HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGYMedical Microbiology

Mrs. Bagwell

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Robert Hooke Englishman, mechanic and

tinker Created first working microscope First to observe dead cells Developed “Cell Theory”

CELL THEORY

The parts to the cell theory are as described below:

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all organisms.

All cells come from pre-existing, living cells.

Anton Van Leewenhoek (1673) Dutch merchant Develop a microscope using magnifying lens (300X) First to see live cells- named them “animalcules” Studied pond water, scrapings from

mouth, etc.

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (ABIOGENESIS)

Life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter.

Wildly held belief until the mid-1800’s Challenged by Rudolf Virchow (1858)

with concept of BIOGENESIS (cells an only come from other cells)

Francesco Redi (1668) Did experiments to disprove Spontaneous Generation Ran convincing experiments

Pasteur (1857) Demonstrated that organisms are in the air Developed germ theory of fermentaion Hired to see why wine spoiled Also, proved that boiling kills organisms (led to pasteurization)

GOLDEN AGE

Germ Theory of Disease Microorganisms might cause disease

Led to ASEPSIS techniques Pasteur (pasteurization) Lister (use of carbolic acid to stop

disease after surgery) Semmelweis (handwashing before

child birth to prevent puerperal fever)

KOCH’S POSTULATES (1876)

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

Edward Jenner (1796) Studied smallpox Discovered that milk maids with coxpox did not get small pox Tried experiment on 8 year old boy

Developed first vaccine

SMALLPOX

SEARCH FOR THE “MAGIC BULLET”

First “Chemotherapy” Synthetic drugs Antibiotics

SYNTHETIC DRUGS

Prepared from chemicals in laboratory

Paul Ehrlich (1910)- salvarsan Sulfa drugs-sulfonamides

ANTIBIOTICS

Alexander Fleming, Scottish (1928)