Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg University of Texas at Austin

Arc Hydro Groundwater Data ModelArc Hydro Groundwater Data Model

Gil StrassbergGil Strassberg

University of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at Austin

Pre Conference SeminarPre Conference Seminar 22

OutlineOutline

• Background: objectives, previous designBackground: objectives, previous design

• New design and books, FrameworkNew design and books, Framework

• Groundwater componentsGroundwater components

• ExamplesExamples


What is a hydrologic data model?What is a hydrologic data model?

Booch et al. defined a model: “a simplification of reality

created to better understand the system being created”

Objects

Aquifer

stream

Well

Volume

R.M. Hirsch, USGS


Developing a groundwater data modelDeveloping a groundwater data model

Groundwater data model(geospatial database)

Time series observations

Geologic maps

Borehole data

Geospatial vector layers

Gridded dataNumerical models

Take a variety of spatial information and integrate into

one geospatial database with a common terminology

• Better communication

• Integration of data

• Base for applications

Hydrostratigraphy


Goals of the Arc Hydro groundwater data modelGoals of the Arc Hydro groundwater data model

Develop a geographic data model for representing

groundwater systems.

Objective:

1. Support representation of regional groundwater systems.

2. Support the representation of site scale groundwater data.

3. Enable the integration of surface water and groundwater data.

4. Facilitate the Integration of groundwater simulation models with GIS.

Data model goals:


Regional groundwater systemsRegional groundwater systems

• Describe groundwater systems from recharge to discharge

• In many cases assumed as 2D systems, vertical scale >> horizontal scale


Site scale dataSite scale data

• Describe groundwater data in a small area of interest.

• Usually includes 3D data (e.g. multilevel samplers, cores).

Photographs provided by Chunmiao Zheng

Multilevel samplers in the MADE site in Mississippi


Integration of surface water and groundwater dataIntegration of surface water and groundwater data

• Describe the relationship between surface water features ( e.g.

streams and waterbodies) with groundwater features (aquifers, wells).

• Enable the connection with the surface water data model

Hydro network Aquifers


Integration of groundwater simulation models Integration of groundwater simulation models with GISwith GIS

• Define data structures for representing groundwater simulation models within GIS.

• Support spatial and temporal referencing of model data – allows the display and analysis of model data within a “real” geospatial and temporal context.

• Focus on modflow as the standard model used in the groundwater community

Non spatial representation (layer, row, column)

Geospatial representation (x, y, and z coordinates)


Old designOld design

TableHydroGeologicUnit

TableVerticalMeasurements

Raster catalogGeoRasters

HydrogeologyFeature dataset

Polygon feature classAquifer

Subtypes are aquifer boundary, confined,unconfined, and aquitard boundary

Line feature classBoreLine

Point feature classBorePoint

Polygon feature classGeoSection

Polygon feature classGeoArea

Line feature classGeoLine

Point feature classGeoPoint

Point feature classWell

Line feature classWaterLine

Polygon feature classWaterArea

Multipatch feature classGeoVolume

Relationship class

One to many

WellHasBoreLines

Relationship class

One to many

WellHasBorePoints

Relationship class

One to many

AquiferHasWells

Objects related to hydrogeology that arein the geodatabse level (not within the

feature dataset)

Relationship class

One to many

Cell2DHasCell3D

Relationship class

One to many

Cell3DHasNodesPolygon feature classBoundary

Polygon feature classCell2D

Point feature class

Node

Multipatch feature classCell3D

SimulationFeature dataset

One to many

Raster catalogRasterSeries

TableTimeSeries

TableTSType

Relationship class

One to many

TSTypeHasTimeSeries

Temporal information

One big geodatabase with 3 conceptual components:One big geodatabase with 3 conceptual components:Hydrogeology, Simulation, TemporalHydrogeology, Simulation, Temporal


OutlineOutline






New DesignNew Design

• Better integrate surface water and groundwater

• Easier implementation

Solution:

1. One framework – including basic surface water

and groundwater features

2. Componentize the data model smaller thematic

pieces


Network

ComponentsComponents

Framework

Surface water components

Drainage

Hydrography

Chanel

Groundwater components

Components can be added to the framework to represent

specific themes in more detail

Wells and boreholes

Hydrostratigraphy

Geology

SimulationTemporal (enhanced)

Temporal component


Two booksTwo books

Surface waterSurface water GroundwaterGroundwater

IntroductionIntroduction IntroductionIntroduction

FrameworkFramework FrameworkFramework

Space and Time (technical)Space and Time (technical) 3D ArcGIS (technical)3D ArcGIS (technical)

Hydro networksHydro networks GeologyGeology

WatershedsWatersheds Wells and BoreholesWells and Boreholes

River channelsRiver channels HydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy

TemporalTemporal TemporalTemporal

SimulationSimulation SimulationSimulation

ImplementationImplementation ImplementationImplementation


FrameworkFramework

Surface water featuresGroundwater features

Time Series


FrameworkFramework

Aquifer

Watershed

Well

MonitoringPoint

Stream

HydroPoint

Waterbody

Time Series


Surface water and groundwaterSurface water and groundwater

Streamflow Gage at Comal Springs, New

Braunfels Texas

Well in the Edwards Aquifer (state well

6823302)

• In many cases collected and stored separatelyIn many cases collected and stored separately• Store, visualize, and analyze in the same conferenceStore, visualize, and analyze in the same conference


Aquifer featuresAquifer features

• Polygon features for representing aquifer

boundaries and zones within them

Map of major Map of major aquifers in Texasaquifers in Texas

Edwards AquiferEdwards Aquifer


Aquifer featuresAquifer features

• An aquifer is defined by one or a set of polygon features• Aquifer features can be grouped by a hydrogeologic unit id (HGUID)• FType for defining types of aquifer features


Well featuresWell features

Well 1729State well number 6829103Types of wells

• Wells represented as 2D point featuresWells represented as 2D point features• Can be related with a certain AquiferCan be related with a certain Aquifer• FType for defining types of wellsFType for defining types of wells


Hydro FeaturesHydro Features

• HydroID – Unique ID within the geodatabase (internal HydroID – Unique ID within the geodatabase (internal relationships) – Every feature in Arc Hydro is assigned a unique relationships) – Every feature in Arc Hydro is assigned a unique HydroIDHydroID

• HydroCode – Public identifier (external relationships)HydroCode – Public identifier (external relationships)


HydroCode links to external applicationsHydroCode links to external applications• Web interface for groundwater data in TexasWeb interface for groundwater data in Texas• Texas Water Information Integration & Dissemination (WIID)Texas Water Information Integration & Dissemination (WIID)

The state well number becomes the HydroCode of the Well The state well number becomes the HydroCode of the Well feature in Arc Hydrofeature in Arc Hydro


Aquifer and wellAquifer and well

Well 1729State well number 6829103

*

HydroIDHydroCodeNameHGUIDFType

Aquifer

HydroIDHydroCodeLandElevWellDepthAquiferIDAqCodeHGUIDFType

Well

1


Wells and TimeSeriesWells and TimeSeries

Well features are related with time series (water levels, water quality)


Surface water featuresSurface water features• Watershed – Polygon features for representing a drainage area

• Stream – Line features representing the path of flow as linear

hydrographic features (blue lines on a map)

• Waterbody – Polygon features representing water bodies

• HydroPoint – Point features for representing any point hydrographic

feature (diversion, spring, dam, etc.)


MonitoringPoint has time seriesMonitoringPoint has time series

Monitoring points are related with time series (streamflow, water quality, precipitation)


Surface water – groundwater linkageSurface water – groundwater linkage

• AquiferID is added to the surface water features

• Surface water and groundwater features can be linked through

the AquiferID and HydroID attributes

• Work in progress –still trying to figure out exactly which

relationships are needed


Surface water – groundwater linkageSurface water – groundwater linkage

• Relationships between surface water and aquifer enable

analysis based on spatial and hydrologic relationships

Stream reaches overlying an aquifer outcrop


OutlineOutline







• GeologyGeology - mostly representation of data from geologic - mostly representation of data from geologic mapsmaps

• Wells and BoreholesWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and – Description of well attributes and vertical data along wellsvertical data along wells

• HydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyhydrostratigraphy

• TemporalTemporal - Representing time series data - Representing time series data

• SimulationSimulation – Representation of groundwater simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation modelsmodels


GeologyGeology

Features for representing data from geologic maps

Data from USGS report:http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2873/

CavesCaves

FaultsFaults

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2873/







• SimulationSimulation – representation of groundwater simulation – representation of groundwater simulation modelsmodels


WellWell

• Wells are the most basic features in groundwater databasesWells are the most basic features in groundwater databases• Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use,

owner, etc. owner, etc. • In many cases these data are collected from driller reportsIn many cases these data are collected from driller reports


WellWell• The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well

feature classfeature class• In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic

attributes attributes Point datasetWell


Wells in the Edwards AquiferWells in the Edwards Aquifer


WellWell• FType is a coded value domainFType is a coded value domain• Can add/delete based on project requirementsCan add/delete based on project requirements


Wells and 3D dataWells and 3D data

• 3D data is referenced along the well3D data is referenced along the well• From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)

FromFrom

ToTo


Wells and BoreholesWells and Boreholes

• Vertical data (stratigraphy, casing) are related with wells

• 3D information is stored as tabular data in the VerticalMeasurements table

• Can create 3D features (points, lines) for visualization

Vertical data datasetVerticalMeasurements

VariableMtypeWellIDTopElevBottomElevElevUnitsElevFieldMaterialHGUID

Point datasetWell


3D point datasetBorePoint

HydroIDHydroCodeWellIDHGUIDHGUCodeMaterialPointElevFType

3D line datasetBoreLine

HydroIDHydroCodeWellIDHGUIDHGUCodeMaterialTopElevBottomElevFType


Creating 3D displaysCreating 3D displays

• We can create 3D displays of wells with the elevation and We can create 3D displays of wells with the elevation and depth attributes of the well featuredepth attributes of the well feature

Land surface

Extruded well features


3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)

• Data on 3D intervals/points along the wellData on 3D intervals/points along the well

Wells with hydrostratigraphic information Wells with hydrostratigraphic information



• Original data is in text formatOriginal data is in text format• Each data represents the top of a formation at one wellEach data represents the top of a formation at one well

Data from USGS Data from USGS report: report: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5226/

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5226/


3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)• Data on 3D intervals/points along the well are stored in tabular formatData on 3D intervals/points along the well are stored in tabular format• Data from the vertical measurements are related through the Data from the vertical measurements are related through the

HydroID-WellID relationshipHydroID-WellID relationship

Well HydroID = 3266Well HydroID = 3266


3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)• Combining the well geometry (x, y) and the vertical Combining the well geometry (x, y) and the vertical

measurements we can describe a set of 3D geometries measurements we can describe a set of 3D geometries (x, y, z)(x, y, z)

146

128

-60

41

-81

750

-140

-217

-372

-433

Georgetown Fm. (GTOWN)

Cyclic + Marine member (CYMRN)

Upper confining unit

Leached + collapsed member (LCCLP)

Regional dense member (RGDNS)

Grainstone member (GRNSTN)

Kirschberg evaporite member (KSCH)

Dolomitic member (DOLO)

Lower confining unit, upper Glen Rose (UGLRS)



• BorePoints representing geologic contacts along wellsBorePoints representing geologic contacts along wells• Each point represents the top of a hydrogeologic formationEach point represents the top of a hydrogeologic formation

Well

BorePoint

Land surface


3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines)• BoreLines representing intervals along wellsBoreLines representing intervals along wells• Each line represents a hydrogeologic unit (top and bottom)Each line represents a hydrogeologic unit (top and bottom)

Well HydroID = 3266

BoreLines for well 3266

BorePoints and BoreLines can also be used to represent other BorePoints and BoreLines can also be used to represent other features along wells (construction, sampling ports, screens)features along wells (construction, sampling ports, screens)









Geology to hydrogeologyGeology to hydrogeology

Georgetown Fm. (GTOWN)

Cyclic + Marine member (CYMRN)

Upper confining unit

Leached + collapsed member (LCCLP)

Regional dense member (RGDNS)

Grainstone member (GRNSTN)

Kirschberg evaporite member (KSCH)

Dolomitic member (DOLO)

Upper Glen Rose (UGLRS)

Stratigraphic units Hydrogeologic units

Pearson Fm.

Basal Nodular member (BSNOD)

Kainer Fm.

Georgetown Fm.

Ed

war

ds

A

qu

ifer

• StratigraphicStratigraphic units are usually grouped into hydrogeologic units units are usually grouped into hydrogeologic units• An aquifer can have a number of hydrogeologic unitsAn aquifer can have a number of hydrogeologic units• Definition may change based on scale (local vs. regional) and purposeDefinition may change based on scale (local vs. regional) and purpose


Products and workflowProducts and workflow

Cross sections/Fence diagrams

Volume objects representing hydrogeologic units

Cross sections derived from the solid model

Define hydrogeologic units along boreholes

Create surfaces from borehole data and

cross sections

Interpolate and edit cross sections

“Cut” cross sections from the solid model

Surfaces defining the extent of hydrogeologic units

Borehole Stratigraphy

Build volumes between surfaces

Create cross sections based on the surfaces


HydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy

1

1..*

Polygon feature class HGUArea

Polygon feature class GeoSection

Multipatch feature class GeoVolume

Raster catalog GeoRasters

TableHydroGeologicUnit

1..*

1..*

1..*

Spatial features

Relates with spatial features representing instances of the HGU

HydroGeologicUnit table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic units


HGUAreaHGUArea

• 2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units

Georgetown boundary

Kainer boundary

BorePoints representing top of hydrogeologic units


HGUAreaHGUArea• A hydrogeologic unit can be represented by more than one

HGUArea• HGUArea is related to the hydrogeologic units in the table

through the HGUID attribute

HydroID = 4705

HydroID = 4706

HydroID = 4707


GeoSectionGeoSection

• 3D polygons representing cross sections

• SectionLine defines the 2D cross section line

Section A-A’(HydroID = 4666)

Section line connecting a Section line connecting a sequence of wellssequence of wells


Section A-A’

Section B-B’

HGUCode

GeoSectionGeoSection• Each polygon is part of a section group defined by the SectionID• The SectionID of the polygon relates back to the section line

Section A-A’(HydroID = 4666)


Georgetown

Glen Rose

Kainer

Person

GeoRastersGeoRasters• Raster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasetsRaster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasets• Can store top and bottom of formationsCan store top and bottom of formations• Each raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic Each raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic

unit tableunit table


GeoRastersGeoRasters

• GeoRasters also store hydraulic properties such as GeoRasters also store hydraulic properties such as transmissivity, conductivity, and specific yieldtransmissivity, conductivity, and specific yield

K (feet/day)

Raster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards AquiferRaster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards Aquifer


GeoVolumeGeoVolume

• Objects for representing 3D volumesObjects for representing 3D volumes• Geometry is multipatchGeometry is multipatch


GeoVolumeGeoVolume• Can create the volumes as a set of 3D trianglesCan create the volumes as a set of 3D triangles• Not real volume – can’t do any 3D operationsNot real volume – can’t do any 3D operations• Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to the Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to the

geodatabasegeodatabase

Georgetown

Person

Kainer

Volumes in GMSVolumes in GMS

GeoVolumes in the geodatabaseGeoVolumes in the geodatabase


Derived GeoSectionsDerived GeoSections

• GeoSections can also be created by “cutting” through GeoSections can also be created by “cutting” through GeoVolumesGeoVolumes

C-C’

D-D’E-E’

GeoSections

C-C’ D-D’

E-E’

Section lines on a 2D view of Section lines on a 2D view of GeoVolumes GeoVolumes

Derived 3D GeoSectionsDerived 3D GeoSections



• GeologyGeology - mostly representation of geologic data from - mostly representation of geologic data from geologic mapsgeologic maps






Types of time varying datasetsTypes of time varying datasets

• Single variable time seriesSingle variable time series – A single variable recorded – A single variable recorded at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater levelslevels

• Multi variable time seriesMulti variable time series – Multiple variables recorded – Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis of a water sampleanalysis of a water sample

• Time varying surfaces (raster series)Time varying surfaces (raster series) – Raster datasets – Raster datasets indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a certain time. environment at a certain time.

• Time varying features (feature series)Time varying features (feature series) – A collection of – A collection of features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a variable at a single time period. represents a variable at a single time period.


TimeSeries and TSTypeTimeSeries and TSType

• Each measurement is indexed by space, time, and typeEach measurement is indexed by space, time, and type

• Space = FeatureIDSpace = FeatureID

• Time = TSDateTimeTime = TSDateTime

• Type = TSTypeIDType = TSTypeID

FeatureID

TSDateTime

TSTypeID

TSType provides TSType provides information on the information on the time seriestime series


Getting data viewsGetting data views

• We can “slice” through the data cube to get specific views We can “slice” through the data cube to get specific views of the dataof the data

FeatureID

TSDateTime

TSTypeID

2791 FeatureID

TSDateTime

TSTypeID

2

FeatureID

TSDateTime

TSTypeID

2

2791

Query by location Query by location (FeatureID = 2791)(FeatureID = 2791)

Query by typeQuery by type(TSTypeID = 2)(TSTypeID = 2)

Query by location and typeQuery by location and type(FeatureID = 2791 TSTypeID = 2)(FeatureID = 2791 TSTypeID = 2)

Where?Where? What?What? Where and What?Where and What?


Data viewsData views

Get all the data of TSType 2 measured at Feature 2791Get all the data of TSType 2 measured at Feature 2791



Well HydroID = 2791

• FeatureID of the time series = HydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. Well)FeatureID of the time series = HydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. Well)• TSTypeID relates to the TSType tableTSTypeID relates to the TSType table


TimeSeries TableTimeSeries Table

• A query by location (FeatureID) and type (TSTypeID)A query by location (FeatureID) and type (TSTypeID)

• Create a plot of time series related to a featureCreate a plot of time series related to a feature

Well HydroID = 2791



A type-time view: Get water levels (TSTypeID =2) for 2/2004A type-time view: Get water levels (TSTypeID =2) for 2/2004

FeatureID

TSDateTime

TSTypeID

2

2/2004 Water level in the Edwards Aquifer in 2/2004

Set of layers for different times Set of layers for different times creates an animationcreates an animation


Multi-variable time seriesMulti-variable time series• Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same

location• Indexed by location (FeatureID), and time (TSDateTime)• Example – water quality parameters

Variables


Multi-variable time seriesMulti-variable time series• Can query for multiple variables together

Well HydroID = 2833

New Braunfels Springs


RasterSeriesRasterSeries

• Raster datasets indexed by timeRaster datasets indexed by time

• Each raster represents a continuous surface Each raster represents a continuous surface describing a variable for a given timedescribing a variable for a given time

January 1991

January 1992

January 1993


Feature SeriesFeature Series• A collection of features indexed by timeA collection of features indexed by time

• Example of particle tracksExample of particle tracks

• Features are indexed by TSType, TSDateTime, and GroupIDFeatures are indexed by TSType, TSDateTime, and GroupID

• Each group of features creates a track over timeEach group of features creates a track over time



• GeologyGeology - mostly representation of geologic data from - mostly representation of geologic data from geologic mapsgeologic maps






Representing simulation modelsRepresenting simulation models

• Georeference model inputs and outputs (in space and time)• Focus on MODFLOW, block centered finite difference grid

(nodes are in the center of the cells)• Represent 2D and 3D models

Block-centered finite difference grid

Finite element grid

Mesh-centered Finite difference grid


SimulationSimulation

Features for representing data from simulation models

Model origin Ang

le

BoundaryCell2D

Cell3D Node

Cell2D

Cell3D Node


Tools for read model inputs/outputsTools for read model inputs/outputs

Example – Create water budgets for selected cellsExample – Create water budgets for selected cells

Outflow terms

Inflow terms

(a)

(b)

Water budget terms for the defined zone


Contact informationContact information

• [email protected]@beg.utexas.edu

DemosDemos

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg University of Texas at Austin