UC2008 Pre-conference Seminars 1 Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo)

UC2008 Pre-conference SeminarsUC2008 Pre-conference Seminars 11

Arc Hydro Groundwater Arc Hydro Groundwater Data ModelData Model

Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo)Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo)

Pre Conference SeminarPre Conference Seminar 22

ComponentsComponents

• Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps

• Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole databorehole data

• Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyhydrostratigraphy

• Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data

• Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)models (focus on MODFLOW)


Geologic mapsGeologic mapsA geologic map is a cartographic product that portrays information A geologic map is a cartographic product that portrays information about the geologic character of a specific geographic areaabout the geologic character of a specific geographic area

• Groundwater features are closely tied to geologyGroundwater features are closely tied to geology

• Geologic maps vary in scale (continental, regional, local)Geologic maps vary in scale (continental, regional, local)

• Provide a simple data structure to support mappingProvide a simple data structure to support mapping

GeologyGeology AquifersAquifers

Maps from the United States National (http://nationalatlas.gov/).

http://nationalatlas.gov/


Geologic map databasesGeologic map databases“A digitally-compiled collection of spatial (geographically referenced) and descriptive geologic information about a specific geographic area” (Geologic Data Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee 2006)

• Standards for archiving geologic map dataStandards for archiving geologic map data

• Support the development of applications for automating map creationSupport the development of applications for automating map creation

• ComplexComplex

Examples:Examples:

North American Geologic Map Data Model (NADM) North American Geologic Map Data Model (NADM)

National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB)

State geologic map databases (e.g. Geologic Atlas of Texas)

ArcGeology


Geologic map databasesGeologic map databases

Arc Geology: Arc Geology: generic geologic map database implemented within

ArcGIS (figure from Raines et al. 2007

Geodatabase design for storing data from Geodatabase design for storing data from the Geologic Atlas of Texas the Geologic Atlas of Texas ((

http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244)

http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244


Geology componentGeology component

Map modified from: Geologic map of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, south-central Texas. U.S. Geological Survey SIM 2873

GeologyPoint

GeologyLine GeologyArea

GeologyLine

HydroIDHydroCodeGeoAbbrevDescriptionHGUIDHGUCodeFTyp

GeologyArea

HydroIDHydroCodeGeoAbbrevDescriptionHGUIDHGUCodeFTyp

GeologyPoint

HydroIDHydroCodeGeoAbbrevDescriptionHGUIDHGUCodeFType

GeologyPoint: Point feature (e.g. springs, caves, sinks, and observation points)

GeologyLine: Line features (e.g. faults, contacts, and dikes)

GeologyArea: Areal features (e.g. rock units and alteration zones)


Demo – GeologyDemo – Geology









Well databasesWell databases

• Wells are basic features in groundwater databasesWells are basic features in groundwater databases

• Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, owner, etc.Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, owner, etc.

• Data are collected from drilling/construction reports and permitsData are collected from drilling/construction reports and permits


Well databasesWell databases• Well databases store information on wells and related dataWell databases store information on wells and related data

• Data are related to wells such as construction, water levels, water quality, and Data are related to wells such as construction, water levels, water quality, and stratigraphy stratigraphy

• Usually a central table is used to describe well features and other data are Usually a central table is used to describe well features and other data are linked to it through key attributes (e.g. state well number)linked to it through key attributes (e.g. state well number)

Relationships in the TWDB groundwater

database


WellWell• The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well feature The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well feature

classclass• In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic

attributes attributes

Point datasetWell

HydroIDHydroCodeLandElevWellDepthAquiferIDAqCodeHGUIDFType

Wells in the Edwards AquiferWells in the Edwards Aquifer


Borehole dataBorehole data• 3D data (screens, completion intervals, stratigraphy) is referenced 3D data (screens, completion intervals, stratigraphy) is referenced

along the wellalong the well

• From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)


BoreholeLog tableBoreholeLog table• Used to store 3D borehole data related with well featuresUsed to store 3D borehole data related with well features

• Each row in the table represents a point/interval along a boreholeEach row in the table represents a point/interval along a borehole

• Data are related with a Well feature through the WellID attributeData are related with a Well feature through the WellID attribute

• 3D geometry is defined by the TopElev and BottomElev attributes3D geometry is defined by the TopElev and BottomElev attributes


3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)

• Can create Can create 3D features 3D features representing data in the BoreholeLog representing data in the BoreholeLog tabletable

• BorePoint BorePoint is a 3D point feature class for representing point is a 3D point feature class for representing point locations along a borehole (e.g. geologic contacts, samplers)locations along a borehole (e.g. geologic contacts, samplers)

• BoreLineBoreLine is a 3D line feature class for representing intervals is a 3D line feature class for representing intervals along a boreholealong a borehole

BorePoint

BoreLine


Demo – Aquifer, Wells, and Demo – Aquifer, Wells, and Borehole dataBorehole data









Hydrogeologic unitsHydrogeologic units““Hydrogeologic unit Hydrogeologic unit is any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue is any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of ground water” (USGS glossary of hydrologic terms)movement of ground water” (USGS glossary of hydrologic terms)

Hydrogeology can be derived by classifying stratigraphic units

Georgetown Fm. (GTOWN)

Cyclic + Marine member (CYMRN)

Upper confining unit

Leached + collapsed member (LCCLP)

Regional dense member (RGDNS)

Grainstone member (GRNSTN)

Kirschberg evaporite member (KSCH)

Dolomitic member (DOLO)

Upper Glen Rose (UGLRS)

Stratigraphic units Hydrogeologic units

Pearson Fm.

Basal Nodular member (BSNOD)

Kainer Fm.

Georgetown Fm.

Ed

war

ds

A

qu

ifer


Hydrogeologic unit tableHydrogeologic unit table• HydroGeologicUnitHydroGeologicUnit table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic units table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic units

• Hydrogeologic units are with an Hydrogeologic units are with an AquiferIDAquiferID such that they can be grouped to represent an aquifer such that they can be grouped to represent an aquifer

• Spatial features are indexed with a Spatial features are indexed with a HGUIDHGUID to relate to the conceptual representation of the units to relate to the conceptual representation of the units


Representations of hydrogeologic unitsRepresentations of hydrogeologic units

• Different spatial representations of hydrogeologic with 2D and 3D Different spatial representations of hydrogeologic with 2D and 3D objectsobjects

• Workflow for creating 3D hydrogeologic modelsWorkflow for creating 3D hydrogeologic models

Cross sections/Fence diagrams

Volume objects representing hydrogeologic units

Cross sections derived from the solid model

Define hydrogeologic units along boreholes

Create surfaces from borehole data and

cross sections

Interpolate and edit cross sections

“Cut” cross sections from the solid model

Surfaces defining the extent of hydrogeologic units

Borehole Stratigraphy

Build volumes between surfaces

Create cross sections based on the surfaces


Hydrogeologic unit tableHydrogeologic unit table

• Hydrogeologic units are described with Hydrogeologic units are described with different spatial instances different spatial instances (outcrops, borehole intervals, surfaces, cross sections, and volumes)(outcrops, borehole intervals, surfaces, cross sections, and volumes)

• HGUIDHGUID is the key attribute is the key attribute

1

*

*

*

*

1

GeoVolume

HydroIDHydroCodeHGUIDHGUCodeFType

HGUArea

HydroIDHydroCodeHGUIDHGUCodeFType

GeoRasters

RasterNameDescriptionUnitsHGUIDHGUCodeAquiferIDAqCode

HydrogeologicUnit

HGUIDHGUCodeHGUNameAquiferIDAqCodeDescription

SectionLine

HydroIDHydroCodeSNameFType

HydroIDHydroCodeSectionIDSNameHGUIDHGUCodeFType

GeoSection

*


HGUAreaHGUArea

GeoArea feature representing the Kainer hydrogeologic unit

GeologyArea features represent data from geologic

mapsGeologyArea

• 2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units• HGUArea (conceptual/interpolated boundary) ≠ GeologyArea (mapped HGUArea (conceptual/interpolated boundary) ≠ GeologyArea (mapped

outcrop)outcrop)

Data points representing top elevations of the Kainer formation


Representation of Cross SectionsRepresentation of Cross Sections• SectionLineSectionLine defines the 2D cross section

• GeoSectionGeoSection represent 3D sections as 3D polygons represent 3D sections as 3D polygons

• SectionIDSectionID of the polygon relates back to the section line of the polygon relates back to the section line

GeoSection 4713HGUID = 3

A

A’B

B’

A

A’

B

B’

Section B-B’(HydroID 4667)


Georgetown

Glen Rose

Kainer

Person

GeoRastersGeoRasters• Raster catalog Raster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasetsfor storing and indexing raster datasets

• Can store top and bottom of formationsCan store top and bottom of formations

• Each raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic unit tableEach raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic unit table


GeoRastersGeoRasters

• GeoRasters GeoRasters also store also store hydraulic properties hydraulic properties such as such as transmissivity, conductivity, and specific yieldtransmissivity, conductivity, and specific yield

K (feet/day)

Raster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards AquiferRaster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards Aquifer


GeoVolumeGeoVolume

• Objects for representing Objects for representing 3D volume objects3D volume objects• Geometry is Geometry is multipatchmultipatch


GeoVolumeGeoVolume

• Can create the volumes as a set of 3D trianglesCan create the volumes as a set of 3D triangles• Not real volume – can’t do any 3D operationsNot real volume – can’t do any 3D operations• Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to

the geodatabasethe geodatabase

Georgetown

Person

Kainer

Volumes in GMSVolumes in GMS

GeoVolumes in the geodatabaseGeoVolumes in the geodatabase


Demo – HydrostratigraphyDemo – Hydrostratigraphy









Types of time varying datasetsTypes of time varying datasets

• Single variable time seriesSingle variable time series – A single variable recorded at a – A single variable recorded at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater levelslocation, such as stream discharge or groundwater levels

• Multi variable time seriesMulti variable time series – Multiple variables recorded – Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis of a water sampleof a water sample

• Time varying surfaces (raster series)Time varying surfaces (raster series) – Raster datasets indexed – Raster datasets indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a certain time. certain time.

• Time varying features (feature series)Time varying features (feature series) – A collection of features – A collection of features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a variable at a single time period. variable at a single time period.


Time series Time series • The most basic case is a monitoring device recording values The most basic case is a monitoring device recording values

over time (e.g. monitoring well, streamflow gage)over time (e.g. monitoring well, streamflow gage)

San Marcos springs Springs

San M

arco

s Riv

er

Sink Creek

San Marcos

Monitoring Well (295443097554201 )


Time series Time series • TimeSeriesTimeSeries table is the basic table for storing time series data table is the basic table for storing time series data

• Need to support: Need to support: whatwhat, , wherewhere, and , and when when

• VariablesVariables table defines variable objects table defines variable objects

Time (TsTime)

Space (FeatureID)

Variables (VariableID)


Time series Time series • By querying the table we can create different data viewsBy querying the table we can create different data views

2791

TsTime

FeatureID

VariableID

2FeatureID

VariableID

2791 FeatureID

VariableID

2

(a) (b) (c)TsTime TsTime


Time series views – create time series graphTime series views – create time series graph

Well HydroID = 2791

• FeatureIDFeatureID of the time series = of the time series = HydroIDHydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. of the spatial feature (e.g. Well)Well)


Time series views – map a variable at a given timeTime series views – map a variable at a given timeMap a certain variable (e.g. water levels) at a given time (e.g. Map a certain variable (e.g. water levels) at a given time (e.g. February 2004)February 2004)

FeatureID

VariableID

2

TsTime

2/2004 Feet above mean sea level


• Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store instead of one variable we store multiple variablesmultiple variables..

• The column heading is the The column heading is the variable key (VarKey)variable key (VarKey)

Variables (VarKey)

Multi-variable time seriesMulti-variable time series


Multi-variable time seriesMulti-variable time series

• Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store instead of one variable we store multiple variablesmultiple variables..

• The column heading is the The column heading is the variable key (VarKey)variable key (VarKey)

Variables (VarKey)


RasterSeriesRasterSeries• Raster datasets indexed by timeRaster datasets indexed by time

• Each raster represents a continuous surface describing a Each raster represents a continuous surface describing a variable for a given time over an area of interestvariable for a given time over an area of interest

January 1991

January 1992

January 1993


Feature SeriesFeature Series• A collection of A collection of features indexed by time features indexed by time (e.g. particle tracks)(e.g. particle tracks)

• Features are indexed by Features are indexed by VariableID, TsTimeVariableID, TsTime..

• Features can also be indexed with a Features can also be indexed with a GroupIDGroupID. Each group of . Each group of features creates a track over timefeatures creates a track over time


Demo – Time SeriesDemo – Time Series









Representing simulation modelsRepresenting simulation models• GeoreferenceGeoreference model inputs and outputs (in model inputs and outputs (in space and timespace and time))

• Focus on Focus on MODFLOWMODFLOW, block centered finite difference grid (nodes are in , block centered finite difference grid (nodes are in the center of the cells)the center of the cells)

• Represent Represent 2D and 3D 2D and 3D modelsmodels

Block-centered finite difference grid


Simulation componentSimulation component

Features for representing data from simulation modelsFeatures for representing data from simulation models


BoundaryBoundaryPolygon feature class for representing the extent and Polygon feature class for representing the extent and orientation of a simulation modelorientation of a simulation model


Cell2D and Node Cell2D and Node Cell2D:Cell2D: polygon feature class that represents cells or elements polygon feature class that represents cells or elements associated with a two-dimensional simulation model or a single associated with a two-dimensional simulation model or a single layer of a three-dimensional modellayer of a three-dimensional model

Node:Node: point feature class used in combination with Cell2D to point feature class used in combination with Cell2D to represent the model’s mesh/grid. represent the model’s mesh/grid.

Node Features Cell2D Features

(a) (b) (c)

a) Finite element mesh

b) Mesh centered finite difference grid

c) Cell centered finite difference grid


Cell3DCell3D• Multipatch feature class that represents three-dimensional cells

and elements

• Used mostly for Used mostly for visualization of 3D modelsvisualization of 3D models


Demo – Simulation (with demo of Demo – Simulation (with demo of MODFLOW Analyst)MODFLOW Analyst)

Documents

UC2008 Pre-conference Seminars 1 Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo)