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Lip Sync Loudness 5.1 Surround

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Lip Sync Why errors are hard to detect Why they happen What to do

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1 - Errors Below Threshold Scenario

Show: -1 frame, looks OKStation: -1 frame, looks OKBroadcast show: -2 frames, looks bad

Solution: All sync must be correct (not just look it)

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2 - Errors That Cancel Scenario

Show: -3 framesStation: +3 framesBroadcast show: 0 frames, looks good But two wrongs don’t make a right!Good shows will look bad on this station!

Solution: All sync must be correct

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3 - Errors That Drift Scenario

Broadcast now: GoodBroadcast later: Bad

Solution: Be careful! Change channels! Millions of commercial and consumer MPEG

decoders drift!

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4 - Error Perception That Drifts Scenario

Sync now: looks GoodSame sync later: Bad

Solution: PatienceNeed tight shots of people talking Some people talk out of sync!Stare at sync long enough, you will start seeing things!

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Station Production Tips Delay audio with every video delay

FramesyncsSwitcher effectsLCD & plasma displays!Don’t trust your earsTEST!

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Station Master Control Tips Align sync at every point

Framesyncs & processorsMPEG & ATSC encoder settingsSurprisesDon’t trust your earsTEST!

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Test Tools Edit Suites and QC Stations

syncheck.com

Station Master ControlID with 1 frame dot and beep, then non-linear editorNormal programming with Miranda or Evertz solutions

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Consumer Tips LCD & Plasma TV's

Internal decoder should be OKSeparate decoder & audio systems require offset!

MPEG decoders Try changing channels

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TV Loudness Why it started out bad How it got better What to do Impact of CALM act

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Industry Progress Early Confusion Subsequent Conflict & Loudness Wars Recent Consensus: ATSC A85!

www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a_85-2009.pdf

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CALM Act Passed Sept 29, 2010 Requires FCC to establish rule by Sept 29, 2011:

Applies to all stations, cable and other MVPDs“Commercial” loudness must comply with ATSC A85Installing “Complaint” processing will satisfy FCCTwo 1-year waivers allowed for hardship

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CALM Act Questions for PTV What is a “Commercial”?

Are funder credits, promos and ID’s included?

What is the measurement interval?The duration of the “spot”, or shorter?

Can we maintain program dynamics?Tightly control submissions and avoid processing?

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Production Tips Buy an LKFS meter (BS.1770)

Your mix engineers will like it!

No money?Dialog peaks at -10 dBFS works pretty well

Produce content to -24 LKFSAverage over entire show, ± 2 dBDramatic moments can still be ±10 dB!

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Station Tips Set plant for unity gain Set encoder dialnorm to -24 Get an LKFS meter (BS.1770) Measure day-long compliance with -24 LKFS Apply processing if needed Compare local stations and share

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Tolerance

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5.1 Surround Submission Broadcast

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5.1 Surround Submission PBS Requirement deferred beyond 2011 Upmix

Insure compatible downmix - demand from your vendor!

5.1 ProductionInsure compatible downmix - demand from your engineer!Traditionally all dialog in C onlyCalibrate your LFE

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5.1 Surround Broadcast Increasing Demand

Consumers are building theatersPBS will be supplying more content

For PCM, decoder needed for every IRD NGIS NRT eliminates this expense

Compelling 5.1 shows will arrive early via NRT

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PCM Plant - SAP on 7/8

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PCM Plant - SAP on 3/4

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