound of P. aeriginosa MML2212 is

phenazine-1-carboxamide with the calculated molecular weight of 223.3 and an empirical formula

of C13H9N3O. This is the first report on the crystal structure of phenazine-1-caboxamide (PCN) and

hence, been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre and allocated the deposition

number CCDC 617344.The minimum inhibitory concentration of PCN is determined as 5 g/ml

against R. solani. It significantly inhibited the mycelial growth, sclerotial and conidial germination

of all the tested plant pathogens.Application of talc formulation of P. aeruginosa MML2212 as

seed treatment + root dipping + soil application + foliar spray significantly reduced the sheath

blight incidence and enhanced the yield parameters including grain yield in rice compared to foliar

spray of PCN, carbendazim control under greenhouse conditions. However, foliar spray of PCN

was significantly effective than the commercial fungicide, carbendazim in controlling ShB disease

of rice.

Plenary Lecture III – Dental Microbiology

Balaraman Gajapathi

Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sri Venkateswara Dental College &

Hospital, Chennai.

Abstract

Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using

his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral

microbiological investigation, dental microbiology has gone through phases of “reductionism” and


“holism”. From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists

followed Koch’s postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral

microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modern era when oral researchers

embrace “holism” or “system thinking”, adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction,

microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has

burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the

interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed

our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and

periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new

therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

Plenary Lecture IV – Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and their

virulence in human diseases

Natesan Balasubramanian

Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield group A streptococcus; GAS) is a major human pathogen

that can colonize the throat or skin and are responsible for a wide variety of diseases ranging from

superficial infections to life-threatening diseases. S. pyogenes are responsible for both suppurative

and non-suppurative diseases, e.g. pharyngitis, erysipelas, septicaemia, meningitis, pneumonia and

the notably severe manifestations necrotising fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

(STSS). Suppurative infections and also post-infection sequelae, e.g. acute rheumatic fever,

rheumatic heart disease and glomerulonephritis, result in substantial human morbidity. The global

burden of invasive S. pyogenes disease is estimated to be high, with at least 663,000 new cases and

163,000 deaths worldwide each year. The burden of morbidity and mortality associated with

infectious diseases falls most heavily on people in developing countries, and particularly on infants

and children. Pathogenic bacteria have been shown to employ various mechanisms to fine-tune

expression of virulence factors in response to growth conditions and stresses encountered in

different niches and stages of infection. Screening of superantigens and virulence genes expression

among isolates of S. pyogenes of different clinical origins such as asymptomatic oropharyngeal

colonization, skin and soft-tissue infections, tonsillitis and invasive infections isolates were studied.

In this present study, streptococcus infection potential and there virulence factors will be discussed.

Plenary Lecture V – Universal Work Precautions

Ramalingam Sekar

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Govt. Theni Medical College, Theni

Abstract

Universal precautions or Standard precautions refers to the safe or good practices applied

universally, in the branch of medicine to avoid the contact with patients' bodily fluids, by means of

wearing Personal Protective Equipment’s. It may also called "Good Clinical Laboratory Practices"

(GCLP) or "Laboratory Biosafety Precautions". The practice was introduced in 1987 by Center for

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in response to the risk of transmission of HIV to health care

workers.


Among the 35 million health workers worldwide, about 3 million experience percutaneous

exposures to blood borne pathogens each year; two million of those to HBV, 0.9 million to HCV

and 170 000 to HIV. These injuries may result in 15 000 HCV, 70 000 HBV and 1 000 HIV

infections. Further, more than 90% of these infections occur in developing countries.

Occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens may occur because of percutaneous injury

(needle-stick or other sharps injury), mucocutaneous injury (splash of blood or other body fluids

into the eyes, nose or mouth) or blood contact with non-intact skin. The most common form of

occupational exposure to blood, and the most likely to result in infection, is needle-stick injury.

The most common causes of needle-stick injury are two-handed recapping and the unsafe collection

and disposal of sharp waste.

Universal Precautions includes,

Hand washing after any direct contact with patients

Preventing two-handed recapping of needles

Safe collection and disposal of needles (hypodermic and suture) and sharps (scalpel blades,

lancets, razors, scissors), with required puncture- and liquid- proof safety boxes

Wearing gloves for contact with body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes

Wearing a mask, eye protection and a gown (and sometimes a plastic apron) if blood or

other body fluids might splash

Covering all cuts and abrasions with a waterproof dressing

Promptly and carefully cleaning up spills of blood and other body fluids

Using a safe system for health care waste management and disposal

Hepatitis B Immunization and Post Exposure Prophylaxis

Know emergency responses

Plenary Lecture VI – Structural and functional studies on surface proteins of

Gram-positive bacteria

Ponnuraj Karthe

Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai

Abstract Many gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Enterococci express multiple

surface proteins (adhesins) and these can specifically adhere to host extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins

such as collagen, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin. Microbial adhesion to host tissue is the

initial critical event in the pathogenesis of most infections.

The bacterial infection can often be treated successfully with antibiotics. Many bacterial species,

however, are developing resistance to multiple types of antibiotics. This makes a search for novel means of

fighting bacterial infections imperative and one such strategy is anti-adhesion therapy.

Although studies on analysizing the interaction between Gram-positive surface adhesins and ECM

proteins were started nearly 25 years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction were

unknown. In 2003, two adherence mechanisms known as “dock, lock and latch” and “-zipper” were

discovered which provided the first glimpses of the intimate relationship between the Gram-positive

adhesins and host molecules. In many Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, however, there are number of

ECM binding surface adhesins and secreted proteins that neither follow “dock, lock and latch” mechanism

nor “-zipper” mechanism for binding to their ligands such as fibrinogen, collagen and fibronectin. This

clearly suggests that the adhesins adopt different adherence mechanisms for binding to the same ligand.

Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate all the adherence mechanisms.

My lab is working on the structural and functional studies on adhesins of some Gram-positive bacteria

such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The results

from these studies will be presented.


Plenary Lecture VII – Marine therapeutics: A panacea for a plethora of

pathologies

Somasundaram T Somasundaram

Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Science, Annamalai University, Parangipettai

Oceans cover almost 70% of earth’s surface and harbor more than 3,00,000 species of flora and fauna.

Marine organisms, which thrive in such complex and highly competitive habitats, have evolved to synthesize

unique defence molecules with potent activities. The exceptional chemical diversity offers an unlimited

source of biologically active compounds. Manifold chemical entities like proteins, lipids, polysaccharides,

vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, acid amines, etc., with various biomedical properties have been found to

occur in the marine environment. They have been found to possess several activities like antioxidant,

antiallergic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, etc. In spite of their vast potential,

marine organisms are the least explored source of pharmaceuticals. However, during the last few decades,

several novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine sources like microorganisms, mollusks,

echinoderms, tunicates, algae, corals, sponges and fishes. Currently, there are seven FDA approved marine

derived drugs in the marine pharmaceutical pipeline and more than 25 marine compounds in different phases

of clinical pipeline. Furthermore, several hundreds of marine derived compounds are in preclinical trials.

The potentiality of marine compounds has increased the impetus of ongoing investigations and marine

environment is considered as a huge source of structurally unique biomolecules for the development of

novel pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

~~~~~×~~~~~


Vol 5, Issue 2, Page 17-40, December 2015

ISSN: 2231-136X

ABSTRACTS – POSTER PRESEANTATION

2nd

National conference on Frontiers in Translational Microbiology

SANMICROFEST 2016

PP1 - Biodiversity and Bio-prospecting of Marine Fungi

M. Kalaiselvam

CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608

502.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Marine fungi are a large group of eukaryotic organisms. The marine fungi occur not only in

water and sediment, but also as parasites on plants and animals as well as symbionts in marine

lichens, plants and algae. A rich pool of fungal species is yet to be discovered and investigated over

the coming years. About 150 species are found exclusively on decaying mangrove wood, aerial

roots and seedlings, and are categorised as “Manglicolous fungi”; most of the species belong to the

class of Ascomycetes. The fungi in mangroves play a significant role in litter decomposition and

nutrient cycling, thereby contributing to the fertility of the environment. Fungal endophytes are

microfungi, they colonize the internal tissues of vascular plants without producing any apparent

disease symptoms and considered as an important component of biodiversity. The environmental

and biological factors controlling the distribution of marine fungi, and there comes the availability

of substrates or hosts, salinity, hydrostatic pressure, temperature and availability of oxygen. The

adaptation of marine fungi in the extreme environment and suggest that they are promising sources

for screening natural products. Fungi are not only beautiful but play a significant role in the daily

life of human beings besides their utilization in industry, agriculture, medicine, food industry,

textiles, bioremediation, biodegradation, natural cycle, biofertilizers and in many other ways. With

modern molecular genetic tools, fungi have been used as “cell factories” for heterologous protein

production and human proteins.

Keywords: Marine fungi, diversity, adaptation, environment and bio-prospecting.

PP2 - Detection of 2,4- diacetyl phloroglucinol gene from fluorescent

pseudomonads and its Bio - Control potential of bacterial wilt pathogen

Ralstonia solanacearum Pauldurai Samraj

1&2, Samraj. A

3, Nithya Karmegham

4, Balasubramaninan Natesan

1,

Manoharan, P.T1*

and Shanmugaiah Vellasamy3

1Department of Botany, Vivekananda College, Tiruvedagam west, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

2Department of Botany S. T. John , S College, Palayam Kottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu , India.

3Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj

University, Madurai - 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India 4Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai

- 625 021.

Abstract

A total of 87 FPs were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) rhizosphere and they

have been tested towards Ralstonia solanacearum by dual plate assay method. Off which 30


FPs showed anatagonistic activity against R. solanacearum with different level of zone of

inhibition (ZOI) 5mm to 28mm compared to control. All 30 anatagonistic FPs were tested towards

fungal phytopathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium

oxysporum and Scleotium rolffsi. All antagonistic FPs were tested for the production of lytic

enzymes such as Chitinase (22), cellulase (28), protease (30), gelatinase (27), amylase (6) and

secondary metabolites such as siderophore (27), hydrogen cyanide (25), phosphate solubilization

(30) and Indole acetic acid (2). Genetic diversity of FPs was assessed by BOX-PCR with specific

primers through which we could find two different group of FPs. Ten FPs were showed the

presence of 629 bp of 2,4- diacetyl phloroglucinol (DAPG) gene which has been demonstrated via

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gene specific primer B2BF(5’-

ACCCACCGCAGCATCGTTTATGAGC-3’),BPR4(5’CCGGTATGGAAGATGAAAAAGTC-

3’). DAPG production were confirmed through analytic technique thin layer chromatography

(TLC) with Rf value 0.34 compared with that of authentic (DAPG). The crude metabolites showed

significant control against R. solanacearum, phytofungal pathogens and human pathogens

compared to control.

Keywords: Fluorescent pseudomonads, DAPG, PCR and Tomato Bacterial wilt.

PP3 - Optimisation and characterization of β-galactosidase using Kluyveromyces

lactis isolated from milksample

N.Savitha and P. Indumathi

PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Kanchi Shri Krishna College of Arts Science

College, Kilambi - 631 551.

Abstract

Enzymes play an important role in all biological activities... Among the enzymes, hydrolyses

are receiving increasing application. Especially β-galactosidase galactohydrolase which catalyses

the hydrolysis of lactose into galactose and glucose. The enzyme beta – galatosidase has two main

biotechnological applications in milk and dairy products. The removal of lactose from milk for

lactose – intolerant people and the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are used in

probiotic food.

Lactose utilizing yeasts such as Kluyveromyces marxianus are important sources for the β-

D-galactosidse production hence used for production of lactose hydrolysed milk and other low,

lactose dairy products to meet the dietary requirements of lactose intolerant people. Because this

organism offers the opportunity to examine the molecular details of gene regulation in a eukaryote,

studies are carried out to find the mechanism by which lactose induces 6-galactosidasein K. lactis.

The yeast is identified on the basis of morphological and physiological, biochemical characteristics.

The highest lactose positive activity strains were selected fro production, partial purification and

characterization of beta- galactosidase. The beta- galactosidase activity was assessed using ortho-

Nitro – Phenyl – beta- D- Galactopyranoside (ONPG). The production and optimization of β –

galactosidase enzyme using synthetic medium by Kluyveromyces lactis NRRLY – 8279 in shake

flask cultures was studied. The importance of this enzyme was enhanced by its

galactosyltransferase activity, which is responsible for synthesis of oligosaccharides that act as

prebiotics, with several beneficial effects on consumers.

In the present study, the yeast strains were isolated by using YNB medium. The isolated

strain were stained with Lactophenol cotton blue and sugar assimilation test used in utilizing for

sugar. To study the optimum temperature for enzyme production, modified study was carried out.

It was observed on peak activity for enzyme production and was observed between 40 hours. The

enzyme activity was determined by ONPG, which showed that the enzyme activity was increased

and measured for every 50 minutes. These findings explored that these yeasts strains having high


β-galactosidase activity as more efficient bioactive agents. The eluted fraction was separated by

SDS-PAGE. Each and every stages of β-galactosidase activity was analyzed by ONPG assay and

the protein were determined by Lowry’s et al., method.

keywords: β-D-galactosidse, Kluyveromyces lactis, ONPG.

PP4 - Studies on antibacterial potentials of microalgae Oscillatoria lutea

against human pathogenic bacteria

N. PadmaPriya and T.V. Poonguzhali

PG & Research Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s college, Ch - 4. India

Abstract

Oscillatoria lutea is a blue green thylakoids coiled usually irregular throughout the cells. In

the present study O. lutea was collected from fresh water lakes in and around Chennai, BG-11

culture media was used for cultivation under suitable lab conditions. Organic solvents used for

extraction was cold ethanol, cold petroleum ether and cold ammonia solution. The present study

aims to test its effectiveness against four strains of bacteria. Two gram (+)ve bacteria namely E.

coli, K. pneumoniae and two gram (-)ve bacteria namely S. aureus, S. pyogenes by well diffusion

method. Results showed the sensitivity in all bacteria. In cold ethanol extract, K. pneumonia and E.

coli showed zone of inhibition with 17 and 20mm. In cold petroleum ether extract K.pneumoniae,

E. coli showed zone of inhibition with rate of 15 and 24mm while in cold ammonia solution extract

S. aureus showed inhibition of 19mm respectively.

Keywords: Blue green, algal extracts, antimicrobial assay, well diffusion.

PP5 -Studies on phytase-producing bacterium, Bacillus subtilis from various

sources P.K.Nagalakshmi, D.Sindamani and M.Rathika



Abstract

Phytase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid. It is a class of phosphatase

enzyme and in use as a major animal feed supplement. In this study the effect of culture conditions

for the maximum production of phytase was assessed from a phytase producing bacteria which is

screened and isolated from rhizosphere soil, cattle shed soil and s poultry faecal soil.It was found

that among 12 isolates, three isolates were able to hydrolyze sodium phytate. Among those three

isolates Bacillus subtilis had very high phytate degrading activity. Batch production studies were

carried out by varying carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources and varying physical condition of

temperature and pH. Wheat bran, yeast extract, potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 6.0 was

identified as the better carbon, nitrogen and phosphate source respectively .The enzyme was stable

with CaCl2 at temperature 40-50ºC and pH 6 -7.The phytase enzyme was partially purified by

ammonium sulphate precipitation at 50% saturation resulting in a yield of 48%.The results show

that the maximum production of phytase is from Bacillus subtilis using Wheat bran, yeast extract,

potassium dihydrogen phosphate as better carbon, nitrogen and phosphate source respectively.

Keywords: Phytase, wheat bran, Bacillus subtilis.


PP6 -Antimicrobial activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata against ESBL

producing Escherichia coli

R.Sumathi, S.Devipriya and D. Preethi



Abstract

Nature is a place for many plants with different medicinal properties. Plant derived natural products

are generally bioactive secondary with better potential to treat different diseases. Tabernaemontana

divaricata is a medicinal shrub belonging to family Apocynaceae. The present study was mainly

focused on the antibacterial activity of the leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Different leaf

extracts (Acetone, Butanol, Chloroform and Ethanol) were tested against the clnical isolate of

ESBL producing Escherichia coli by Agar Well Diffusion Assay. All the extracts showed

reasonable zone of inhibition against the test organism. The zone of inhibition for Acetone extract

is 10 mm, Butanol extract is 12 mm, Chloroform extract is 13 mm and Ethanol extract is 16 mm.

Among the four ethanolic leaf extract was found to be very effective as it shows maximum zone of

inhibition against the ESBL producing Escherichia coli.

Keywords: Tabernaemontana divaricata, Ethanolic leaf extract, ESBL producing Escherichia coli.

PP7 - Fungal and bacterial pathogens for biocontrol in horticultural crops

J. Selvanathan* and G. Learnal sudhakar

PG Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for men, Kanchipuram.631501.


Abstract

Entomopathogens are one of the regulatory factors of insect population under natural

conditions. The control of insect pest by using entomopathogens unique ,in that naturally

occurring hostpathogenes relations are manipulated to the benefit of man, for protecting crop

and for controlling insect vectors of disease. Microbial control agent are presently sorted as

alternatives to broad –spectrum chemical insecticides taking into account many advantages

they create such reduction of pesticide residues in food and increased biodiversity in managed

ecosystems. Success in identifying microbial agents as components of pest management

strategy of horticultural crops is dependent on many problems necessitating extensive

research. The paper describes in details of the microbial agent utilized as biocontrol

agents(fungi and bacteria) and the procedure involved to identify them as potential components

of insect pest management strategy in horticultural crops.


PP8 - Studies on antifungal activity of Siderophores produced by Rhizobium spp

isolated from Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

T. Srinivasan and C. Sharmila



Abstract

Iron is an essential to the majority of microorganisms. It is an important growth factor in many

cellular processes and enzymes. Many of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have ability

to produce the siderophores, which helps in both plant growth promotion and disease resistance,

among this the Rhizobium spp have more capable of producing siderophores under iron limiting

conditions. In the present study Rhizobium spp were isolated from root nodules of groundnut and

characterized morphologically, the isolates were grown under iron limiting conditions for the

production of siderophore. The siderophore were extracted, purified and characterized. Siderophore

produced by the isolates are dihydroxymate type and they showed anti fungal activity on charcoal

rot disease caused by Aspergillus spp.

Keywords: Siderophore, Rhizobium, PGPR and Antifungal activity.

PP9 - Isolation of pharmaceutically important biosurfactant from halophilic

bacterium

T. Murugan and M. Murugan

Centre for Biological Science, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180,

Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface active metabolic chemical compounds produced by variety of

microorganisms. Which are amphiphilic in nature, reduce the surface tension in both aqueous and

hydrocarbon mixtures and extensively used for industrial, agricultural, food, cosmetic and

pharmaceutical applications. Among the microbial surfactant, bacterial biosurfactant has more

significance. Biosurfactant producing halophilic bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas species

were isolated from soil collected from seashore area. The biosurfactant activities of the Bacteria

were confirmed by oil spreading techniques, drop collapse method and haemolytic activity. These

bacteria have capable producing good quantity of biosurfactant in liquid medium supplemented

with hydrocarbon oil as a carbon source.

Keywords: Biosurfactant, pharmaceutical applications, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.


PP10 - Isolation of low density plastic degrading bacteria from dumping sites of

kanchipuram district

H. Sorna Kumari and K. Ananthi



Abstract

Different soil samples were collected from the garbage dumped regions of Kanchipuram

district. Bacterial enumeration and isolation were performed. General grade polyethylene

employed for commercial grocery carriage purpose was used to investigate its biodegradability

nature. The isolates were individually inoculated in nutrient broth along with 0.2 g of polyethylene.

Controls were maintained. Both the preweight and the dry weight after the treatment with isolates

were calculated. Comparative analysis was done for all the isolates and the best degraded isolate

was identified and the isolate was allowed to develop biofilm. Degrading capacity of polyethylene

by biofilm was determined and further studies have to be done to determine its efficiency.

Keywords: polyethylene, biofilm

PP11 - Bioelectricity generation from microbial fuel cells

N. Kalaivani, R. Dhanalakshmi and V. Guruchandran

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts & Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram

Abstract

The present study establishes the usage of cow dung as the organic fuel and its bacteria as

biocatalyst in the anode chamber along with sewage water as catholyte for the production of

bioelectricity in the fabricated MFCs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using the

microorganism of mixed bacterial culture for current generation, in a five different industry waste

water effluents in this mixed waste water and sugar molasses waste water under agitated condition

generate more electricity (3V) when compare to others .Cost reduction and increased yield are

central to successful commercial employment of MFC. If power generation in these systems can be

increased, MFC technology may provide a new method to offset wastewater treatment plant

operating cost, making wastewater treatment more affordable for developing and developed

nations. Thus, the combination of wastewater treatment along with electricity production may help

in saving money as a cost of wastewater treatment at present.

Keywords: Bioelectricity, Microbial fuel cell and cow dung


PP12 -Biogas production from co-digestion of Paddy waste an anaerobic batch

reactor

R. Pooja, S. Kowsalya and P. Uthra

Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram,

Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of paddy waste with Clostridium cellobioparum and Ruminococcus

albus for biogas production was carried out in the batch scale (500 ml serum bottle) under

anaerobic condition at ambient temperature (at various mixing ratios of substrate). The

experimental data showed a maximum gas output of 1140 ml of gas production at (1:2) ratio of

paddy and cow dung obtained at period of 17 days. The CH4 content was 75%, CO2 content was

16% and CO content was 9%. The biogas production was measured by liquid displacement system

on daily basis. The digested slurry can be used as a fertilizer for agricultural purpose.

Keywords: Biomethanation, Co-digestion, Methane and Paddy waste

PP13 - A study on antibacterial activity of hexane extract of endophytic fungus

Aspergillus sp.ef.6

C. Deepa


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Endophytic fungi were isolated from three sites of palar basins. The collection of plant samples

were based on green cover density, accessibility and diversity of plants. Totally 72 plants were

collected were arbitrarily named as PS1-PS72 and were identified using taxonomically and total 26

plant samples were identified. 30 endophytic fungi were isolated EF!-EF30. Endophytes were

grown in PDA media and the metabolites were extracts using ethyl acetate and Antibacterial

activity were carried out against gram positive Bacillus sp., gram negative E.coli., Pseudomonas,

Klebsiella, Vibrio. The EF6 was showed best activity and identified as Aspergillus sp. The hexane

extract of Aspergillus sp. showed of antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative.

The hexane extract was multi wavelength scanning (190-900mm) by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

maximum was seen at 211nm. The extract was analyzed using HPLC showed 2 different

compounds.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Endophytic fungi, Ethyl acetate and HPLC


PP14-CRISPR-Cas system: bacterial adaptive immunity

M. Nivethika, S. Sujitha Mary, G. Kavitha and S. Balamurugan


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

CRISPR – Cas system (Cluster Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- CRISPR-

Associated protein) adaptive immunity in prokaryotes provides protection against invading Mobile

Genetic Elements (MGEs) by integrating the invader-derived sequence in the CRISPR –Cas system

is the defense against a MGEs by the regulation of endogenous gene expression that control group

behavior and virulence, DNA repair, and genome evolution. The major mechanistic difference

between the variants of the system by the general mode of action of all three types of CRISPR-Cas

system involves three distinct stages- adaptation, expression and interference. They are classified

into three main CRISPR-Cas types and eleven substage. The recent studies that have provided

insights from potential implication when compared with evolutionary perspectives. Understanding

the role of CRISPR-Cas in these processes will improve our understanding of the evolution and

maintenance of CRISPR–Cas system in prokaryotic genomes.

Keywords: CRISPR- Cas, Bacterial immunity, Mobile genetic elements and Transposons.

PP15 - Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity using lactobacillus acidophilus as

probiotics and its using fish feed preparation

S. Radhika, S. Rajalakshmi and R. Keerthana


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

The beneficial micro flora found in gastrointestinal tract was termed probiotics. Probiotics

literally meaning “for life”, are microorganism proven to exert health-promoting influences in

human and animals. Most probiotics are bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L.

lactis, L. plantarum are commonly used single bacterial strain or it may be consortium. Probiotics

can be in powder form, liquid form, gel, paste, granules or available in the form of capsules,

sachets, etc. In this present study documents the Lactobacillus acidophilus antibacterial activities

and MTT assay against cancer cell line and also fish feed preparation with L. acidophilus to

measure weight and length of fish in different concentration. Antioxidant activity was found to

maximum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fish feed with Lactobacillus acidophilus showed

more resistant to the pathogens.

Keywords: Cancer cell line, fish, L. acidophilus, pathogenic organism and MTT assay


PP16 - Food adulteration

C. Maheswari, Sonali Paikaray and Sweta Kumari


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract In a country where official systems set for food safety and prevention are constantly outdone by

a booming adulteration business, the onus of safeguarding one's family against contaminated food,

unfortunately falls on citizens themselves. From loose packed ground spices, to wet products such

as milk, khoya, paneer, to dry spices and grains, almost everything you can buy has a potential of

being adulterated, if purchased from an unauthorized vendor in a box unmarked and tested by either

Agmark or ISI /fssai. While some of these could be less harmful, such as water or bran, chemicals

and coloring agents such as Metanil Yellow, Lead Chromate, Sudan Red III, are known to be

carcinogenic. An adulterant is a chemical substance which should not be contained within other

substances (e.g. food, beverages, and fuels) for legal or other reasons. The addition of adulterants is

called adulteration. Food is adulterated to increase the quantity and make more profit. Example-

Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee, Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour, Papaya

seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper, Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder,

wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Hence, there is need to provide

awareness about these unhealthy practices for better and healthier life. And provide some quick

tricks to detect these adulterated food products which we use in our daily lives without thinking

about adulterations.

Keywords: Food adulteration, Agmark or ISI and FSSAI.

PP17 - Geobacter sulfurreducens as microbial fuel cells

S. Vinoth, S. Jeevandham and S. Ragavan


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Recently, great attentions have been paid to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to their mild

operating conditions and using variety of biodegradable substrates as fuel. Microorganisms actively

catabolize substrate, and bioelectricities are generated. MFCs could be utilized as power generator

in small devices such as biosensor. Anode, cathode and membrane have been reviewed and to

overcome the practical challenges in this field some practical options have been suggested.

Members of the Geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration

and harnesses the power of respiring microbes to convert organic substrates directly into electrical

energy. Studies have suggested that members of the Geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron

acceptors for anaerobic respiration. One of the most studied bioenergy applications of Geobacter

species is their ability to oxidize organic compounds with electron transfer to electrodes.

Geobacter species were the first microorganisms found to derive energy to support growth from

organic matter oxidation with an electrode serving as the sole electron acceptor and can produce the

highest current densities of any pure culture. Geobacter species are often the microorganisms most

highly enriched on electrodes harvesting electricity from a diversity of environments. Geobacter

sulfurreducens has become the organism of choice for studying the mechanisms for direct electron


transfer from microbial biofilms to electrodes. Recent studies have demonstrated that it produces

highly conductive biofilms that promote electron transfer to the electrode and releases the c-type

cytochrome, OmcZ, which accumulates at the biofilm-electrode interface to promote electron

transfer to the electrode. Some Geobacter species are capable of electro-synthesis, using electrons

derived from electrodes to reduce carbon dioxide to fuels or other useful organic compounds.

Keywords: Microbial fuel cell, Biosensor, Biocatalyst, Anaerobic anode, Bioelectricity

PP18 - Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using aqueous extract of

Adenanthera pavonina effect on micro organism and mosquito, Aedes aetypti

S. Yasotha, P. Priyanka and B. Chithra


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing technology, which has a potential medical applications on

pharmaceuticals and medicine. It concern with the development of experimental process for the

synthesis of nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes and controlled disparity. It involves various

physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis. But the main problem with these

methods is the production of toxic byproducts, shows that are not environmentally safe. Thus there

is a growing need for “green chemistry” that includes a clean, nontoxic and environmentally

friendly methods of nanoparticles synthesis. Silver nanoparticles play a significant role in the field

of biology and medicine. There is a growing need to develop clean nontoxic and environmentally

friendly materials. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants, bacteria, fungi and yeast are

known to reduce silver ions into silver nanoparticles by both extra and intra cellular processes.

Plant extracts are suitably scaled up for large scale biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles in a

controlled manner according to their size, shape and sensitivity. Vector mosquitoes are capable of

transmitting potential pathogens to human beings and they are responsible for several infectious

diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya.

Rapid increase in human population, allocation of limited funds for mosquito control program and

lack of awareness among people together with environmental change and adaptability of vector

mosquitoes resulted in mosquito-transmitted diseases. Thus the effort toward mosquito control

continues to be an important strategy in preventing the mosquito-borne diseases.

For the first time green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of A.pavonina

was attempted .The physical property of synthesis nanoparticles was characterized using relevant

techniques. Further we demonstrated the possible application of this green synthesized silver

nanoparticle in medical filed as It shows antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria as

well as its anti-mosquito activity against dengue vector A.aegypti. The data of represented in our

study contributes to a novel and unexplored area of nano-materials as an alternative medicine for

future.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Adenanthera pavonina and Aedes aegypti


PP19 - Lipid profile remodeling in response to nitrogendeprivation ad

potassium limitation in the microalgae Aulacoseira sp.

K. Riswanaand S. Gokila Devi


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract Many species of microalgae produce triacylglycerides (TAGs), the key product for biodiesel

production, in response to specific environmental stresses TAG production was improved by

microalgae. Some studies showed micro algal lipid metabolism in relation to stress response in

particular the deprivation of nutrients that can induce enhanced TAG synthesis. In this study, a

detailed investigation of changes in lipid composition in Aulacoseiraspin response to nitrogen

deprivation (N-deprivation) and Potassium was performed to provide novel mechanistic insights

into the lipid accumulation during stress. The result showed increase in TAGs in polar lipids was

observed in N depravation, whereas potassium showed less lipid accumulation. The LC/MS

analysis showed the Fatty acid profiles showed N-deprivation largely modified. This study provides

the most detailed information on Aulacoseira sp. microalgae lipid production in stress.

Keywords: Aulacoseirasp, N-deprivation, Lipid Production and LC/MS

PP20 - Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity of Aloe vera peel extract

against lung cancer

N. Sharanya, C. Mounika sharma, S. Harshini Teja


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract Lung cancer, most common type of human cancer occurs worldwide, with highest rates in

Europe & North America. Despite rapid advances in diagnostic & operative techniques, lung cancer

remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat. Recently multiple new

chemotherapeutic agents have been developed & some are in clinical trials. In this present study

shows the effects phytochemical (flavonoids) of aloe vera peel. Aqueous and methanol extracts

were tested for antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assay against lung cancer

cell line-A549#12. Aqueous extract shows maximum zone of inhibition of the aqueous extract.

Where cytotoxicity activity against cancer shows the 75% of aqueous extract inhibit more cells.

The extracts were characterized using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cancer cell line-A549#12, MTT assay, Pathogenic

organisms


PP21 - Production of bio plastic from plant-based carbohydrate source

S. Valarmathi, D. Kanimoyzhi, E. Divya and G. Mythili


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract Bioplastics are a form of plastic derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable oil,

fats, corn starch, pea starch are microbiota. Bioplastic, which are designed to biodegrade can break

down in either anaerobic or aerobic environments. There variety of bio plastics being made, they

can be composed of starches, cellulose are bio polymers. Starch is an inexpensive, annually

renewable material derived from corn and other crops. Starch based coordination polymers are

known to be completely degradable in soil and water and can promote the degradation of non-bio

degradable material when blended or modified. Starch is the promising raw material because of its

annual availability from many plants. Because of the environmental pollution problem caused by

using synthetic polymers based on petro chemicals, the development of environment friendly

polymeric material has attracted excessive interest. The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates

(PHAs) which is a bio degradable plastics produced by some bacteria such as Alcaligenes lactus ,

Ralstonia eutropha and some of the recombinant E.coli. Bio plastic pose several advantages over

traditional petroleum-based plastics such as decreasing producing of Co2, green house gas as well

as reducing costs and dependence on imported petroleum. Bio polymer films were prepared from

all the starch using plasticizers. Glycerol is used as plasticizers. Hence, this conclusively

demonstrates that the starch can be the promising source of bio plastics in future. Some species of

bacteria also involved in the production of bioplastics.

Keywords: Bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates, Alcaligenes lactus, Ralstonia eutropha

PP22 - RNA interference (RNAi) in crop improvement

V. Gowri, A. Lakshmi priya, M.priya, S. Balamurugan and B. Vikramkrishnan


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) is involved in sequence-specific gene regulation

driven by the introduction of dsRNA resulting in inhibition of transcriptional repression. Since the

discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense

potential in opening a new vista for crop improvement has emerged. RNAi technology is precise,

efficient, and stable. It is better than antisense technology. It has been employed successfully to

alter the gene expression in plants for better quality traits. The impact of RNAi to improve the crop

plants has proved to be a novel approach in combating the biotic and abiotic stresses and the

nutritional improvement in terms of bio-fortification and bio-elimination. It has been employed

successfully to bring about modifications of several desired traits in different plants. These modifi-

cations include nutritional improvements, reduced content of food allergens and toxic compounds,

enhanced defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, alteration in morphology, crafting male

sterility, enhanced secondary metabolite synthesis and seedless plant varieties.. This work is an

attempt to review the RNAi, its biochemistry, and the achievements attributed to the application of

RNAi in crop improvement.

Keywords: RNAi, Crop improvement and Transcriptional inhibitor.


PP23 - Cytoprotective and anti- inflammatory effect of kernel extract from

Adenanthera apovinina on lipopolysaccharide stimulated rat peritoneal

macrophages.

G. Saravanan and N. Dineshkumar


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

This study is to investigate mechanism of anti- inflammatory activity of Adenanthera apovinina

extract against Rat peritoneal macrophage were treated with different concentration of

lipopolysaccharide and H2O2 in the presence and absence of kernel extract from Adenanthera

apovinina. Nitric oxide, superoxide anion generation, cell viability and nuclear fragmentation were

investigated. The pre-treatment of kernel extract from Adenanthera apovinina suppressed nitric

oxide, superoxide anion, cell death, nuclear fragmentation in lipopolysaccharide and H2O2

stimulated or induced macrophages respectively. This result concluded that Adenanthera apovinina

extract suppresses the intracellular peroxide production.

Keywords: Cytoprotective effect, cytotoxicity, macrophage, inflammation, nitric oxide.

PP24 - Cloning of α-amylase coding gene in Bacillus subtilis and its expression in

E.coli

K.H. Pavithra and R. Srivishnupriya


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Microorganisms have become increasingly important as producer of industrial enzymes. Due to

their biochemical diversity and the ease with which enzyme concentrations may be increased by

environmental and genetic manipulation, attempts are now being made to replace enzymes, which

traditionally have been isolated from complex eukaryotes. Starch degrading amylolytic enzymes

are most important in the biotechnology industries with huge application in food, fermentation,

textile and paper, Amylases can be obtained from several sources such as plant, animal and

microbes. Among the starch-hydrolyzing enzymes that are produced on an industrial scale,

thermostable α- amylases are of considerable commercial interest. Bacteria belonging to the genus

Bacillus have been widely used for the commercial production of thermostable α- amylases due to

their potential biotechnological uses in the food, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.

These include α- amylase Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus caldolyticus,

and Bacillus brevis. Cloning of genes has been done extensively for the molecular study of

proteins, their hyperproduction and protein engineering. Cloning of α-amylases has been done for

studying their sequence, characteristics, hyperproduction and expression and for enzyme

engineering, a-Amylase genes from different fungal and bacterial sources have been cloned in

appropriate host organisms using suitable vectors.

This study focused to amplify amylase coding gene in Bacillus subtilis isolated from sago waste

soil sample and to clone the gene in Escherichia coli. The dougements are Characterization of

microorganisms by morphological and biochemical methods and Isolation of genomic DNA from

the characterized strain, Conformation of isolated genetic materials by agarose gel electrophoresis,

Amplification of DNA using specific primers, Conformation of amplification by agarose gel


electrophoresis, To elute specific DNA fragment which contains the target gene, Transformation of

recombinant vector to the host cell, Conformation of expression in enrichment media, To conform

the production of enzyme by quantitative analysis and Characterization of recombinant enzyme by

SDS-PAGE.

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, E.coli, Agarose gel electrophoresis-Amylase gene, PCR, SDS-PAGE.

PP25 - Studies on antimicrobial and anticancer activity of

Solanum trilobatum

G. Sandhiya Sri, G. Sasi Devi, P. Pavithra and M. Suganthi


Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

Medicinal plants are the best source to obtain a variety of newer herbal drugs. The Solanum

trilobatum commonly used in traditional medicine because of its antipyretic effects and treatment

of inflammation, edema, martitis, cirrholis, of liver in oriental medicine. It contains many fatty

acids, steroidal alkaloids, polyphenols. The primary objective of the present study is determination

of the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of Solanum trilobatum from ethanolic extract.

Antimicrobial activity was maximum against E.coli(12mm), Staphylococcus aureus(8mm), Fungi-

Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of

Solanum trilobatum by silica gel thin layer chromatography showed presence of simple phenol,

phenolic acids and lignins. Alkaloids such as solamargine, solasonine, solanine and Saponins were

found.Alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum has significant antibacterial activity.

The MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) of extracts against test organism range between 1

and 4 mg/ml, while the MBC (Minimum Bacterial Concentration) ranged between 1.5 and 4.5

mg/ml.

Keywords: Anti-pyretic effect, Alkaloids, Antimicrobial activity and Anticancer activity.

PP26 - Efficient clean up of textile dye industrial effluent by bacterial

degradation

S. Pavithra, M. Sobiya, Y. Sarumathi, S. Guru Prasad & S. Kumaran*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram.

*corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

To evaluate the biodegrading property against carcinogenic textiles azo dyes using bacterial

isolates of dye contaminated area. The samples were collected from dye contaminated area of

Kanchipuram textile industry. The bacterial isolates were subjected to submerged fermentation.

Based on the degradation rate, the potential strain was characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing.

Based on degradation potential activity shows, The Bacillus sp can degrade the textile carcinogenic

dyes in industry effluent system. In future, It will be advised to use cheap and helpful for treatment

of dye contamination and its control the environmental pollution.

Keywords: dye, degradation, Bacillus sp.


PP27 - Biopesticides

J. Shamrunisha, V. Akshya, P. Uma Mageshwari, K. Kavitha

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College,



Abstract

Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as plants,

animals, bacteria and certain minerals. For Example, canola oil & baking soda have pesticidal

applications & are considered biopesticides.Biological pesticides, or “ Biopesticides” as the name

suggests, are naturally occurring substances that biologically control harmful pests, especially

among field crops. These are naturally produced bio chemical materials basically non-toxic to the

environment that can be employed in pest control. Biopesticides could mean living organisms

(Bacteria, Virus, & Algae), their products (Bio – chemical produced by them) and also plants by

products. Biopesticides offer on ecologically effective solution to the harmful effects of synthetic

pesticides. Advantages of biopesticides are eco friendly, affect only target pest groups,

biodegradable & minimal quantity is enough unlike biopesticides, chemical pesticides are not target

specific apart from killing the harmful pest they also end up destroying plant friendly organisms

such as earth warm, nitrogen fixing bacteria and algae that help plants to suck nutrients from soil,

water and air. Although they help the farmers with increased output they also result in polluting the

environment however, biopesticides are harmless, target specific & biodegradable. Examples for

Biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis, Paecilomyces, Trichoderma species Cydia pomonella

Granulovirus.

Keywords: Biopesticides, Non toxic, Pest control, Biodegradable, Nitrogen fixing micro

organisms, Bacillus thurigiensis, Trichoderma species.

PP28 - Outbreak of Swine flu

S. Pavithra, J. Kalaivani, M. Gomathi, P. Nivetha and A. Baskaran*.


Kanchipuram, India.


Abstract

Globally, India was one among the most affected countries for causes and deaths of

swine flu influenza a H1N1. During 2009 influenza pandemic with lot of public hype and

panic. In the present study, we evaluated general awareness and altitude towards swine flu

amongst the public . Flu viruses mainly infect humans, birds and pigs. Illness have been

associated with fever , coughing and sneezing .The current ongoing episodes of bird flu and

swine flu are beyond the control. This continuous evolution and re-emergence of new

strains indicate that the flu viruses are becoming more and more dangerous and this

situation have posed a challenge to researchers to discover effective vaccines and

therapeutics . H1N1 reasserted subtype caused the first global pandemic in last 40 years,

resulting in substantial illness, hospitalizations of millions of people and thousands of deaths

throughout the world. According to the UNION HEALTH MINISTRY FIGURES, the total

number of deaths due to the disease has now reached 812, while 13,688 people have


been affected with the H1N1 viruses across the country. Health Ministry Officials reported

that the number of people affected by swine flu was 12,963 while the number of deaths

caused by the infection was 774. In India during march , major outbreak was found in Delhi

(12 death ) followed by Tamil Nadu (14 deaths) and Andhra Pradesh (22 deaths). More growing

evidences and episodes of swine flu not only indicate strain variation but also vary in their

genotype and serotypes. Continuous changing trends in flu viruses may provide the basis strategies

for the control of upcoming outbreaks.

Keywords: swine flu, A H1N1, avian flu, mixing bowl, pandemic.

PP29 - Treatments of Stem Cell Therapy

H. Vinodini, M. Saranya, N. Tamizharasi, S. Soorya and A. Baskaran*


Kanchipuram, India.


Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells are prototypical adult stem cells with cells with the capacity

for self renewal and differentiation with a broad range of tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells not

only differentiate into any types of cells of mesodermal lineages but also into endodermal

and ectodermal lineages such as bone, fat, cartilage and cardinomycetes, endothelial cells, lung

epithelial cells, hepatocytes, neurons and pancreatic islets. Mesenchymal stem cells have been

identified as an adherent, fibroblast like population and can be isolated from different adult

tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

Mesenchymal stem cells secrete factors including IL-10 (interleukin -10), M-CSF (macrophage

colony stimulating factor ), IL-10 (interleukin-10), HGF (hepatocyte) and PGE-2 (prostaglandin of

E-series) that promote tissue repair, stimulate and differentiation of endogenous tissue

progenitors, and decrease inflammatory and immune reactions. HESCs (Human embryonic

stem cells) as an alternative to cadaveric islets for testing patients with diabetes and also for

autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Nowdays, stem cell therapy represents the great promise

for the future of molecular medicines. Among the stem cell (Mesenchymal stem cells) show

probably test potential good results in medicinal research . Due to the particular immune and

neural deregulation observed in ASDs, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could offer a

unique tool to provide better resolution for wide range of disease.

Keywords: HESC, molecular medicine, pathogenesis.

PP30 - Quorum sensing - a prospective study

R. Swathy, K. Indumathi, R. Divya V. Aarthiya and A. Baskaran*


Kanchipuram, India.


Abstract

Quorum sensing is cell-cell communication that allows bacteria to share information about

cell density and adjust gene expression accordingly. This enables bacteria to express energetically


expensive process as a collective only when the impact of those processes on the environment on a

host will be maximized. Among the many traits controlled by Quorum sensing, expression of

virulence factor by pathogenic bacteria. Most gram positive and gram negative bacteria use

different types of Qs system. Gram positive used peptides called autoinducing peptides (AIPs), as

signalling molecules. Once produced in the cell, AIPs are processed and secreted. When the

extracellular concentration of AIP is high, which occurs at HCD, it binds to a cognate membrane

bound two component histidine kinase receptor’s. Gram negative bacteria can communicate using

small molecules as AIP. These are either acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) or other molecules

whose production depends on S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a substrate.

Meanwhile few gram negative organisms follow LUXI/LUXR Quorum Sensing circuit and it is

quite interesting to know how Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploit two such circuit arranged in

tandem to control virulence factors production & biofilm formation. S. aureus is found among the

normal skin flora. If the epithelial barrier is compromised S. aureus can cause minor skin infection.

These infection can lead to pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis. S. aureus uses a canonical Gram

positive two component Quorum Sensing system encoded by the agrlocus. Similarly from

bioluminescent marine symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Thus, Quorum Sensing mediated

therapeutics that interferes with small molecule controlled pathway could have longer functional

shelf lives than second & third generation antibiotics.

Keywords: QS, AIPs, SAM, LUXI/LUXR.

PP31- Oil degrading bacteria from oil-contaminated soil and activity of their

enzyme

M. Abhirami , R.V. Santhiyaa, A. Razeena , M. Priyanka and S. Kumaran*




Abstract

Petroleum refineries around the world have generated the solid wastes during the refining

process and stocking of Crude oil. Crude oil is mainly composed of alkanes, cycloalkanes and

aromatic alkanes, which constitute about 50% to 80% of the oil content.

It is well known that a lot of soil bacteria and fungi can utilize petroleum hydrocarbons as a

carbon source. At the same time, some aboriginal microbes have gradually adapted to the long-term

oil contaminated soil and developed a superior community which can make use of oil contaminants

through special substrate enrichment. Therefore, bioremediation of oil contaminated soil has broad

prospects because of its low cost, no secondary pollution and has been carried out widely

throughout the world and reported a reference and guidance for development and practical

application of bioremediation technology.

The technology commonly used for the soil remediation includes mechanical, burying,

evaporation, dispersion and washing.

In this experiment, petroleum-contaminated soil samples were collected from Navy office, in

Arakkonam around oil wells. The optimum growth condition, Crude oil biodegradation and

degradation related enzymes of these strains were also investigated. The purpose was to select and

provide new strains with fast growth and high degradation ability for bioremediation of the

contaminated soil.

Keywords: Crude oil, Oil contaminated soil, remediation, degradation.


PP32 - Contemporary State of Pesticide In Human and Animal Health System

And Control Measures

J. Selvakumar, D. Dineshkumar, A. Baskaran and S. Kumaran*

PG and Research Department of Microbiology,Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.


Abstract

The term pesticide is often used to refer to substances that are insecticides, herbicides and

fungicides. These are designed to kill weeds, insects, rodents, fungus and mould. As they are

harmful to plant and animal life, they are also harmful to humans and especially developing

children. Pesticides are credited as part of the “green revolution” which raised agricultural

productivity and yields. Farmers and their families and other persons who use chemicals pesticides

regularly are at greatest risk for achieving toxic levels in their bodies. The pesticide can affecting

completes all the living systems. In this connection, the bio pesticide showing promising activity of

pest control in agricultural sectors.

Keywords: pesticide, human health, agriculture

PP33 - Biocompatible of chitosan nano particle loaded with acyclovir for anti

viral drug delivery application

G. Suganya, D. Hemashri, J. Suganya, K.M. Sairandhry and S. Kumaran*


Kanchipuram.


Abstract

Chitosan is a natural polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin. After cellulose chitin is

the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. It is biologically safe, non-toxic, biocompatible

and biodegradable polysaccharide. Chitosan nanoparticles have gained more attention as drug

delivery carriers because of their better stability, low toxicity, simple and mild preparation method

and providing versatile routes of administration. The emerging and emerged viral diseases like

Dengue, Herpes, Hepatitis-B etc. Improve the drug compatibility for efficient activity against viral

diseases. So in this present work, the chitosan nano particles were loaded with antiviral drug such

as Acyclovir. The prepared formulation was characterized for loading efficiency, encapsulation

efficiency and drug compatibility by UV spectrophotometer. The results show enhanced drug

efficiency and drug release in future the chitosan loaded with antiviral drug can play a vital role in

viral diseases and it could be controlled marine pollution from polymeric chitin shell. Keywords: chitosan, nano particle, antivirus


PP34 - Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)

G. Dhivya Gandhi G. Priya, R. Muthupriya and S. Guru Prasad *


Kanchipuram.


Abstract An increasing number of studies show that the activation of the innate immune system and

inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The

dominant conceptual framework for understanding innate immunity has been that host cells

respond to evolutionarily conserved molecular features of pathogens called pathogen-associated

molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate immune system is present in almost all multicellular

organisms and its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury via pattern-recognition

receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-

associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Intracellular pathways, linking immune and inflammatory

response to ion channel expression and function, have been recently reported. In this review, we

report that the idea of immune system responding to PAMPs in the context of additional signals

that derive from common ‘‘patterns of pathogenesis’’ employed by pathogens to infect, multiply

within, and spread among their hosts. Also, that PAMPs should be understood in the context of

how they are naturally presented by pathogens.

Keywords: Innate immune, PAMPS, PRRs, DAMPS

PP35 - Molecular mechanism of Bacterial meningitis

R. Murugan, S. Anbu, M. Vijayakanth & S. Guru Prasad *

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.


Abstract A number of pathogenic microbes including neuro-invasive viruses, bacteria and parasites

are capable of entry into the central nervous system (CNS) and cause a variety of clinical

manifestations. The cellular and molecular mechanisms for the CNS invasion have been

extensively studied in the last three decades. Viruses invade neurons and thereby cause encephalitis

or peripheral neuritis, while bacteria enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cause meningitis.

Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity despite advances in

antimicrobial therapy. A key factor that contributes to the high prevalence of this condition is the

incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Most cases of bacterial meningitis develop as a result

of haematogenous spread, but it is unclear how circulating bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier,

and how bacterial entry into the central nervous system results in inflammation and in

complications such as pleocytosis, blood–brain barrier disruption and neuronal injury. Recent

studies have shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of bacterial translocation across the blood–

brain barrier and the meningitis-associated complications. It is proposed that bacterial translocation,

a key step for the development of meningitis is the result of specific bacteria–host interactions, and

that its complications are the result of multiple host responses to the invading microorganism.

Keywords: Nervous system, meningitis, pathogenesis, signaling


PP36 - Safety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMO) are not

existent S. Nivesh narayanan, S. Monash raj, A. Honest raj, P. Raghu and G. Suresh*

Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram - 631 561


Abstract

The production of foods with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has risen rapidly

over the past three decades to comprise nearly 90% of crops grown in the United States today.

Currently, there are no mandates for labeling foods containing GMOs. GMO agricultural crops

contain the insertion of genes encoding for pesticides, pesticide resistance, growth factors, or other

substances not normally present. In addition to the foreign genes that are inserted, hundreds to

thousands of mutations disrupt normal genes in GMO plants. Recently, animal studies have

demonstrated toxicity of GMO foods causing organ failure, infertility, carcinomas and death. The

FDA requirement of ingredients added to foods be labeled on the product is not applied to GMO

foods, precluding the consumer’s right to know. GMOs provide an economic incentive to

companies because the seeds can be patented, driving up costs and creating the potential for

monopolies. Herbicide-resistance conferred by GMOs has resulted in higher pesticide applications,

which correlate with higher human cancer rates, and the emergence of pesticide-resistant weeds and

insects. GMO toxins are spreading into to non-target insects, waterways and aquatic organisms,

with toxicity to non-target organisms and resultant contamination of disparate ecosystems in the

food chain. The appropriateness of mandatory GMO labeling of foods in the United States is

discussed.

Keywords: GMO, Agriculture, Pesticides, Crops, Food, Labeling, Transgene.

PP37 - Pharmacopoeia and manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical

products U. Prakash, M. Vijayalakshmi and S. Guru Prasad*


Kanchipuram.


Abstract

Pharmaceutical microbiology is a sub-branch of industrial microbiology that deals with

production of medicines free from undesirable microorganisms. The premise of a pharmaceutical

company should be in remote areas where all the facilities must be available such as proper

electricity, discharge facilities, separate departments, well equipped laboratories and trained

personnel. Such facilities must also be available where industrial wastes should be treated before

discharging into the environment. All parenteral drugs which the company produces, including

many oral drugs, must go through rigorous microbiological testing in order to validate certain

compounds accordingly. Various countries have official publications containing a list of drugs and

directions for their use. Such publications are in use in a certain countries and these are named as

‘pharmacopoeia’ e.g. United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) or

British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP).It is necessary that the manufacturing

practices for pharmaceutical products, which emphasize specific points for the manufacturing,

should minimize the risks from various forms including contamination microbiological,

particulates, pyrogens, etc. Pharmaceutical industries comprise of several departments such as


Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC), Production, Packaging, Human Resources and

Development (HRD), Accounts and Finance, Warehouse, Engineering, etc. But only specific

departments are concerned with the microbiological testing of pharmaceutical finished products.

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are standard

guidelines to be followed to manufacture ideal goods / products. As far as microbiological

practices are concerned in a pharmaceutical company, involves: environmental monitoring,

sterilization, disinfectant and antiseptic, sterility test, antibiotic assay, microbial limit test, LAL test,

and preservative efficacy test (PET).

Keywords: GMP, pharma microbiology, quality

PP38 - Dental Biofilms

B. Pavithra, M. Divya, R. Banumathi , S. Manjari and K. Kavitha*

PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Art’s and Science

College,Kanchipuram – 631561.


Abstract

Dental biofilms are structurally and functionally organized biofilm. It is also called dental

plaque. It exists on tooth surface and also under the gums. It can be defined as a diverse community

of microorganisms. Microbes bind tightly to one another, in addition to solid tooth surface, by

means of an extracellular matrix consisting of polymers of both host and microbial origin. The

formation of dental plaque biofilms includes colonization of pellicle and ends with complex

formation of a mature biofilms. The bacteria involved in dental biofilm formation are

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus epidermidis,

Corynebacterium species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus. These bacteria can rapidly metabolize dietary

sugars to acid, creating locally a low pH, diurnal changes in saliva flow and leads to oral cavity. It

can be treated by inhibiting plaque acid production by fluoride –containing products or other

metabolic inhibitors. It improves enamel chemistry, maintain intracellular pH of teeth, promote re-

mineralization. If we left unaltered, plaque will inevitably lead to more disease.

Keywords: Plaque, Pellicle formation, Dietary sugar.

PP39 - Biodegradation of low density plastics by microorganisms

P.Padmini, D. Ramya, R. Sandhiya, T. Ezhilarasi, K. Kotteswaran, E. Praveen Kumar and S.

Kumaran*

PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.


Abstract Plastic is a broad name given to different polymers with high molecular weight, which can

be degraded by various processes. However, considering their abundance in the environment and

their specificity in attacking plastics, biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms and enzymes

seems to be the most effective process. When plastics are used as substrates for microorganisms,

evaluation of their biodegradability should not only be based on their chemical structure, but also


on their physical properties (melting point, glass transition temperature, crystallinity, storage

modulus etc.) Biodegradable plastics are seen by many as a promising solution to this problem

because they are environmentally-friendly. They can be derived from renewable feedstocks,

thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Biodegradable plastics offer a lot of advantages such

as increased soil fertility, low accumulation of bulky plastic materials in the environment (which

invariably will minimize injuries to wild animals), and reduction in the cost of waste management.

Furthermore, biodegradable plastics can be recycled to useful metabolites (monomers and

oligomers) by microorganisms and enzymes. In this present study, the isolated bacterium can

degrade the plastic. Bacterial and fungal species are used widely for degradation. The potential

strain was characterized as Pseudomonas sp. The organisms which degrade the hydrocarbon in the

plastics and use them as carbon source can be employed. In future the degrading bacteria will be a

promising source in plastic degradation and it can control the pollution so its leads to improve the

soil quality.

Keywords: Plastic, degradation, Pseudomonas

PP40 - Biodiesel production and microbial catalyst for microalgal biotechnology

D. Malathy , S. Sabarinathan, V. Thangamani, R. Ramkumar, U. Yuvaraj, A. Baskaran and

S. Kumaran*

PG & Research Department of Microbiology,Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.


Abstract

Oil- accumulating microalgae have the potential to enable large – scale biodiesel production

without competing for arable land or biodiverse natural landscapes. High lipid productivity of

dominant, fast- growing algae is major prerequisite for commercial production of microalgal oil-

derived biodiesel. However, under optimal growth conditions large amount of algal biomass are

produced, but with relatively low lipid content are typically slow growing. Major advances in this

area can be made through the induction of lipid biosynthesis, eg. By environmental stresses. Lipids

in the form of triacylglycerides typically provide a storage function in the cell that enables

microalgae to endure adverse environmental conditions. High yield of algae biomass with high

lipid content and the effective techniques to harvest the grown algae, extract the algal oil and

transesterify the oil to biodiesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, transesterification, microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris.

PP41 - To create awareness against farmer suicides

D. Bavatharani, K. Perundevi, P. Sivaranjani and E. Praveen Kumar*

PG & Research Department of Microbiology,Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur,

Kanchipuram.


Abstract

Agriculture is the back bone of our country. But incidence of farmers ending their lives in

many region had hit epidemic proportions recently. In our government is serious discussion about

to prevent farmer from suicides. So, government are seriously supported the microbial

biotechnology through the methods of serious of concession to it. Interesting it came out with


"millennium biotechnology policy", the major objectives of which included: To spread awareness

about the investment opportunities in biotechnology, genomics, microbiology, etc. Government are

introduced 'sottu neer pasanam' for farmers. The agriculture includes mainly plants,

microorganism, and soil. In the chemical fertilizer are gives quantity only. In the present days we

are suffering from malnutrition, because the food quality is low. But Biofertilizers are helps to

increase the quality and also healthy food production. But the farmers should get fair prices only.

So the farmers are disappointed and committed suicides.

“If we lose one farmer; we lose thousands of people's food in our life.

Save our farmers and save our earth”.

Keywords: Agriculture, biofertilzers, farmers.

PP42 - Fabrication of collagen scaffolds impregnated with silver nanoparticles

synthesized by Delphinium denudatum suitable for unhealing chronic wound

therapy

B.Sivasankari and G.Suresh


Kanchipuram.

Abstract A wound is described as disruption of normal tissue structure and function caused by external

and physiological factor. Wounds in general cause pain, bleeding, disability and sometimes lead to

death. Diabetes associated with a variety of alterations in connective tissue metabolism leads to the

problem of poor wound healing. Diabetic wounds lose collagen either due to decreased level of

synthesis or enhanced metabolism of newly synthesized collagen. Physiological factors that induce

foot ulcer in 15-25% of diabetic patient may develop foot complication in their life time. Collagen,

the extracellular protein employed as most promising wound dressing material for biomedical

applications because of its minimal inflammation, cytotoxicity, promotes growth factors, weak

antigenicity, provides strength and integrity to the tissue matrix. Films prepared from collagen are

used for delivering drugs to wounds due to their biodegradable nature. Antibacterial and anti-

inflammatory agents in combination with collagen is an effective way to achieve optimum and

rapid wound healing with minimum inflammatory responses and prevent additional infectivity.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized by extract of Delphinium denudatum and combination with

doxycycline antibiotic and collagen to treat unhealing chronic wounds.

Keywords: Wound, collagen, silver nanoparticle, doxycycline.


PP43 - Green plastics - An effort to save our environment

R. Thirumoorthi, V. Logesh and K. Selvendiran


Kanchipuram.

Abstract Green plastics are a new generation of biodegradable plastics whose components are derived

entirely (or) almost entirely from renewable (or) biodegradable raw materials they are biopolymers

that occur in nature. These plastics based on natural plant polymers from wheat (or) corn starch and

have molecules that are readily attacked and broken down by microbes. These bioplastics &

biopolymers created from lactic acid fermentation, from oranges and also from potatoes. These

plastics can be applied in packing in many fields like food industries, hospitals research

equipments, coating for paper & card boards, packing of toys etc. So it gives good environment in

earth without having contamination of synthetic plastics in soil.

Keywords: Bioplastics, Renewable, Corn starch

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AUTHOR GUIDELINES

Authors willing to submit their manuscript are requested to carefully go through the

guidelines as given below, [The papers submitted without following this style and format will not

undergo review process, and will be returned to authors].

Article Types

Three types of manuscripts may be submitted: Regular articles, Short Communications,

Reviews.

All portions of the manuscript must be typed double-spaced and all pages numbered starting

from the title page.

The Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper.

The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the

topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major

findings and conclusions. Following the abstract, about 3 to 6 Keywords that will provide

indexing should be listed. The Introduction should provide a clear statement of the

problem, the relevant literature on the subject. Materials and Methods should be complete

enough to allow experiments to be reproduced. Results should be presented with clarity and

precision. The Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the results obtained in

this and in past studies on this topic. State the Conclusion in a few sentences at the end of

Discussion. The Acknowledgment of people, grants, funds, etc should be

brief. Tables should be kept to a minimum and be designed to be as simple as possible.

Figure should be prepared using JPEG file.

References Citation in text:

In the text, references to the literature should be made by author's name followed by year of

publication arranged by alphabetical order first, then by year of publication:

. . . studies by Briggs (1975) reveal . . .

. . . earlier reports (Anderson and Stevens, 1977; Mahler, 1976; 1977), . . .

When references are made to more than one paper by the same author, published in the same

year, they are to be designated in the text as (Hinck et al., 1994a, b) and in the reference list as

follows:

Single Author Paper:

o Manahan SE (1994) Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol Prog 11:235–250

Multi Author Paper:

o Jiang R, Huang S, Chow TA, Yang J (2009) Nitric oxide removal from flue gas with

a biotrickling filter using Pseudomonas putida. J Hazard Mater 164:432-441

Book: o Levitt J (1980) Responses of plants to environmental stresses, Vol. 2, Academic

Press, New York.

Chapter in a book: o Asada K, Takahashi M (1987) Production and scavenging of active oxygen in

photosynthesis. In: D. J. Kyle, B. Osmond and C. J. Arntzen (Eds.), Photoinhibition,

Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 227-287.

Proofs: Electronic proofs will be sent (e-mail attachment) to the corresponding author as a PDF

file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript.

Please submit your manuscript via e-mail (preferred) to: [email protected]

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Documents

Bhamathi Microbiology News LetterBhamathi Microbiology News Letter Volume 5, Issue 2, August - December 2015 ISSN: 2231-136X Proceeding of the 2nd National Conference on Frontiers