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ASME Oral Presentation Competition
Stevens Institute of Technology
Mechanical Engineering Dept.
Senior Design 2005~06
April 1st, 2006
Presented By:
Lazaro Cosma
2
Presentation Agenda
• Project Background• Project Objective• Wave Data Analysis• Design Selection Process• Final Conceptual Design• Detailed Design Description• Fabricated Prototype• Conclusion
3
Project Background
• Importance of Renewable Energy– More environmentally conscious– Unlimited resource
• Major Sources of Renewable Energy– Wind– Solar– Wave
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Renewable Energy ComparisonWave Power Solar Power Wind Power
Energy Density and Predictability
High Low Low
Availability 90% 20%-30% 20%-30%
Potential Sites Virtually Unlimited Limited Very Limited
Environmental Issues None Visual Pollution Noise / Visual Pollution
Wave Energy Densities (MW)
Wave Energy has more potential than Wind and Solar Energies combined
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Wave Energy Locations• Three locations
– Shore
– Near shore
– Offshore
• Offshore has the most potential for harnessing energy
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Offshore Wave Energy
Advantages• Sea waves have high
energy densities• Negligible demand on
land use• Ability to secure
energy supplies in remote regions
• Limited negative environmental impact
Disadvantages• High structural
loading in extreme weather conditions
• Potential navigation hazard to ships
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Major Problems / Concerns
• Economic feasibility– Where are the current / future markets
• Offshore– Location requiring unit to be self- sustaining
– Powering from shore not feasible
• Maintenance and installation
• Engineering challenges– Harness energy at a cost that is competitive
– Efficiency
– Utilizing maximum wave motion / height for optimum power potential
– Scalability
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Project Objective
• Focus on small scale design versus industrial scale
• Develop device that harnesses wave energy to generate electrical power on a buoy– Off-shore location requires buoy to be self-
sustaining – Power will be stored in batteries to be
drawn from when needed– Power output in the 100’s of Watts range
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Design Location: Raritan Bay, New York Harbor
Data collected from the past 5 years and statistically analyzed for significant wave height and period
Wave Data Analysis
Wave Height Wave Period
Mean Height: 12.2 inches• 95% C.L.: 3.94~27.95 inches
Mean Period: 7.14 sec• 95% C.L.: 3.1~12.8 sec
Coney Island, Raritan Bay:Histogram of Significant Wave Heights
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2000
4000
6000
8000
Wave Height (inches)
Freq
uenc
y
Coney Island, Raritan Bay:Histogram of Significant Wave Periods
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Wave Period (seconds)
Freq
uenc
y
*C.L. = Confidence Level
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Design Selection Process
Identify Opportunities
Customer Needs Target Values
State of the Art Review
Product Architecture / Technical Analysis
Concept GenerationConcept Screening
and Scoring
Design Selection Final Design
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Final Conceptual Design
Spring Reel
Storage Batteries
Gearbox
Flywheel
Alternator
One Way Clutch
Spring-Reel Design
• Effectively converts linear motion to rotational motion• Cost effective design• Integrates device with buoy
• Integrates device with buoy• Modularity of components
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Spring Operated Reel
Function: Convert linear buoy motion into rotational shaft motion
Design Aim: Maximize angular velocity of input shaft
• Velocity dependant on reel diameter
• Spring must be strong enough to handle large waves, not too strong to suppress small waves
Power Springs
Output Shaft to Rectifier
Support with Bearings
Spring Housing
Power Springs are attached to the shaft at their inner ends and fixed to the spring housing at the outer ends.
Power Springs
Output Shaft to Rectifier
Support with Bearings
Spring Housing
Power Springs are attached to the shaft at their inner ends and fixed to the spring housing at the outer ends.
Power Springs
Output Shaft to Rectifier
Support with Bearings
Spring Housing
Power Springs are attached to the shaft at their inner ends and fixed to the spring housing at the outer ends.
Power Springs
Output Shaft to Rectifier
Support with Bearings
Spring Housing
Power Springs are attached to the shaft at their inner ends and fixed to the spring housing at the outer ends.
Power Springs
Spring Housing
Output Shaft to Clutch
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One-Way Clutch & GearboxOne-way Clutch
Function: Convert oscillatory motion of reel into unidirectional motion
Design Aim: Utilize a one-way clutch bearing that can handle maximum input torque with a desired FOS
Gearbox
Function: Increase shaft speed for flywheel / alternator system
Design Aim: Increase speed by reducing torque to optimize operating RPM for alternator
Transmits Torque
Freewheels to allow reel to rewind
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Flywheel & AlternatorFlywheel
Function: Maintain RPM at alternator
Design Aim: Maximize momentum on flywheel, while minimizing required weight
• Acts as a mechanical battery by storing kinetic energy
Alternator
Function: Convert mechanical shaft horsepower to usable electrical power
Design Aim: Maximize power output at minimum RPM
• Charge batteries stored on platform for later usage
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Fabricated Prototype
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Conclusion• Unique design concept
– Design integrates maintainability with function
– Utilizes rotary motion to capture wave motion
– Cost effective design when compared to linear generator designs
• Wave Power is a viable source of renewable energy– Important to continually push the technology
– Potential Markets are present
• Develop innovative solutions to today’s major issues
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Questions or Comments?
A Special Thanks to:
My Team Members - Biruk Assefa, Yuki Sato, Josh Ottinger
Advisor - Professor Kishore Pochiraju
Consultant - Mike Raftery
Institute Machine Shop - George Wohlrob