Arc Hydro groundwater data model: a data model for groundwater systems within ArcGIS ESRI user conference May 2004 Gil Strassberg and David Maidment, University

Arc Hydro groundwater data model:

a data model for groundwater systems

within ArcGIS

ESRI user conference

May 2004

Gil Strassberg and David Maidment, University of Texas at Austin

Norman Jones, Brigham Young University

Hydrologic Information Systems

Modeling

Geodatabase

A hydrologic information system is a combination of geospatial and temporal hydrologic data with hydrologic models that supports hydrologic practice, science and education

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources

• Arc Hydro– An ArcGIS data model

for water resources– Arc Hydro toolset for

implementation– Framework for linking

hydrologic simulation models

The Arc Hydro data model andapplication tools are in the publicdomain

Arc Hydro — Hydrography

Arc Hydro — Hydrology

Arc Hydro surface water

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System Flow

Time

Time Series

Flow

Time

Time Series

HydrographyHydrography

Hydro NetworkHydro Network

Channel SystemChannel System

Drainage SystemDrainage System

A data model for representing surface water systems

Describing the hydrologic cycle





Hydrogeologic unit Borehole

Layers Solid

Atmospheric – Land surface


Arc Hydro groundwater






Layers Solid











Layers Solid


Layers Solid



Arc Hydro groundwater

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System Flow

Time

Time Series

Flow

Time

Time Series





1.Support representation of regional groundwater systems.

2.Support representation of site scale groundwater studies.

3.Enable the integration of surface water and groundwater

data.

4.Connect to groundwater modeling software.

Data model goals

Objective

Extend the Arc Hydro data model to include a

representation of groundwater systems.

Regional groundwater systems

250 km

Edwards south outcrop

Edwards south downdip

250 km

Edwards south outcrop

Edwards south downdip

• Usually the horizontal scale >> vertical scale

• In many cases modeled as 2 dimensional

Site scale groundwater studies

Layer 1

Layer 3Layer 2

Layer 4Layer 5

Surface elevation

Layer 1

Layer 3Layer 2

Layer 4Layer 5

Surface elevation

~ 3000 m

Layer 1

Layer 3Layer 2

Layer 4Layer 5

Surface elevation

Layer 1

Layer 3Layer 2

Layer 4Layer 5

Surface elevation

~ 3000 m

Characterization of Savannah River Site in South Carolina

• Usually model 3D flow to study mass transport

• Important to establish a 3D model of the system

Integration of surface water and groundwater information

Geographic relationship between the surface and groundwater elements

Need to represent movement of water

between the surface and subsurface

Complex subject!!

Connection to groundwater models

Data model = Database

Model input

Model outputs

Data model framework

Raster catalog to represent geologic formations and parameter distribution

Features describing the hydrogeology of the system

Raster catalog to represent water related parameters

Features used in relation with modeling

Table that describes hydrogeologic units and their properties

Describes surfaces

Hydrogeology feature dataset

GeoSection (3D polygon)GeoVolume (Multipatch)

Objects describing hydrogeology

GeoArea (2D Polygon) GeoLine (2D line)

GeoPoint (3D Point)

BoreLine (3D line)

Hydrogeology feature dataset

Aquifer (2D Polygon)Wells (points)

Water Area (2D Polygon)Water Line (2D line)

GeoRasters

Transmisivity Hydraulic conductivity

GeoRasters:

• Distribution of properties

• Define boundaries of hydrogeologic units

Top of formation Formation base

Raster ID

Description Units

1 Transmisivity m2/day

2 Hydraulic

conductivity

m/day

3 Formation top m

4 Formation base m

Raster catalog

GeoRasters are usually constant over time

Woodbine aquifer, Texas

Raster Series

describe water related properties over time

Potentiometric surface

Saturated thickness

Contaminant concentration

Raster ID

Description Units Time

1 Potentiometric surface

m May 2003


m June 2003


m July 2003

Modeling feature dataset

3 dimensional models

Connection to modeling tools: enable the preparation of model

inputs and communication of model outputs

2 dimensional models

Hydrogeologic unit

HGU ID HGU Code Formation Reference

1 1 Sand

2 8 Red Clay

3 23 Bouldery till

Hydrogeologic unit table

Describes the hydrogeologic unit and links

together the spatial representations

Example 1:

Representing hydrogeology of an aquifer system

North Carolina coastal aquifer system

Introduction to the Arc Hydro Groundwater

toolbar

Create Volume objects from feature or import from external sources

Create Volume objects from base

polygons by extrusion

Generate BoreLines from wells

Definition Query tool

• Available on the CD• Available on CRWR website:

North Carolina coastal aquifer system

* From USGS, Water Resources Data Report of North Carolina for WY 2002

Section line

Defining the control volumeThis control volume is the boundary of the Neuse River basin down to a specified depth

Next step - Describe the subsurface within this control volume

Boundaries of aquifers

Map view of the aquifers

Beaufort aquifer

A display of the water quality zones in the aquifer

Outline of the Neuse River Basin

Hydrostratigraphy information

North Carolina Division of Water Resources website

Hydrostratigraphy from boreholes in the

Beaufort boundary

Hydrostratigraphy attributes

Attributes of the borehole describe the hydrostratigraphy at

varying depths

Beaufort aquifer top

Elevations above mean sea level

Land surface elevation

Castle Hayne confining layer top

Castle Hayne aquifer top

Beaufort confining layer top

3D view of the information

Start from a 2D point (X, Y) with attributes describing the Z dimension

Conceptual description of the subsurface

8

-22

-123

-29

-133

-334

Beaufort aquifer

Elevations are feet above mean sea

level

Land surface elevation

Castle Hayne confining layer

Castle Hayne aquifer

Beaufort confining layer

Transform into 3D lines

The HydroID relates the vertical description of

hydrogeologic units back to the borehole point

Hydro ID = 66

Transform into 3D lines

Given the X and Y coordinates and the Z coordinate for the

hydrogeologic units, 3 dimensional lines can be generated to

represent the hydrostratigraphy within the borehole

Interpolate to create a model of the subsurface

Cross sections, fence diagrams

Interpolating to create cross section views

Interpolate to create a model of the subsurface

Creating solid models

Beaufort confining layer

Beaufort aquifer

Using external models we can compute the volume of

the solids

Analysis

Once we have a model of the subsurface we can look at

interaction between control volumes and how water

will move between them

Recharge zones

Streams

Introduction to Multipatches

Multipatches in ArcGIS

A multipatch is a series of three-dimensional surfaces that

are represented as groups of geometries

We can use closed multipatches to represent the geometry of volume objects

Limitations:Not a true volume object, doesn’t know its volume, surface area etc. No ability to do intersections, proximity and other operations available on points, lines, and polygons in 2D space

Importing Solids from XML

Stratigraphy information in a spatial database

Interpolation in external software(for example GMS)

Store solids in XMLBack to spatial database

Demo 1: Creating BoreLines and

GeoVolumes

• Create a control volume from the Neuse River Bain polygon by

extruding between two values.

• Use the Definition Query tool to display only hydrostratigraphy wells.

Then make a well selection and create borelines using the wells to

borelines tool.

• Select a set of borelines for a specific aquifer (Black Creek), then

create a GeoVolume of the aquifer using the BoreLines to

GeoVolume tool.

• Display time series for the wells (water elevations) in ArcMap.

Example 2:

Representing groundwater models

Savannah River Site, South Carolina

Connection to groundwater models

Data model = Database

Model input

Model outputs

Savannah River Site South Carolina

Savannah River SiteRadioactive waste burial ground

Conceptual model horizontal dimension

General head boundaries Package

Streams

Radioactive burial ground

Conceptual model vertical dimension

5 layers in the conceptual model

Zone IIB2“Water Table”

190

270 - 300

“Tan Clay”180

Zone IIB1“Barnwell / McBean”

130

“Green Clay”125

Zone IIAGordon aquifer

50 (feet)

GIS representation of the horizontal dimension

Represent the horizontal properties of the surface within ArcMap

Each cell is 100 meters by 100 meters

1600 m

3000 m

Create a 3 dimensional representation of the model

Can generate a 3D model in ArcScene

Vertical dimension ~ 75 meters

Each cell in the 2D representation

is transformed into a 3D object

(Multipatch)

Control volume for the

model domain

Views of the subsurface

Once a solid model is constructed we can generate views

of the subsurface

Cross section along streams intersecting the model domain

Can relate the 3D Cells to modeling information

Cell2D

Cell3D

Cell ID Transmissivity Conductivity

Model inputs and outputs

To Review the Groundwater Data Model

Please see “Groundwater” at http://support.esri.com/datamodels

To Get Latest Groundwater Tools

Please see “Groundwater” at http://http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/gis/gishydro04/

Documents

Arc Hydro groundwater data model: a data model for groundwater systems within ArcGIS ESRI user conference May 2004 Gil Strassberg and David Maidment, University