-
7/27/2019 Ancient Egypt India and China
1/5
ANCIENT EGYPT
EGYPT LOCATION
Egypt is located in Africa, limits to the north with the
Mediterranean Sea, to the
south with Sudan, to the east with the Red Sea and to the west
with Libya.
-
7/27/2019 Ancient Egypt India and China
2/5
ANCIENT EGYPT
IS DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN PERIODS
The old kingdom
(About 2700 BC 2200
BC)
Government Pharaohs
organize a strong
centralized state.
Egyptians believed the
pharaoh was a god.
Pharaoh had absolute
power owning and ruling
all the land in the
kingdom.
Vizier Chief Minister
supervises the business
of government.
The Egyptian built the
majestic pyramids, these
are tombs for eternity.
The Middle Kingdom
(about 2050 BC
1800 BC)
Turbulen period
Corruption and rebellion
Egyptian armies occupied
part of Nubia (the gold rich
land to the south)
The Hyksos foreign
invader occupied the Delta
region.
Egyptians mastered new
military technology.
Hyksos were impressed by
Egyptian civilization; they
adopted Egyptian customs,
beliefs and names.
After 100 years new
Egyptian leaders arose.
They drove out the Hyksos
and set up the New
Kingdom.
The New Kingdom (about
1550 BC
1100 BC)
Powerful and ambitious
pharaohs created a large
empire.
Egyptian Empire reached
the Euphrates River.
One monarch of the new
Kingdom HATSHEPSUT
was a woman who
exercised all the rights of
a pharaoh.
The most powerful
pharaoh was Ramses II.
After RamsesII, Egyptian
power slowly declined.
-
7/27/2019 Ancient Egypt India and China
3/5
EGYPTIAN RELIGION
Chief gods and goddesses.
Sun god Amon Re
The Pharaoh only the pharaoh could conduct certain ceremonies
for the
sun god.
Osiris and Isis human emotions (love, jelousy, and fear of
death).
Belief in an Afterlife mummification (preservation of the
death)
privilege to the rulers and nobles.
EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN INDIA
The earliest Indian civilization is cloaked in mystery. It
emerged in the Indus River
valley, in present day Pakistan, about 2500 B.C. This
civilization flourished for
about 1000 years, then vanished without a trace. There are no
names of kings or
queens, no literature, no accounts of famous victories.
The two main cities of the valley civilization Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro, were
large, the most striking feature of these cities is that they
were so carefully
planned. Each city was laid out in a grid pattern; the houses
had modern plumbing
systems, with bath, drains, and water chutes that led into sewer
beneath the
streets.
From such evidence, archeologists have concluded that the Indus
Valley cities had
a well-organized government. These experts must also have
developed skills in
mathematics and surveying to lay out the cities so
precisely.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
From clues such as statues, archeologists have speculated about
the religious
beliefs:
They were polytheistic
A mother goddess the source of creation
Worshiped sacred animals including the bull.
Veneration special regard forcattle.
-
7/27/2019 Ancient Egypt India and China
4/5
EARLY CIVILIZATION IN CHINA
China was the most isolated of the civilizations. Lon distances
and physical
barriers separated it from Egypt and India. This isolation
contributed to the Chinese
belief that China was the center of the Earth and the sole
source of civilization.
CHINA UNDER THE SHANG
Shang Chinese people that gained control of a corner of northern
China.
During the Shang period, Chinese civilization first took
shape.
Shang kings led other warrior in battle.
They helped to lead large army against invaders.
The noblewomen had considerable status during the Shang
period.
Religious Beliefs They prayed to many gods and nature spirits.
Shan Di and
a mother goddess (they brought plants and animal to the
Earth).
The king the link between the people and Shang Di.
Only the ancestors could talk to the gods.
THE ZHOU DYNASTY
Zhou people that overthrow the Shang.
They justify the rebellion by promoting the idea of the Mandate
of Heaven.
Feudalism system of government local lords governed their own
lands.
During the Zhou period Chinas economy grew.
Toward the end of the Zhou era, China was increasing in area and
population.
-
7/27/2019 Ancient Egypt India and China
5/5
